Izimbangela Ze-Stroke
I-stroke ivele ngokuzumayo futhi ingase ibe nemiphumela emibi futhi eyingozi. Kodwa kuyilapho izici ezibonakalayo zesifo sokushaya isifo zihlasela ngokungazelelwe, ngemuva kwalokho izigameko zokushaya isifo zibangelwa yinani lezinto ezihamba kancane kancane eminyakeni edlule. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izimbangela zokushaywa komzimba ziqondwa kahle.
Iningi labantu ababhekana nesifo sokushaya isifo sinesisindo esingaphezu kwesisodwa. Kukhona nokunye okuhle okukhona phakathi kwezimbangela zesifo, njengoba ezinye zezimbangela zokushaywa komzimba ziholela nakwezinye izimo ezithinta ingozi yokushaya, okwenza kube nomjikelezo ononya.
Nokho, eziningi zezimbangela zokushaywa komzimba zivimbela noma okungenani zilawulwa.
Isifo senhliziyo
Isifo senhliziyo yisisusa esihamba phambili sokushaya, njengoba zonke izinhliziyo zithumela igazi enhliziyweni kuwo wonke umzimba. Uma i-clot yegazi ikhiqiza enhliziyweni ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo esingajwayelekile (i-arrhythmia) noma isifo se-valve senhliziyo, i-clot ingahamba kalula ebuchosheni, ingavimbela ukugeleza kwegazi nokukhiqiza isifo.
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Izisindo Zezinhlekelele Ze-Stroke
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Indlela Ukuphuza Ngamandla Ngamanzi Kungabangela Izinkinga Zezokwelapha Ezibucayi
Izifo ezibizwa nge-Artery Disease
Lapho izitsha zegazi ebuchosheni (izitsha ze-cerebral) zingabi nempilo futhi zingavamile, i-clot yegazi ingabanjwa phakathi kwabo, iphazamise ukugeleza kwegazi futhi ibangele isifo. Imishanguzo ebuchosheni ingase ibonakale yonakaliswa ngenxa yomsindo ophakeme wegazi, i-cholesterol ephezulu, isifo sikashukela, nokubhema.
I-Carotid Artery Disease
Imithambo ye-carotid yimizimba emibili enkulu kunazo zonke futhi ebaluleke kunazo zonke ehambisa igazi kusuka enhliziyweni kuya ebuchosheni. Zingaba ezincane, ezinzima, futhi zigcwele izidumbu eziyingozi ngenxa yezifo ezinjenge-hypertension, isifo sikashukela, namazinga aphezulu namafutha e-cholesterol.
Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi igazi linikezwe ebuchosheni ukuba lenziwe ngokweqile noma, ezimweni ezinzima, kuvinjelwe ngokuphelele.
Enye indlela i-carotid artery isifo esibangela ukushaywa yilapho izidakamizwa ezakha ngaphakathi kwemithambo ye-carotid zivuleka futhi zihambela ebuchosheni, zivimbela isitsha se-cerebral futhi zidale isifo. Ukuhlinzwa kungasiza ukulungisa isifo se-carotid artery nokunciphisa ingozi yokushaywa yisifo.
I-hypertension
Umfutho wegazi ophezulu ongapheli ubeka imithwalo yegazi emzimbeni wonke. Ukushisa ngokweqile kungenye yezimbangela zesifo se-arterium ne-carotid isifo somzimba kanye nezifo ze-artery of the heart. Lezi zimo zingase zithuthuke kancane kancane eminyakeni edlule uma ukucindezeleka kwegazi kungaphenduliwe.
I-Hypertension embi
Iziqephu ze-hypertension ngokweqile zingenzeka ngokuzumayo, ikakhulu ngenxa yomphumela wokushisa ngokweqile noma izidakamizwa. Ukwehla komfutho wegazi ophezulu kungabangela isifo ngezindlela ezimbalwa. Kubangela ukuthi imithwalo yegazi igwebe, ivinjise ukugeleza kwegazi, futhi ibangele ukushaya.
I-hypertension engafanele ingabangela nokuthi umkhumbi wegazi uphuze noma uqhume, okwenza kube nesifo esibuhlungu. Imithambo yegazi engaphelele ebuchosheni ijwayele ukuphuka ekubekeni kwegazi eliphakeme elibi.
