I i-immunological theory yokuguga ibonisa ukuthi inqubo yokuguga komuntu empeleni, ifomu eliphansi futhi elijwayelekile lohlobo lwe-auto-immune eside. Kulula nje, le ncazelo ithi izinga lokuguga, uchungechunge olunzima kakhulu lwezinqubo, lulawulwa kakhulu yisimiso somzimba sokuzivikela . Inqubo yokuguga yinkimbinkimbi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ayiqondi ngokugcwele emiphakathini yezokwelapha nesayensi.
Njengoba sijwayele ngokwengeziwe inqubo ngokwayo, asikaze sambule imbangela eyinhloko, lapho okukhona khona imibono efana ne-immunological theory yokuguga.
Okuyisisekelo se-Immunological Theory of Aging
Njengabantu beminyaka yobudala, sithola izinguquko eziningi cishe yonke imisebenzi yethu yomzimba, kuhlanganise nokuzivikela kanye nokusebenza komzimba. Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha baye bafakazela ukuthi umsebenzi wokuzivikela omzimba empeleni unciphisa ngeminyaka yobudala, okubangela ukuba wonke umuntu abe nempikiswano eyaziwa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu abadala kusukela engozini yezempilo eyingozi ngenxa yokutheleleka okuvamile njengomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane ukuze kwenzeke kakhulu izifo ezingapheliyo zokuvuvukala. Ngenkathi idatha idlulisa ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwamasosha omzimba okusebenzayo asebekhulile kungase kube uphawu lokuguga, abagqugquzeli be-immunological theory yokuguga baphinde baphendule ubuhlobo. Laba basosayensi bakholelwa ukuthi izimpawu zethu ezijwayelekile zokuguga njengezifo ezingapheli zibangelwa izinguquko ohlelweni lwezivikelo zomzimba.
Isistimu Yomzimba Ekhulile
Kuyaziwa ukuthi amasosha omzimba aguqukayo abonakala sengathi ahambisana nokuguga angaba nomthelela oqondile empilweni yomuntu. Amasosha omzimba ibalulekile ekugcineni imizimba yethu iphilile. Akusivikeli nje kuphela ngokumelene namagciwane nama-bacteria, futhi kusiza ukukhomba nokususa amaseli omdlavuza kanye ne-toxin.
Njengoba sikhula, amandla okulezi zakhi angabangela umonakalo emizimbeni yethu yanda.
Kodwa okungaziwa yilokho okubangela lezi zinguquko emsebenzini wokuzivikela komzimba nokuthi zithuthukisa kanjani futhi ziyaqhubeka kanjani. Kukhona idatha eqondile yomuntu ebonisa ukuthi ukukhubazeka okuphathelene nomdala okuhlobene nobudala, okungenani ngeyingxenye, kubangele futhi / noma kuchaze ezinye izici zezinto eziyaziwayo zokuguga.
Indlela Ukuguquka Kwamasosha Omzimba Kungabuthinta Ngayo Umzimba
Ngaphandle kokujwayela kakhulu amagciwane ajwayelekile kanye nokutheleleka kwamagciwane, lezi zinguquko zamasosha omzimba zinemithelela enkulu kakhulu.
Siyazi ukuthi njengoba sikhula, izinombolo zamaseli ezibucayi ohlelweni lokuzivikela omzimba ziyancipha futhi zisebenza kancane. Siphinde sazi ukuthi kusukela ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-20, i-thymus (okuyiyona ndawo yobuchopho obangela ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana omzimba omzimba) iqala ukunciphisa. Kodwa uma kuziwa emfundweni ye-immunological yokuguga, abanye emphakathini wesayensi yezokwelapha babhekisela ekwandeni ukuhlukahluka kwamagciwane omuntu njenge-culprit. Le mfundiso ithi le nqubo ehlukahlukene yokwanda noma ukuguqulwa kwamangqamuzana ekugugeni kungaholela ekugcineni ukwehluleka kokuqashelwa kwamangqamuzana kanye nokwehlukana kwezinhlelo ezithile zomzimba, okugcina ekubangela ukuphendula okufana nokuzimela okufana nokuvuvukala okungapheli.
Namuhla, ukuvuvukala okungapheli kukholakala ukuthi kubangelwa ukuphela kwezifo ezingapheli kanye nezibulalayo kusukela emdlalweni kuya ku- Alzheimer's .
I-Science of Aging
Imfundiso ye-immunological yokuguga ingumqondo owodwa ozama ukuchaza ukuthi kungani siphila nokuthi kanjani. Yize kunjalo ngokuqinisekile, ihlangabezana nezinqubo nezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu (ukuguga nokuzivikela) esingaziqondi ngokugcwele.
Imithombo:
Ukuguga Ngaphansi Kwe-Microscope; Izikhungo Zempilo Zesizwe, iNational Institute of Aging.
UFranceschi, uC., NoJ. Campisi. "Ukuvuvukala Okungahleliwe (Ukuvuvukala) kanye Nokunikezwa Kwakho Okunikezwayo Kuzifo Ezihlangene Nezikhathi." I-Journal of Gerontology Series A: Sciences Biological and Medical Sciences 69.Suppl 1 (2014).
Fulop, T., JM Witkowski, G. Pawelec, C. Alan, no-A. Larbi. "Emibonweni ye-Immunological of Aging." Izihloko ezihlukene phakathi kweGerontology 39 (2014): 163-76.
Walford, Roy L. "I-Immunologic Theory of Aging." I-Gerontologist 4.4 (1964): 195-97.