Ukugqoka nokuqeda inkolelo yokuguga - enye yezinkolelo eziningana - iveza ukuthi imiphumela yokuguga ibangelwa ukulimala okuqhubekayo kumasethini nezinhlelo zomzimba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngokuyisisekelo, imizimba yethu "iphelelwa amandla" ngenxa yokusetshenziswa. Uma seziphelile, azikwazi ukusebenza ngendlela efanele.
Ukugqoka nokugqabisa inkolelo kugxilile ngokujulile ekucabangeni kwethu, futhi yimiqondo ozoyizwa njalo enkulumweni nasesikweni sethu.
Kwakuqala ukuphakanyiswa ngokwesayensi yi-biologicalist waseJalimane uDkt. August Weismann ngo-1882. Sibheke nje ukuthi umzimba, njengendlela yokugcizelela imishini, uzohlukana nokusetshenziswa phakathi neminyaka. Ukugqoka nokuqothula inkolelo yokuguga kungabuye kubhekiswe ngokuthi i-theory elula yokulimala noma isisekelo semfundiso yokuncipha.
Uma ucabanga ngemibono ehlukene yokuguga, ukugqoka nokudiliza inkolelo kungase kubonakale sengathi kuyona engcono kakhulu. Ihambisana nesipiliyoni sethu futhi ithwala amaphethini ajwayelekile. Kodwa kunezinye izintshumayelo, esikhundleni sokubuka ukuguga njengendlela yokugqoka nokuphumula okungahleliwe, ukubuka ukuguga njengenqubo yokuzikhandla, umcimbi ohleliwe. Ukuguga kungaba okungaphezu nje kokuqoqwa komonakalo njengoba kwenzeka ezimotweni kuyindawo entsha yokutadisha.
Ngaphambi kokuba sixoxisane nobufakazi bokusekela ukugqoka nokudabuka nokuthi lokho okusiholela kude nale mbono, kuyawusizo ukubukeza kafushane imibono ehlukile yokuguga.
Ngokuningiliziwe kwezingqinamba zokuguga
Njengoba kuphawuliwe, kubalulekile ukuqala ingxoxo yokugqoka nokudabuka inkolelo yokuguga ngokuqaphela ukuthi kunezinkolelo eziningana ezihlukene zokuguga okugqoka nokugcoba inkolelo eyodwa kuphela. Ngenkathi kukhona ubufakazi bokuphikisa nokuphikisana ngalunye lwalezi zindinganiso, kungenzeka ukuthi ekugcineni, sizoyithola ukuthi inhlanganisela yezinhlelo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezivela kulokho esikubiza ngokuthi ukuguga
Kunezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuguga, Lokhu kufaka:
- Izinkondlo ezihleliwe - Izinqubo ezihleliwe zokuguga zibambe ukuthi ukuguga kuyinkqubo eqondisiwe, inqubo evamile njengoba nje ukukhulelwa kuyinkqubo evamile yokuthuthukiswa.
- Iphutha lezinkomba - Iphutha lamakhophi akhomba ukuthi ukuguga akuyona into ehlelwe ukuthi yenzeke, kepha ukuguga kubangelwa uchungechunge lwezingozi.
Ama-subcategories, kanye nezixhumanisi ezihlokweni ezikhuluma ngalunye lalezi zinkombinkimbi ngokujula okukhulu zibalulwe ngezansi:
Izinhlelo ezihleliwe zokuguga zihlanganisa:
- Ihlelwe ukuguga (phenoptosis)
- I-endocrine (hormone) theory - I-hormone theory yokuguga
- Imfundiso ye- immunological yokuguga (futhi "ukuvuvukala")
Iphutha lezinkomba zokuguga zihlanganisa:
- Gqoka futhi uchithe inkolelo
- Isilinganiso sokuphila ngemfundiso yokuguga
- Inkolelo yamahhala ekhululekile yokuguga
- Iprotheyini ehlanganisa ukuqondisa ukuguga
- I-DNA ye-Somatic ilimaza inkolelo yokuguga
Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezinkambiso empeleni zihluke kakhulu komunye nomunye, njengokubuka komunye umuntu ukuguga njengenqubo yemvelo elandela umjikelezo "onempilo" emzimbeni, kuyilapho izintambo zephutha zibukeka ukuguga njengengozi kanye nenkinga okufanele ilandelwe. Ukungafani kulezi zindinganiso, ngakho-ke, kudlulela phambili kwezinto eziphilayo futhi kuba yingxoxo yefilosofi.
Ama-Basic Poetry of the Wear and Tear Theory of Aging
Ukugqoka nokudiliza i-theory ngokuyisisekelo kusho ukuthi imizimba yethu iphelelwa yisikhathi emva kwesikhathi.
