Ukushaywa ngeso lengqondo kungase kubonakale njengesenzakalo esingalindelekile. Futhi, ngokuyinhloko, akunakulinganiswa. Akekho ongakwazi ukubikezela ukuthi kuzokwenzeka nini ukushaywa yisifo. Kodwa kunezindlela ezithile zokunquma ukuthi ngabe kungenzeka kangakanani noma kungenzeka ukuthi unomdlavuza. Ezinye izivivinyo zezokwelapha ezilula, ngisho nokuhlolwa okumbalwa ongakwenza ngokwakho kungakusiza ukuthi ubone ukuthi usengozini enkulu yokushaywa yisifo.
Ukuthola umqondo wokuthi kufanele ube nesifo sokushaya isisindo kubalulekile ngoba izici eziningi eziyingozi zengozi zingaguquguquka noma ziguquke kancane. Ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kungakusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwesenzo okudingayo ukuthatha ukuze unciphise ingozi yokuba nesifo sohlangothi.
I-Auscultation Yenhliziyo
Uma udokotela wakho elalela inhliziyo yakho usebenzisa i-stethoscope, imisindo inhliziyo yakho eyenza ingasiza udokotela wakho ukuthi abone ukuthi unenkinga ebandakanya enye yamagundane enhliziyo yakho noma ngabe unesilinganiso esingavamile nesigqi senhliziyo yakho. Izinkinga ze-valve yenhliziyo kanye nezinkinga zemizwa yenhliziyo ziyaziwa ukuthi ziholele ezitsheni zegazi zokukhiqiza isisu. Ngenhlanhla, isifo se-valve senhliziyo kanye nokungahambi kahle kwenhliziyo kuyaphathwa uma kutholakala.
Kwezinye izimo, uma unomsindo wenhliziyo engavamile, kungase kudingeke ukuba uhlolwe ngokuqhubekayo nokuhlolwa kwesifo senhliziyo, njengokuthi i-electrocardiogram (EKG) noma i-echocardiogram.
EKG
I-EKG ilingisa isigqi senhliziyo yakho ngokusebenzisa ama-discs amancane ensimbi aphezulu kakhulu esikhumbeni esifubeni. Isivivinyo esingenabuhlungu, i-EKG ayifaki izinaliti noma imijovo futhi ayidingi ukuthi uthathe noma yimiphi imithi. Uma une-EKG, kusetshenzwa amagagasi aphethwe ikhompiyutha, okuhambisana nenhliziyo yakho.
Le ndlela yokuvuthwa, enganyatheliswa ephepheni, ithela odokotela bakho ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nendlela inhliziyo yakho isebenza ngayo. Isilinganiso senhliziyo esingavamile noma isigqi senhliziyo esingavamile singakubeka engozini yokushaya isifo.
Enye yezinhliziyo ezingavamile kakhulu, ukufiphaza kwe-atrial, kwandisa ukwakheka kwegazi lapho kungena khona ebuchosheni, okwenza kube nesifo sohlangothi. I-fibrillation ye-atrial akuyona into engavamile futhi iyisimo senhliziyo esingenaphutha esingavamile. Ngesinye isikhathi, abantu abathintekayo abane-fibrillation ye-atrial kudingeka ukuba bathathe igazi elincane ukuze banciphise amathuba okuba nesifo sohlangothi.
I-Echocardiogram
I-echocardiogram ayiyona into efana nezinye izivivinyo kulolu hlu. I-echocardiogram ayithathwa njengesivivinyo sokuhlola, futhi isetshenziselwa ukuhlola izinkinga zezinhliziyo ezithile ezingenakuhlolwa ngokugcwele ngenhloso yokushaya inhliziyo kanye ne-EKG. I-echocardiogram uhlobo lwenhliziyo ultrasound esetshenziswa ukugcina ukunyakaza kwenhliziyo. Isithombe esishukumisayo senhliziyo yakho esenzweni, futhi asidingi izinaliti noma izijovo. I-echocardiogram ithatha isikhathi eside ukuqedela kune-EKG. Uma une-echocardiogram, udokotela wakho angase atusa ukubonisana nomuntu we-cardiologist, ongudokotela ohlola futhi olawula isifo senhliziyo.
Ukushaya kwegazi
Abantu abangaphezu kwezingu-3/4 abantu ababhekana nesifo sohlangothi banesifo somfutho wegazi, okuye kwachazwa isikhathi eside njengengcindezi yegazi ephakeme kunama-140mmHg / 90 mmHg. Imihlahlandlela yakamuva evuselelwe yokwelapha umfutho wegazi ophezulu yinconywa ukuncoma ukucindezeleka kwegazi le-systolic noma ngaphansi kwesibalo se-120 mmHg. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma usutshelwe ngaphambilini ukuthi une-'orderline 'yomshuwalense, ukucindezeleka kwegazi kungase kube ngaphansi kwesigaba somfutho wegazi ophezulu. Futhi, uma uthatha imithi yokulawula ukucindezelwa kwegazi, ungadinga ukulungiswa kwenzalo yakho yesiguli ukuze ufinyelele incazelo entsha yomsindo wegazi ophezulu.
