Ukushaywa yisifo kungukulimala kobuchopho obangelwa ukuphazamiseka kokugeleza kwegazi kuya ebuchosheni. Esikhathini esiningi, lokhu kungumphumela wokuvinjelwa kwegazi elijwayelekile, elibushelelezi ngenxa yemithwalo yegazi ewonakele ebuchosheni , enhliziyweni noma entanyeni. Imikhumbi yegazi ibonakaliswe ngenxa yezinkinga zesikhathi eside ezifana nokubhema, isifo sikashukela nomfutho wegazi ophakeme. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-cholesterol ephezulu kanye ne-triglycerides egazini zivame ukunamathela odongeni lwe-arteries, okuholela ekunciphiseni le mithini yegazi kanye nokwakhiwa kwegazi elingenalo impilo ephazamisa ukugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni, okwenza kube nesifo.
Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi isici esithinta igazi lomuntu empeleni siyisizathu sokushaya. Izifo zokugaya igazi zenza umuntu abe lula ukwenza ama-blood clots angenampilo, okuholela ekushayweni kwe-ischemic . Ukuphazamiseka kwezibilini kubangela ukuphuma ngokweqile, okungabangela ukushaywa komzimba . Iningi lezinkinga zegazi eziholela ekushayweni ifa, futhi ezimbalwa zibangelwa imithi. Thola okuningi mayelana nokuphazamiseka kwegazi okuvame ukuhoxiswa.
Isifo Samasosha Esigulayo
Isifo se-sickle cell yisinye sezifo zegazi ezivame kakhulu. Lesi sifo esibangela isimo esibizwa ngokuthi 'ugulayo' wamaseli obomvu. Ukugula lapho i-cell cell egazini iguquka ngokuzumayo ngesimo sayo esivamile, esiyindilinga futhi, esikhundleni salokho, iguqulwa ibe yinto engavamile, evulekile.
Uma umuntu onesifo se-sickle cell ehlangabezana nokugula noma ukutheleleka, lokhu kungabangela inkinga yeselula yegayile lapho amangqamuzana egazi abomvu egula futhi abe nethambeko lokwenza ama-blood clots.
Abantu abanesifo se-sickle cell bangama-2-3x amathuba okuba bahlaselwe isifo kunabantu abangenawo isifo segciwane. Futhi, umuntu onesifo se-sickle cell cishe uthola isifo sokushaya isifo ngesikhathi esincane kunabantu abangenawo isifo segellle cell.
Abantu abaningi abanesifo se-sickle cell baxilongwa ngesikhathi besencane, futhi ngokuvamile bayazi ukuthi banenkinga yesifo ngaphambi kokuba babe nesifo sohlangothi.
Uma une-sickle cell isifo, indlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokuvimbela isifo sokuvimbela ukuvimbela isifo se-sickle cell, okuyinto inselele impilo yonke.
Isifo se-sickle isifo esiyinzalo. I-X-linked-disorder disorder, okusho ukuthi uma umuntu ene-X chromosome eyimikhodi yesifo futhi enye i-X chromosome engayikhodi yilezi zinkinga, lowo muntu akalindelekile ukuthi abe nesifo. Njengoba, abesilisa bane-X kuphela ye-chromosome eyodwa, uma leyo khodi ye-X ye-chromosome ye-sickle cell isifo, khona-ke le nsizwa izoba nesifo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, owesifazane unama-chromosomes amabili ayi-2, ngakho-ke uma enye ye-chromosomes ye-X ikhombisa isifo se-sickle cell kanti enye i-X chromosome ayikho ikhodi yesifo, owesifazane ngeke abe nemiphumela egcwele yalesi sifo.
Ukuvalwa kwegazi kanye namaphrotheni Okungajwayelekile
Ukweqa ngegazi kuyindlela eyinkimbinkimbi yokuphendula igazi. Uma unobungozi, umzimba wakho udala ama-blood clots ukuvimbela ukulahleka kwegazi. Isibonelo, noma kunini lapho unesike esivulekile, umzimba wakho wenza i-clot yegazi ukumisa ukuphuma kwegazi. Lokhu kudinga inani lamaphrotheni namahomoni asebenza ngokushesha. Ngezinye izikhathi, amaprotheni abandakanyekayo ekwenzeni i-blood clots angadlulela noma angaphatheki kahle.
