Ngo-February 2016, iNhlangano YezeMpilo Yomhlaba yamemezela izimo eziphuthumayo zezempilo zomhlaba jikelele (PHEIC) ngokusabalala kweZika eNtshonalanga Yezwe. Kusukela ngoNovemba 18, 2016, kuye kwabikwa ngaphezulu.
Isimo Esiphuthumayo Sezempilo Somphakathi Sokukhathazeka Emhlabeni Wonke
Kuyinto Emergency Health Emergency of International Concern. Lesi simemezelo esihlelekile esenziwe yi-World Health Organization (WHO) ngokuhambisana neMithethonqubo Yempilo Yomhlaba Wonke.
Kuyenzeka uma inkinga yempilo yomphakathi ifinyelela ezingeni eliphezulu emhlabeni jikelele.
Lokhu yingxenye Yezimiso Zempilo Zomhlaba Wonke (IHR). Lezi ziyingxenye yesivumelwane esisemthethweni esenziwe ngamazwe amaningana-194, ukuba abe ngqo.
I-PHEIC iye yamemezelwa izikhathi ezine kuphela. Lokhu akumangalisi. I-IHR ibuyele emuva ngo-2005. Ukukhethwa kokumemezela i-PHEIC kwakungenakwenzeka kuze ku-2007.
Kulezi zikhathi ezine i-PHEIC imemezelwe (kusukela ngo-2007), ezintathu zazingu-2014.
Izimemezelo ezine ze-PHEIC
Ephreli 2009 - H1N1 ubhubhane (Izinhlanzi Zengulube)
Ngenyanga ka-2014 - Ukuvuselelwa kwe-Polio ngemuva kokuthi lesi sifo esiseduze-siphumelele saqala ukwanda
Agasti 2014 - Ebola eNtshonalanga Afrika
February 2016 - Zika eNtshonalanga Yezwe
I-WHO ayizange imemezele i-MERS ukuba i-PHEIC.
I-WHO igxekwa ngokungamemezeli i-Ebola i-PHEIC ngaphambili. Lesi simemezelo asizange senziwe kuze kube ngu-Agasti 8, 2014. Lokhu kwakungemva kokuba izinhlangano ezifana ne-MSF zikhalele i-alamu ngezinyanga.
Isimemezelo esinjalo singashukumisa impendulo futhi senze lesi sifo sibe yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kumazwe okubhekana nawo. Lesi simemezelo siphinde sigcizelele isidingo sokungaqedi ukulinganiselwa komnotho nezokuthutha emazweni ashintshiwe okungavimbela ukulwa nalezi zifo. I-reflex yokuvala imingcele ingaba yingozi ngaphezu kokuzuzisa.
Kube nokucindezelwa ukuthi i-WHO ingasheshi ekumemezeni iPHEIC elandelayo. Lokhu kwakungaphezu kokukhathazeka ukuthi igciwane elisakazeka ngokushesha eNtshonalanga yeHemisphere liboshelwe ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa-microcephaly, lapho abantwana bezalwa benamakhanda amancane kanye nobuchopho obungathuthuki.
Kukhona nokukhathazeka ngaphezu kwe- Yellow Fever e-Angola nase-DRC nokuthi ngabe lokhu kuqubuka kunikezwe yini ukulinganiselwa kokugonywa nokudiliva kufanele kubikwe nge-PHEIC.
Ingabe i-Zika i-Emergency Health Emergency?
I-WHO yathi uZika abe iPHEIC ngomhlaka 1 kuFebhuwari 2016, nakuba sekuphelile. I-Zika manje isifo esiphelele.
Ababulali ababhebhethekisa kakhulu-TB, i-HIV, kanye ne-malaria-nabo akuzona ama-PHEIC. Ziyizinkinga zemihla ngemihla, kodwa zenza, ngeshwa, zibulale abantu abaningi kunezikhathi eziphuthumayo. Ngenhlanhla, iZika ayizange ihlangane nokulahlekelwa okufanayo kwempilo njengoba lezi zifo ezivame kakhulu ziye zaba.