Isifo sikashukela
Isifo sikashukela yisimiso esenza kube nzima emzimbeni ukugcina izinga lokushukela elivamile legazi. Uma umuntu onesifo sikashukela esingalawulwa njalo anezinga eliphezulu lamanzi e-glucose aphezulu, ukuguquka kwesimiso somzimba emzimbeni kungalimaza imishanguzo, kubangele isifo esingasebenzi, isifo se-carotid isifo, kanye nezifo ze-artery of the heart. Konke lokho kwandisa kakhulu ithuba lokuba nesifo sohlangothi.
Ukubhema
Ukubhema kungenye yezimbangela ezivinjelwa kakhulu zesifo sohlangothi. Amakhemikhali e-smoke kagare awaziwa ukuthi ayinobuthi emaphashini. Kodwa abantu abaningi abaqapheli ukuthi ukubhema kulimaza ukugeleza kwangaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi emzimbeni wonke, okwenza ukuba bagxumeke, bomelele futhi banciphise. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuthi ama-clots egazi akha futhi angene ngaphakathi kwe-arteries. Ukubhema kunomthelela enhliziyweni yesifo senhliziyo, isifo somswakama ongasasebenzi, nesifo se-carotid artery.
I-Cholesterol Ephakeme Nezinga Le-Triglyceride
I-cholesterol ephakeme iyingozi kakhulu eyaziwayo yokushaywa yisifo, kanti indima ye-triglycerides ephezulu njengesizathu sokushaywa yisifo ixabana kakhulu, ngezifundo ezithile ezibonisa inhlangano nabanye hhayi. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ukwanda kwe-cholesterol kanye ne-triglyceride kulimaza ngaphakathi kwemithwalo yegazi emzimbeni wonke, okwenza kube lula ukuthi ama-blood clots angene ngaphakathi kwe-arteries futhi avimbele ukugeleza kwegazi okuvamile. Futhi ukunamathela kwamakhemikhali egazini e-cholesterol namafutha okwenza kube lula ukuthi ama-blood clots azokwakha kuqala.
Ama- cholesterol anconyiwe namazinga we-triglyceride asungulwe kahle. Amazinga ngenhla amazinga anconywe ahlotshaniswa kakhulu nesifo sohlangothi. Ukuphikisana okukhulu mayelana namazinga wegazi we-cholesterol namafutha kuwukuthi la mazinga angumkhiqizo wokudla, i-genetics, noma enye into. Ngisho nokucwaninga kwesayensi kunezimo eziphikisanayo, okuphakamisa ukuthi ukudla kunomthelela omkhulu, umthelela olinganiselayo, ngisho ngisho nomthelela emafutheni egazi ne-cholesterol yegazi.
Ngokuqinisekile, ukudla okucebile izithelo nemifino esisha nokulinganisela ngamafutha angokwemvelo-okungafani nokukhiqizwa ngendlela efanele-kuyisimiso esihle sesithupha.
Ukukhuluphala
Isayensi ibonisa ukuthi i- BMI engaphezu kuka-30 ixhunyaniswe nengozi ephezulu yokushaywa yisifo. Ngokuthakazelisayo, inzuzo eqoshiwe kakhulu yokubhaliswa kwesisindo iyancipha ingozi yokushaywa yisisu.
Indlela yokuphila yama-Sedentary
Kwabanye, ukungabi khona kwemisebenzi kuyimbangela emangalisayo yokushaywa yisifo. Noma kunjalo, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukungasebenzi kungabangela ukushaya isisu ngaphandle kokukhuluphala ngokweqile, i-cholesterol ephakeme, nomfutho wegazi ophezulu. Kuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi ukuvivinya umzimba okulinganiselwe kuhlotshaniswa kakhulu nokuvimbela isifo.
Ukucindezeleka ngokweqile
Ukukhathazeka isikhathi eside nokukhathazeka kuguqula ama-hormone emzimbeni wakho, okwenza ukuba ube nomfutho wegazi ophezulu kanye nesifo senhliziyo. Eqinisweni, ukuphazamiseka kokucindezeleka ngemuva kokudabuka kuhlotshaniswa nethuba elikhulayo lokuba nesifo, ngisho nangemva kokuba umthombo wokuqala wokuhlukumezeka usuphelile. Ezinye izinto ezicindezelayo zokuphila, okufaka phakathi amahora omsebenzi omningi , umsebenzi wokushintsha umsebenzi , kanye nokukhathazeka komndeni nazo zihlobene kakhulu nethuba elandayo lokuba nesifo sohlangothi.