Lokhu ngokuvamile ngenxa yezinye zezifo zegazi zofuzo.
Izifo zofuzo ezivame kakhulu ezibangelwa ukwenziwa ngokweqile kwe-clot yegazi zifaka okulandelayo:
- I-hyperhomocysteinemia etholakale
- Amaprotheni C noma ukuntuleka kwe-S
- Ukuguqulwa kwe-Factor V Leiden
- I-Methyl-tetrahydro-folate-reductase (i-MTHFR)
- Ukuguqulwa kwe-C677T
- Anticardiolipin antibodies
- Lupus anticoagulant
- I-Thrombocytosis
- I-G20210A i-prothrombin gene mutation
- I-Fibrinogen, i-factor XIII ye-gene engavamile
Zonke lezi zinkinga zokuvala igazi azivamile. Kodwa-ke, uma othile enesifo esingahlongozwayo ngaphandle kwesici esicacile, ikakhulukazi uma umuntu esemncane, ukuphazamiseka kwesifo segazi kungaba imbangela yesifo.
Amashabhu avamile ezokwelapha awafakelwa ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okubandakanyeka kulezi zifo, futhi imiphumela yokuhlolwa yezifo zokweqa igazi ngokuvamile kuthatha isikhathi eside ukubuyela. Eziningi zalezi zinkinga zokuvimbela igazi zihlobo, ngakho-ke, njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kwalezi zifo ezingavamile zegazi, udokotela wakho angase abuze ukuthi unomlando womndeni wezindwangu ezingavamile zegazi, noma ngabe unezinkinga zokuhambisa.
Izinkinga zokuphuza
Izinkinga zokuphuza zenza kube nzima emzimbeni wakho ukwenza i-clot yegazi enempilo. Uma une-bleeding disorder, ungase ugeze isikhathi eside kunalindelekile ngemuva kokuthola ukusika. Ezinye zezinkinga zegazi ezibangelwa ukuphuma kwegazi ngokweqile kuthiwa i-hemophilia. Ukukhipha isisu ebuchosheni kuyinkimbinkimbi engavamile yezinkinga ezithile zokuphuma kwegazi. Lezi ziphazamiso zibhekene nokuntuleka kwiprotheni eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ukuthi umzimba wakho udinga ukwakha i-clot yegazi enempilo.
Kuyinto engavamile ukuba neyodwa yalezi zinkinga eziphaphayo, futhi phakathi kwabantu abanezifo, akuvamile ukuba nesifo sosizi ngenxa yalokho. Ukuntuleka kokuphuma kwegazi okuhambisana nesifo esibuhlungu kuhlanganisa ukuhluleka okukhulu kwe-FV, FX, FVII neFXIII. Udokotela wakho angahle ahlele izivivinyo zodwa noma eziningi zalezi zinkinga uma unomzimba ophuthumayo, ongahlongozwayo (ugaye) ebuchosheni. Ngezinye izikhathi, udokotela wakho angalalela kuqala ukuhlolwa kwe-prothrombin time (PT) noma isikhathi sesikhathi se-thromboplastin (PTT) noma 'isikhathi sokukhipha' ukuze ubone ukuthi unenkinga yokuphuma igazi evimbela igazi lakho ukuba lingasebenzi kahle.
I-Cancer
I-Cancer ithinta umzimba ngezindlela eziningi. Enye yalezo zindlela ukwenza igazi lilungele ukwenza ama-clots amaningi ngokwegazi. Abantu abanomdlavuza banamathele emagatsheni egazi okungabangela ukumbumbulana kwamapulmathi nokushaya. Eqinisweni, abantu abanomdlavuza banamaphesenti angama-20 okwandisa ingozi yokushaywa yisifo. Lokhu kungaba umphumela we-chemotherapy, kodwa umdlavuza ngokwawo ungenza umzimba ube lula kakhulu.
