Ngenkathi umdlavuza wesisu awuvimbeki ngamaphesenti angu-100, ungase umangale uma ufunda ukuthi kukhona izinto ongayenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yokuyihlakulela, njengokuyeka ukubhema. Lokhu kuthiwa, akuzona zonke izimbangela zesifo somdlavuza wesibeletho esingaphansi kokulawula kwakho, njengezifo ezithinta izifo zesifo.
Noma kunjalo, izici eziyingozi-ukuthi zikhona yini ekulawuleni kwakho-azibikezeli ngokuphelele ukuthi uzothola umdlavuza wesisu.
Ngamanye amazwi, ngenxa nje yokuthi ubhema noma nje ngoba unomlando womndeni wesifo somdlavuza wesibindi akusho ukuthi uzothola ngokuqinisekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wesibeletho ayiyona ingxenye yamaphesenti ngoba nje ungabhemi noma ungenalo umlando womndeni.
Ekugcineni, ingozi yakho yokwenza umdlavuza wesisu-njengeningi lamagciwane - ivela ekuhlanganiseni okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwezakhi zakho zomzimba kanye nemvelo yakho.
Izimbangela ezivamile
Ake sihlole izici ezithile ezandisa amathuba akho okuthola ukuthi unomdlavuza wesibeletho nokuthi yini ongayenza ukuze unciphise lawo mathuba.
Ukuvezwa Kwemikhiqizo Emsebenzini
Ukuvezwa kwamakhemikhali athile endaweni yomuntu, njengama-aniline amanye nezinye izinhlobo zama-amine aphunga, kungandisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza wesisu. Eqinisweni, amaphesenti angama-10 e-kansa yesikhumba abangelwa yizimpawu zamakhemikhali.
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ingozi yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza wesisu ihlala iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 ngemuva kokuphela kokusebenza kwezidakamizwa kulezi zingozi zomuthi wamakhemikhali.
Izibonelo zemisebenzi ehlanganiswe nengozi ephezulu yomdlavuza wesisu kufaka:
- Izindwangu, i-raber, isikhumba, insimbi, idayi, i-petroleum, noma izisebenzi zamakhemikhali
- Abantu abasebenza ngezinto zokunyathelisa
- Abadwebi
- Abadayisi bezinwele abasebenza ngamehlo
- Ukuhlanza okumile
- Abashayeli bamaloli (ukuchayeka kwegazi)
- Abadobi bezinhlanzi
- Shayela opharetha ophrinta
Ukuvuvukala kwesinye isikhathi
Izimo ezithile zezempilo, njengezifo eziphuthumayo noma ezingapheli ezingasetshenziswanga, izigabha zesibindi, ukungasebenzi kwesibindi kusuka ezinkingeni zezinzwa, nalabo abanamakhemikhali ahlala emanzini bangathuthuka ukuvuvukala okungapheli kwesibindi.
Lokhu ukuvuvukala kungandisa ingozi yokuthola umdlavuza wesisu, ikakhulukazi uhlobo oluthile lwesifo somdlavuza wesibindi okuthiwa i-squamous cell carcinoma. Lolu hlobo, noma kunjalo, lubalelwa kuphela ngamaphesenti angu-1 ukuya kwangu-2 kuwo wonke ama-cancers wesisu.
Ukwengeza, ukutheleleka okungapheli nokungaphenduliwe nge-parasite okuthiwa i- Schistosoma haematobium- etholakala emithonjeni yamanzi ahlanzekile-ixhunyaniswa kakhulu kwi-squamous cell carcinoma yesibindi.
I-Arsenic emanzini
I-Arsenic etholakala emanzini okuphuza iye yahlanganiswa nengozi ephakeme yomdlavuza wesisu. Imithombo eminingi yamanzi equkethe amazinga aphezulu e-arsenic avela emithonjeni.
Amazinga e-Arsenic emanzini okuphuza aphakanyisiwe ezindaweni ezithile zomhlaba, njengezingxenye zaseTaiwan, eJapane, eBangladesh, nasentshonalanga yeNingizimu Melika. Ezinye izingxenye ezisemaphandleni ezisentshonalanga ye-United States nazo zine-arsenic yemvelo emanzini. Kodwa, qiniseka ukuthi kubantu abaningi e-United States, amanzi okuphuza akuwona umthombo omkhulu we-arsenic.
Imithi kanye nokwelapha
Imithi ethile nemithi yokwelashwa nayo ihlotshaniswe nomdlavuza wesinye, kufaka phakathi:
- Ukusebenzisa isikhathi eside imithi yesifo sikashukela thiazolidinediones (idatha yesayensi isaxubeke )
- Umlando wokuthatha imithi yokwelapha i-cytoxan (cyclophosphamide)
- Umlando wezokwelapha emisebeni yomdlavuza we-pelvic (isifo sofuba, isifo se-testicular, umlomo wesibeletho noma umdlavuza we-ovarian)
Eminye Imithonya
- Ubudala (amaphesenti angu-90 alabo abanomdlavuza wesibeletho baneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-55, ngokusho kwe-American Cancer Society)
- Umlando womunye umdlavuza ohlelweni lwe- urinary (izinso, ureter, noma urethra)
- Umlando womuntu wesifo somdlavuza wesisu (isisu esisha singakha endaweni ehlukile ngaphakathi kwesinye)
Izakhi zofuzo
Kunezici ezithile ezandisa ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza wesisu ongeke ukwazi ukuguqulwa. Lokhu kufaka:
- Ubulili (umdlavuza wesibeletho uvame kakhulu emadodeni kunabesifazane)
- Umjaho (ama-caucasian aphindwe kabili ukuthuthukisa umdlavuza wesibeletho kunabase-Afrika-baseMelika)
- Izifo ezithile zokuzalwa zesibindi
- Umlando womndeni wesifo somdlavuza wesisu
Umlando womndeni wesifo somdlavuza wesibeletho kungenzeka noma ungahlotshaniswa nokwenza izakhi zofuzo zomuntu. Isibonelo, izifo ezithile ze-genetic syndromes noma izinguquko-ezenzeka lapho amangqamuzana emzimbeni wakho ehlukanisa-ahlobene nokuthola umdlavuza wesibeletho; kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uzuze lokhu akuphephile.