Lokhu kusho ukuthini iZika
I-Zika, kubantu abaningi abathintekile, izifo ezincane. Lesi sifo sinomusa nabesifazane abakhulelwe . Ukukhathazeka ukuthi izinhloko ze-microcephaly-ezincane kanye nobuchopho obungathuthuki-kubonakala zihlotshaniswa nezingane ezizalwa ngabesifazane ababenalo iZika ngenkathi bekhulelwe.
Akukho mgomo futhi akukho ukwelashwa kweZika.
Impendulo kuZika iningi lokuvimbela. Lokhu kusho ukugcina umiyane ngokuluma, ukusekela impilo yokuzala, nokutshala imali ocwaningweni ukuze uqonde kangcono lesi sifo.
Indlela Ukulawulwa KwamaMosho Kungasiza
Izinyosi ze-Aedes zingaba zidla kakhulu. Bakha futhi kabili ngosuku-ekuseni nakusasa ntambama. Bavame ukungaboni kakhulu kakhulu futhi bavame ukuhlala lapho abantu behlala khona. Imithombo yamanzi evulekile efana namathayi, ama-puddles, nama-vases ebhodini kubalulekile ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwekhaya. Ukufiphala kwe-Bug kanye nokuphalaza umiyane omkhulu kungasiza. Ukugcina isikhumba esihlanganisiwe kungakuvikela nokulwa.
Amanethi ebhedi anganciphisa inani lawo, kodwa ukukhala okuningi kwenzeka ngezikhathi lapho abantu bengalali.
Kungaba nzima kakhulu ukuvimbela ukukhala, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuthathwe umzamo omkhulu kangakanani. Abaningi bacabanga ukuthi abalizwa, kepha bayakwenza. Ngenxa yobunzima bokugwema ukukhala, i-CDC income bonke abesifazane base-US ukuba bagweme ukuhamba ezindaweni ezithintekile (ezihlanganisa iPuerto Rico) futhi babuyele e-US uma endaweni ethintekile.
Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi amazwe angavali imingcele, ethinta ezokuthutha kanye nezomnotho kumazwe ashintshiwe.
Yeka ukuthi Ukusekela Impilo Yokuzala Kungasiza kanjani
Abesifazane emazweni avela e-El Salvador baya eJamaica bathelwa ukuthi bangakhulelwe. Abaningi abakwazi ukuthola ukunakekelwa kwempilo yokuzala okudingekayo ukuze bathole futhi basebenzise ukuvimbela imithi. Abaningi bangase babe nobunzima bokulawula ukuthi bayakhulelwa yini. Ukukhipha isisu-ngisho nokukhulelwa kwesisu okucatshangwa ukuthi kuyisisu esithathwayo-kungathwala izigwegwe ezisemthethweni (nezokugula) kwabesifazane. Ukuqinisekisa abesifazane ukuba bathole ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okubavumela ukuba banqume ukuthi bazokhulelwa nini ingxenye yokuphendula kuZika.
Abesifazane base-US babetshelwe ukuthi bangahambi emazweni ashintshiwe (okungukuthi iningi leNtshonalanga yeHemisphere) yi-CDC uma bekhona-noma bebengakhulelwa.
Izidingo Zokucwaninga Ukuqhubeka
Ukuxhuma phakathi kwe-microcephaly no-Zika akuzange kuboniswe. Kukhona imibuzo eminingi ekhona ngeZika. Inamba yezingane ezingahle zithinteke futhi ingozi yowesifazane ngamunye okhulelwe awaziwa. Ukutheleleka okuningi ngeZika kungabikho izimpawu; akucaci ukuthi lezi zifo ezithathelwanayo zingathinta abesifazane nabantwana babo. Ayaziwa ukuthi yisiphi isigaba sokukhulelwa kokutheleleka kokukhulelwa-noma ngabe kungaba yisiphi isikhathi ekutheleleni. Ayaziwa nokuthi izingane ezinengi zizakuthinta kanjani kabi izingane. Ezinye izingane zikhula ukuze ziphile impilo evamile nge microcephaly. Abanye bangabambezeleka kakhulu.
Ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuze luqonde kangcono futhi lubhekane nalesi sifo.