Le mbono ingasenza kalula kithi njengoba sibukela izinto ezingapheli phakathi kwethu - kusukela ezimotweni zethu kuya ezembatho zethu - siphelelwe amandla futhi sisebenza kancane kancane.
Yini Ebangela Ukulimala Nokugqoka Okungaholela Ekugugeni?
Izinhlamba eziningi zingalimaza izinhlelo zomzimba. Ukuvezwa kwemisebe, ukushisa, nokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kungalimaza izakhi zethu zofuzo. Imiphumela yokusebenza komzimba wethu ingabangela nomonakalo. Lapho umzimba uhlanganisa i-oksijeni, ama-radicals mahhala akhiqizwa angabangela ukulimala kwamangqamuzana nama-tishu.
Kunezinhlelo ezithile zamaselula ezingaphenduki kuzo zonke izimpilo, njengezingqamuzana zesisindo zobuchopho.
Njengoba la maseli elahlekile, umsebenzi uzogcina ulahlekile. Njengezibili zamasokisi, angahlala isikhathi eside kakhulu ngaphambi kokuthi abe intambo noma athole umgodi. Ngenkathi bekwazi ukuzibamba, njengama-socks bangafakwa kuphela izikhathi eziningi ngaphambi kokuthi bangasebenzi.
Ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana aqhubeka ehlukanisa, i-DNA ingalondoloza umonakalo futhi amaphutha angabutha. Ngokumane nje isenzo sokuhlukanisa, ngokuphindaphindiwe, sinciphisa ama- telomeres ama-chromosomes , ekugcineni kuholele esitokisini se-senescent esingakwazi ukuhlukanisa.
Umonakalo ohlangene emangqamuzaneni kubangelwa ukuxhumanisa ukuvinjelwa kwamaprotheni, okubavimbela ekwenzeni imisebenzi abahloselwe ukuyenza kumaseli. Ama-radicals amahhala ngaphakathi kwe-mitochondria, ama-powerhouses amangqamuzana ethu, alimaza amangqamuzana awo eseceleni ukuze asebenze kahle.
Ubufakazi Nokuphikisana Nokugqoka Njengesizathu Sokuguga
Nakuba singase kuqala sisho nje ukuthi ukugqoka nokudiliza inkolelo "kunengqondo" kithi ngokusekelwe ekuqaphelisweni, kubalulekile ukuqhathanisa le mizwa yesisu nangokwazi ngokwesayensi ngomzimba nokuguga. Ngaphansi kwe-microscope, kunezinqubo ezithile ezisekela ukugqoka nokukhala njengento ebalulekile ekugugeni, kodwa okunye okutholayo okubiza umbuzo kule nqubo. Ake sibheke ubufakazi esinazo futhi ngokumelene nale mbono.
Ubufakazi Okusekela Ukugqoka Nokugcoba
Ukugqoka nokugqabisa inkolelo yokuguga kuhambisana kakhulu nokuqonda kwethu ukuthi senza kanjani. Eqinisweni, sivame ukusebenzisa igama elithi ukuguga kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kudala isikhathi esingakanani sokuchaza ukuwohloka okuqhubekayo komuntu noma into.
Ezingeni elibanzi, indaba yokugqoka nokugqabhuka ifana eduze neminye imithetho eyisisekelo yamakhemikhali kanye ne-physics, ye-entropy. Lo mthetho uthi zonke izinhlelo zithinta isimo se-entropy esandayo noma ukuhlehliswa okuqhubekayo.
Ngokubukeka, singathola izinguquko zesakhiwo ngokukhula esikhumbeni nasemathambo. Ezingeni leselula, kunemisebenzi eminingi eyancipha ngobudala. Ngisho nokudla okunempilo, amangqamuzana ethu anciphise ikhono lokuthatha izakhi ezineminyaka yobudala.
Ubufakazi Okuphikisana Nendondo Nokugcoba
Ubufakazi obuqine kakhulu obubhekene nokuqothulwa nokuqothula inkolelo ukuthi imizimba yethu inekhono elikhulu lokulungisa umonakalo. I-DNA yethu ifakwe izakhi zofuzo zokulungisa i-DNA (njengezifo zofuzo eziphefumulayo ) ezisebenza ukulungisa umonakalo wezakhi zofuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izifundo ziye zathola ukuthi inqubo yokuguga ingahle ishintshwe kancane noma iguqulwe ngokuphelele ngokushintsha nje i-microenvironment yamaseli noma izici ezithile ze-hormonal. Yiqiniso, akuwona wonke umonakalo ongalungiswa ngokugcwele, futhi amaphutha ekulungiseni angase aqoqe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Enye ingxabano ngokumelene nokugqoka nokuqothula izinkondlo amanothi ukuthi izinto eziphilayo esigabeni sabo sokukhula ziqina futhi zinamandla. Esikhundleni sokuqala ngenani eliphezulu lokusebenza, njengemoto ephuma emgqeni womhlangano noma ikhompyutha entsha ebhokisini, izilwane eziphilayo ngokuvamile ziqala ukuphila okubuthakathaka. Bakha amandla nokuqina lapho bekhula. Bakwazi ukulungisa nokufaka izingxenye eziningi eziphukile ngokwabo. Okokugcina, kunezimo ezithile lapho ukugabuka nokudabuka empeleni kwandisa isikhathi sokuphila.