Akuvamile ukuthi umuntu onomdlavuza abe nesifo ngaphambi kokuba umdlavuza utholakale. Kodwa-ke, uma othile enesifo esingaqondakali, ithimba lezokwelapha lingase lihlole umdlavuza ukuze libone ukuthi lokho kungaba yini incazelo ye-stroke engachazwanga. Uma une-stroke engachazeki, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-cryptogenic stroke, ungase ube nokuhlolwa kwegazi eziningana ukuze ubone ukuthi kukhona yini incazelo yezokwelapha ngenxa yesifo sokushaya i-cryptogenic, njengesifo segazi noma umdlavuza.
Igazi le-Side Thinner Side Effects
Abanqamuki begazi badinga imishanguzo yokuvimbela ama-blood clots. Ukukhipha igazi kungenye yemiphumela emibi kakhulu yegazi elincane . Yize kungavamile ukuba igazi elincane lidale igazi ekuphethweni, lingase libe yinkimbinkimbi yegazi elincane. Lokhu kuthiwa yi-stroke enegazi, kanti kungenzeka ukuthi kungenzeka uma umthamo wegazi ophansi unamandla kakhulu.
I-Hormone Therapy
Amaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha kanye nesifo se-estrogen-based noma i-testosterone-based based hormone therapy iye yahlotshaniswa noshintsho olwandayo lokuba nama-blood clots, kuhlanganise nokushaya. Ingozi yokuba nesifo sokushaya isisu ngenxa yamaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha aphansi kakhulu, nakuba inhlanganisela yokubhema kanye namaphilisi okulawula ukuzalwa kuphakamisa leyo ngozi. Ubuhlobo phakathi kwe-hormone therapy esikhundleni kanye nesifo sohlangothi luyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ungathola kabanzi mayelana nesixhumanisi phakathi kwesisu nokusetshenziswa kwama-hormone ajwayelekile esetshenziswa njenge- estrogen , i-erythropoietin, ne- testosterone .
Ukugqithiswa kwe-Vitamin noma i-Herb
Kukhona amavithamini ambalwa namagciwane angathinta ukugaya igazi, okuholela ekuhlakalweni kwe-ischemic noma isifo esiyingozi. Okubaluleke kakhulu, i-vitamin K, ingxenye engokwemvelo yemifino eluhlaza, isekela ngokujwayelekile, i-blood clotting enempilo. Ukwedlula ngokweqile ku-vitamin K, ngokusebenzisa amaphilisi noma imijovo kungabangela ama-blood clots ayingozi. Amanye amakhambi afana ne-gingko kanye ne-ginger angabangela ukwedlulela ngokweqile kwegazi, ikakhulukazi kubantu asebevele bethatha igazi abagcini begazi njenge-aspirin. Kungcono ukugcina ukulinganisela uma uthatha amavithamini namakhambi. Ungathola kabanzi mayelana nokuthi amavithamini namagciwane asithinta kanjani ubuchopho.
> Imithombo:
> Martínez-martínez M, Cazorla-García R, Rodríguez de Antonio LA, Martinez-sánchez P, Fuentes B, Diez-tejedor E. [I-Hypercoagulability and Ischemic Stroke Ezilwelweni Ezincane]. I-Neurologia . 2010; 25 (6): 343-8.
> Siboni SM, Zanon E, uSottilotta G, et al. Ukuvotela Kwemvelo Okuphakathi Kweziguli Eziphethwe Izifo Eziphuthumayo Ezivamile. I-haemophilia . 2012; 18 (1): 34-8.
> Strouse JJ, Lanzkron S, Urrutia V. I-Epidemiology, Ukuhlola Nokuphathwa Kwe-Stroke Kwabantu Abadala abanezifo zeSickle Sickle. Uchwepheshe we-Rev Hematol . 2011; 4 (6): 597-606.
> Taccone FS, i-Jeangette SM, i-Blecic SA. Okokuqala-Noma Yonke Ukushaywa Ngokweqile Njengokuqala Kwethulwa Kwe-Cancer System. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis . 2008; 17 (4): 169-74.