Izidakamizwa
Izidakamizwa ezihlukahlukene ezivame ukuhlukunyezwa ziyaziwa ukuthi zidale isifo. Ezinye izidakamizwa zibangela ukulimala ngenkathi zisetshenziswa, kuyilapho ezinye zikhiqiza umonakalo ngokomzimba emzimbeni, okwenza kube nesifo ngemuva kokusetshenziswa okuningi. I-Cocaine, ngokwesibonelo, idala ukushaywa ngokungazelelwe ngenxa yokuthambekela kwayo yokwenza imithwalo yegazi iqhume ngokuphazamiseka, ivimba ukugeleza kwegazi enhliziyweni noma ebuchosheni. Ukusetshenziswa okuphindaphindiwe kwe- methamphetamine , ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuveza umonakalo wesikhathi eside ophakamisa amathuba okuba nesifo sohlangothi. Ukusetshenziswa kokuphuza ngokweqile , okudakayo kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nesifo sohlangothi.
Ukuphazamiseka Kwegazi
Izimo zokuvala igazi kanye nokuphazamiseka kwegazi ngokuvamile zifa. Ukuphila ngengculazi kwandisa ubungozi bokushaya ischemic and stroke. Iziphazamiso zegazi kufanele zilawulwe ngokucophelela ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwezempilo eseduze.
Izifo
Nakuba zivamile, ukutheleleka okusakazeka kuwo wonke umzimba (sepsis) kungashintsha ukugeleza kwegazi ngendlela ekhulisa amathuba okugaya igazi okwenza noma kuphi emzimbeni, kufaka phakathi ubuchopho.
Izifo ezizimele ngokuzenzakalela
Izifo eziningi ezizimele zihlotshaniswa nobungozi obukhulu bokuba nesifo sohlangothi. Ngokuvamile lokhu kubangelwa ukuthambekela okwandayo kokwenza ama-blood clots futhi, ngokuyisimanga, ukuthambekela okwandayo kokuthola ukuphuma kwegazi.
Izifo Ezibucayi Eziyisimiso
Izimo zempilo ezinzima ezifana nokuhluleka kwezinso, ukuhluleka kwesibindi, nokuhlukunyezwa okukhulu kungabangela ukuguqulwa okuphawulekayo emisebenzini yomzimba okudinga ukwelashwa okunakekelwa isikhathi eside. Umzimba uvame ukubhekana nobunzima ekuvumelaneni nezifo ezinkulu zesistimu. Futhi enye yemiphumela yokuphazanyiswa okukhulu komzimba kungaba yingozi, okuqhubekayo ihambisane nesimo esinzima kakade.
Izwi elivela
Kunezimbangela eziningi zezidakamizwa ezaziwayo. Iningi lalezi zinto eziyingozi kubangelwa izindlela eziqondakala kahle futhi ezingasilungiselela ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela.
Iningi lezimbangela zokushaywa komzimba zithinta futhi zithinte. Lokho kusho ukuthi uma ubhekana nenye, uzokwenyula ngesikhathi esisodwa noma ngaphezulu kwezinye izimbangela zesifo. Isibonelo, ukuthatha imithi yesifo sikashukela ukulawula ama-glucose amazinga egazi kungaphazamisa ukuphathwa kwesisindo, amazinga e-hormone, nezinye izici ezivame ukubangela isifo senhliziyo nesifo sohlangothi. Ngokufanayo, uma uzivocavoca ukugwema isifo, uzozibophezela ekuvimbeleni kokubili ukucindezeleka nokukhuluphala.
Ukuzijwayeza ngezimbangela zengozi kungaba yisivikelo esingcono kunazo zonke esikhathini eside ukuze unciphise futhi ugweme ingozi. Ukuvimbela ukushaywa komzimba kuye kwaboniswa ukwengeza isilinganiso seminyaka engu-12.5 empilweni yakho.
Umthombo:
Arboix A, Jiménez C, Massons J, Parra O, Besses C, izifo ze-Hematological: imbangela evame ukungaziwa ye-stroke ephawulekayo. Ukubuyekezwa kobuchwepheshe beHematology . 2016; 9 (9): 891-901.