Kodwa enye ingxabano ivela lapho ibuka isimo semvelo senyama. Kungani abaphilayo behluka kakhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane? Kungani ezinye izingwenya ziphila cishe kabili uma nje senza? Ukulwa nokuwohloka okuqhubekayo nokugabuka, kungani i-saumon, ngemva kokubhukuda okukhuphuka kwamanzi, ikhula bese ifa; kubonakala sengathi kunesisindo somzimba?
Ngaphansi Kwalokho Okubangela Ukuguga
Umbuzo wokuthi kungani ukuguga kwenzeka kwenzeka emuva kakhulu kunombono kaTeisman ohlongozwayo ngawo-1800. U-Shakespeare wakhuluma ngokuguga "eminyaka yakhe eyisikhombisa" futhi isikhathi eside ngaphambi kwalokho, sitshelwa encwadini kaGenesise ukuthi iminyaka yokuphila kwethu izobe iphelelwe ku-120.
Ngenkathi kubonakala sengathi ukugqoka nokuqothula inkolelo ekuqaleni kubonakala kungokwemvelo futhi kwenza umqondo omkhulu kuncike ekubonweni kwethu, kuyacaca ukuthi kunokunye okuningi okuqhubekayo emizimbeni yethu engakwazi ukuchazwa ngale mbono. Incazelo eyengeziwe, ngokusho kwabacwaningi abathile, ukuthi ukwehla kokusebenza okubonakala ngokuthi "ukukhahlela" ekufundiseni "ukugqoka nokuphumula" kuyimbangela ngempela, hhayi imbangela yokuguga.
Mhlawumbe ngokukhula kwethu ukuqonda izakhi zofuzo, sizoqoqa ulwazi olungcono ngalokho okubangela ukuthi imizimba yethu ikhule.
Yini Ongayenza Ngokusekelwe Kulokho Esikuziyo Ngokuguga?
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi inkolelo yokuguga ilungile, noma uma ukuguga kungu-total sum of theseories, umgomo weqiniso wukuthi sonke siyakhula. Ngisho noma singabonakali ukudlulela "iminyaka eyi-120" okukhulunywe ngayo kuGenesise, izinto ezithile zokuphila zingase zihoxise ukushona kwethu ngezinga, futhi okungenani, zisinike ikhwalithi engcono ebuningi bezimpilo zethu.
Izwi kusuka
Esikhundleni sokukunika esinye iseluleko (funda: i-yawn) ukuze udle kahle futhi usebenzise umzimba, sinikeza ithiphu elilodwa elikhethekile kusuka. Thola izindlela zokwenza impilo ephilile ibe mnandi . Yebo, kumnandi. Yiziphi izinhlobo zomsebenzi womzimba ezijabulisa wena ? Awukho umthetho othi udinga ukusikhathaza ngemisebenzi noma udle ukudla okuphazamisayo ukuze uhlale uphilile. Uma ingadidi oyithandayo, ingadi kude. Izinongo azifaki nje isithakazelo ekudleni (nokuphila) kodwa zigcwele ama-antioxidants.
Thatha isikhashana khona manje, bese uhlunga amafomu akho owathandayo womsebenzi nokudla okuthandayo okukuhle kuwe. Bese uya khona ujabule!
> Imithombo:
> Ioannidou, Q., Goulielmaki, E., noG. Garinis. Ukulimala kwe-DNA: Kusukela ekuvujisweni okungapheli ekudakaleni okuhlobene nobudala. Imingcele yeziGenetics . 7: 187.
> Jin, K. Izinkomba Zemvelo Zezinsuku Zokuguga. Ukuguga nokugula . 2010. 1 (2): 72-74.
> Katcher, H. Kubufakazi obusekelwe ebufakazini bokuguga. Isayensi ye-Aging yamanje . 2015. 8 (1): 46-55.
> Kumar, Vinay, Abul K. Abbas, uJon C. Aster noJames A. Perkins. I-Robbins ne-Cotran Pathologic Basic of Disease. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier / Saunders, 2015. Phrinta.
> Mitteldorf, J. Aging Akuyona Inqubo Yokugqoka Nokukhala. Ukuvuselelwa Ucwaningo . 2010. 13 (2-3): 322-6.