Ukushisa komzimba kusho ukuthi ukucindezeleka kwegazi kuphakanyisiwe njalo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kuholela ezifweni zemithambo yegazi enhliziyweni, emithanjeni ye-carotid kanye nemithambo yegazi ebuchosheni , konke okubangelwa ukushaywa yisifo. I-hypertension yisimo sezokwelapha esilawulekayo. Abanye abantu basuke benesifo somfutho wegazi ophezulu, futhi kunezici ezithile zokuphila ezithinta futhi zikhuphumele umfutho wegazi ophakeme. Ukuphathwa kwengcindezi ephakeme yegazi kuhlanganisa ukulawulwa kokudla, ukuvinjelwa kasawoti, ukuphathwa kwesisindo, ukucindezeleka nokulawulwa kwemithi kadokotela.
I-Carotid Auscultation
Unamabhereri amakhulu, okuthiwa i-carotid arteries, entanyeni yakho. Imithambo ye-carotid ihambisa igazi ebuchosheni bakho. Izifo zalezi zintathu ziholela ekusungulweni kwezindwangu zegazi ezingakwazi ukuya ebuchosheni. Lezi zindwangu zegazi zibangela ukushaywa ngokuphazamisa ukugeleza kwegazi kuya emithanjeni yobuchopho. Ngokuvamile, udokotela wakho angatshela ukuthi eyodwa noma zombili izifo zakho ze-carotid zinesifo ngokulalela ukugeleza kwegazi entanyeni yakho nge-stethoscope.
Ngokuvamile, uma unemisindo engavamile ekhombisa ukuthi isifo se-carotid, uzodinga ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo, okufana ne-carotid ultrasound noma i-carotid angiogram, ukuze uqhubeke uhlola impilo yemithambo yakho ye-carotid. Ngezinye izikhathi, uma isifo se-carotid isifo esikhulu, ungadinga ukulungiswa okuhlinzekwa ukuvimbela isifo.
Izinga lamafutha kanye ne-cholesterol
Amazinga akho egazi we-cholesterol namafutha angalinganiswa kalula ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okulula. Kule minyaka, kunengxoxo enkulu mayelana 'namafutha amahle' kanye 'namafutha ambi' ekudleni kwakho. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ucwaningo lwezokwelapha luye lwambulwa kancane kancane ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zamafutha ezithinta amafutha e-cholesterol kanye ne-triglycerides egazini. Abanye abantu baningi kakhulu kunamazinga aphezulu namafutha e-cholesterol ngenxa yezakhi zofuzo. Noma kunjalo, amazinga aphezulu egazi we-triglycerides kanye ne-LDL cholesterol yingozi engozini, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imbangela iyigciwane noma yokudla. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amafutha amaningi kanye ne-cholesterol ingaholela ezifweni zamasculazi futhi zingabangela ekubunjweni kwezindwangu zegazi, okubangela ukushaywa nokushaya kwenhliziyo.
Iziqondiso zamanje zamanoni aphezulu wegazi kanye namazinga e-cholesterol yilezi:
* Ngaphansi kwe-150 mg / dL ye-triglycerides
* Ngaphansi kwe-100 mg / dL ye-LDL
* Ngaphezulu kuka-50 mg / dl ye-HDL
* Ngaphansi kwe-200 mg / dL ye-cholesterol esiphelele
Thola okuningi mayelana namazinga akho amahle namafutha we-cholesterol futhi ufunde kabanzi mayelana nemikhombandlela yamanje yamafutha ne-cholesterol ekudleni kwakho . Uma usukhulule amazinga we-fat ne-cholesterol, kufanele wazi ukuthi lezi yimiphumela ephathekayo nokuthi unganciphisa amazinga akho ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela yokudla, ukuzivocavoca, kanye nemithi.
I-Blood Sugar
Abantu abanesifo sikashukela banamathuba amabili kuya kathathu amathuba okuba nesifo ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abanesifo sikashukela banamathuba okuba nesifo sokushaya isifo ngesikhathi esincane kunabangabesifo sikashukela. Kunezivivinyo eziningana ezivame ukusetshenziswa ukukala ushukela wegazi. Lezi zivivinyo zisetshenziselwa ukunquma ukuthi ngabe unesifo sikashukela esingatholakali noma isifo sikashukela esasifukelwe.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi lokudla kwegazi kwegazi kubeka izinga lakho legazi legazi emva kwamahora angu-8 okuzila ukudla kokudla nokuphuza. Olunye uhlolo lwegazi, i-hemoglobin A1c test, lihlola umthelela wezinga lakho jikelele le-glucose emzimbeni wakho esikhathini esingamaviki ayisithupha kuya ku-12 ngaphambi kokuthatha ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Ukugaya i-glucose ne-hemoglobin imiphumela ye-A1c ingasetshenziselwa ukunquma ukuthi unesifo sikashukela esingasemkhawulweni, isifo sikashukela sokuqala, noma isifo sikashukela esingazange siphundule. Isifo sikashukela yisifo esingelashwa esingaphathwa ngokudla, imithi noma kokubili.