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukukhula komdlavuza wesibeletho kungase kube nesikhathi esincane sokuba nomdlavuza wesisu. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akuwona umthetho onzima futhi okusheshayo.
Kodwa, umlando womndeni ungaba ngaphezulu kokulawula kwakho uma othandekayo wakho eba nomdlavuza wesisu ngenxa yokuvezwa, kufana nokubhema ugwayi noma amakhemikhali. Eqinisweni, ukubhema kwentuthu kagesi kuye kwaxhunywa ingozi yomdlavuza wesibeletho kubantu besifazane-nakuba kunesithakazelo, hhayi amadoda-ngokusho kocwaningi lwe- Cancer Research .
Izindlela zokuphila
Kunezimbangela ezithile zomdlavuza wesisu ongase ube kahle ngaphakathi kokulawula kwakho ukubhekana nokuphila kwakho kwansuku zonke.
Ukubhema Ukubhema
Ucwaningo lwesayensi luye lubonisa ukuthi ukubhema ugwayi kukhulisa amathuba okuba umuntu ahlakulele umdlavuza wesibeletho. Eqinisweni, ukubhema ugwayi kuyimbangela enkulu enkulu yokwenza umdlavuza wesisu emazweni aseNtshonalanga, kubalwa ngamaphesenti angu-50 azo zonke izimo.
Lapho kuhlaziywa abantu abangaphezu kuka-450,000, ababebhemayo bebebhema babephindwe kabili amathuba okuba nomdlavuza wesibeletho kunabangabhemi. Futhi, ababhemayo bamanje babe namathuba amane okuthuthukisa umdlavuza wesibeletho. Abantu ababhemayo amapayipi noma ugwayi nabo bakutholakala engozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza wesibeletho, nakuba ingozi yayincane kunalabo ababhema ugwayi.
Ngenkathi lolu cwaningo lusekela indima ebalulekile yokubhema ugwayi ekutholeni umdlavuza wesisu, kuphakamisa nokuthi ukuyeka ukubhema kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho, nakuba ungayiqedi.
Ukuthi umuntu obhemayo kungakanani nokuthi uyaphila isikhathi eside kangakanani. Ngokwenhlolo-vo e- Urology, abantu ababesebhema kakhulu babenomdlavuza ophezulu-okusho ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza abonakala engavamile-esiteshini esithuthukile kakhulu-okusho ukuthi umdlavuza wawusakazeke kakhulu-ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa, uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abangazange baphuze noma babebhema ukukhanya. (Ukubhema okukhulu kwachazwa ngokuthi iminyaka engu- 30 noma ngaphezulu nokupaka ukukhanya kwakuchazwa njengeminyaka engaphansi kuka-30 yepakethe.)
Indlela ecacile yokuthi ukubhema ugwayi kudlala ekuthuthukiseni ukuthuthukiswa komdlavuza wesisu akukacaci kahle. Lokho kusho ukuthi kunama-carcinogen angaphezu kuka-60 kugwayi okuye kwaxhunyaniswa nomdlavuza wesisu.
Izithako
Ukuthatha imifino yaseChina i- Aristolochia fangchi ixhunyaniswa nengozi yomkhuhlane wesibeletho kanye nezinye izifo zomdlavuza ohlelweni lwe-urinary.
Ukungena kwamanzi
Olunye ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abantu abavutha ngaphezulu (ngoba baphuza amanzi amaningi) banengozi encane yomdlavuza wesibeletho. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi uketshezi okukhulayo kungasiza ekuqedeni ama-carcinogens esifubeni.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Cancer Society. Izisindo Zezifo Zengculazi. May 2016.
> Freedman ND, Silverman DT, Hollenbeck AR, Schatzkin A, Abnet CC. Umphakathi phakathi kokubhema kanye nengozi yomdlavuza wesisu phakathi kwamadoda nabesifazane. I-JAMA . 2011; 306 (7): 737-45.
> Jiang X, Yuan JM, Skipper PL, Tannenbaum SR, Yu MC. Umusi wokubhema wendawo kanye nengozi yomdlavuza wesinyawo akungabikho ababhemayo baseLos Angeles County. I-Can Res 2007; 67 (15): 7540-5.
> McNeil, B. (2011). Izinyathelo Zokuqala-Ngiye Ngaqhathaniswa Ngomdlavuza Wesinye. E-Gonzalgo ML (Ed), Umhlahlandlela Weziguli Kumdlavuza Wesinye (1-9). EMassachusetts: Jones noBartlett Abashicileli.
> Pietzak EJ, Mucksavage P, Guzzo TJ, Malkowicz SB. Ukubhema ugwayi olunzima kanye nomdlavuza wesifo sofuba ekuqaleni. Urology . 2015; 86 (5): 968-72.