Ukuzinakekela Kuzimele
Lokhu akulona 'uhlolo' oluningi njengoba kunquma ukuthi ungakwazi yini ukuzibandakanya ekuzinakekeleni njalo noma cha. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ikhono lakho lokwenza imisebenzi efana nokugqoka, ukuxubha amazinyo akho, ukugeza, ukuzinakekela ukuhlanzeka kwakho siqu nokuzidla. Ikhono lokunciphisa ukuziqeda ngokuzimela le misebenzi liye laboniswa ukuthi liyi-predictor. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ukhulume nodokotela wakho uma uqaphela ukuthi wena noma othandekayo wakho ulahlekelwa kancane kancane ikhono lokusingatha ukunakekelwa. Ungacwaninga ukuze uthole kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ukuzinakekela kungasetshenziswa kanjani ukukala ingozi yakho yokushaya isifo .
Isivinini sokuhamba
Ucwaningo olulodwa lwesayensi oluvela e-Albert Einstein College of Medicine olubheke ngesivinini sokuhamba samadoda angu-13 000 lathola ukuthi labo abahamba ngesivinini esheshayo behamba ngesivinini esikhulu se-stroke engama-67% kunelabo abahamba ngesivinini sokuhamba ngokushesha. Ukuhamba kuncike ezintweni eziningana njengokuqina kwamasipha, ukubambisana, ukulinganisela kanye nenhliziyo nomsebenzi wamaphaphu. Ngakho-ke, nakuba kungase kungabi nanoma yikuphi ukubaluleka 'ukusheshisa' ukuhamba kwakho nje ukuze uyasheshise, ukuhamba kancane kuyifulegi elibomvu elingase libonise ingozi enkulu yokushaya isisu.
Izindlela eziqondile zokuhamba ezisetshenziswe ngu-Albert Einstein College of Medicine zichaze isivinini sokuhamba esisheshayo njengamamitha angu-1,24 ngomzuzwana, isivinini sokuhamba esijwayelekile njengama-1.06-1.24 amamitha ngomzuzwana kanye nesivinini sokuhamba kancane ngokuhamba kancane kunamamitha angu-1.06 ngomzuzwana.
Ukuma Ngomunye Umlenze
Abacwaningi baseJapane bashicilele imiphumela yocwaningo lwesayensi oluphetha ngokuthi ukukwazi ukuma emlenzeni owodwa isikhathi eside kunamasekhondi angu-20 kungenye inkomba enganquma amathuba omuntu wokuba nesifo sohlangothi. Ucwaningo lubuthole ukuthi abantu abadala abangakwazi ukuma emlenzeni owodwa isikhathi eside kunamasekhondi angu-20 bavame ukuba nomlando wezinhlangothi zokuthula. Izibhamu ezinomsindo ziyimivimbo engeke ibangele izimpawu ezibonakalayo zezinzwa, kodwa zingase zibe nemiphumela emnene noma engaqondakali njengokwenyuka kwemali, imemori, nokuzinakekela. Ngokuvamile, izimpembezo ezicashile zesifo sohlangothi zingabonakali, ngakho-ke umuntu oye wabetha izibilini ngokungaziqondi ngokuvamile akazi. Kodwa, uma uke wahlaselwa isifo esisodwa, lokhu kusho ukuthi usengozini yokushaya isisu nokuthi kufanele uqale ukuthatha isinyathelo ukuze ukhulume nodokotela wakho ngezindlela zokunciphisa amathuba okuba nesifo sohlangothi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunemikhuba eminingi yokuphila enganciphisa amathuba okuba nesifo sohlangothi.
Imithombo:
Ukuhlukana kocansi ekuqapheleni kwesifo sobuchopho: isimo samanje, u-Alyana A Samai noSheryl Martin-Schild, Impilo yeVascular Health and Risk Management, July 2015
Isivinini sokuhamba kanye nobungozi besigameko sokuhlukunyezwa kwesisemikhali phakathi kwabesifazane be-postmenopausal, i-McGinn AP, i-Kaplan RC, i- Verghese J, i-Rosenbaum DM, i-Psaty BM, i-Baird AE, i-Lynch JK, i-Wolf PA, i-Kooperberg C, i-Larson JC, i-Wassertheil-Smoller S, iSroke, ngo-2008