Imiyane ayiyona yodwa indlela yokutheleleka
Iningi labantu liyaqonda ukuthi i-Zika igciwane liyadluliselwa yizinyosi zokuzumayo, futhi lokho, uma ilunywa, igciwane lingadluliselwa kumntwana ongakazalwa. Kodwa, akuyona yindlela kuphela ukuthi ukutheleleka kungasakazeka. Ubufakazi manje bubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi udlulisele igciwane kusuka komuntu kumuntu kumuntu ngokuya ocansini olungalondekile nokuthi ngisho negazi elithathelwanayo lingase libe yingozi, naphezu kokuncane.
Ngokuqonda ukuthi igciwane lesandulela ngculazi liyadluliswa kanjani, uzokwazi ukuzivikela wena nabanye ngokulimala.
Ingozi Yokudlulisa Umswakama
I-virus ye-Zika iyilungu lomndeni wegciwane i- Flaviviridae futhi lihlobene eduze kwamanye amagciwane ahlinzekwe umiyane afana nalawo abangela i- dengue fever , i- yellow fever , ne- encephalitis yaseJapane .
I-carrier enkulu yegciwane, insizwa ye - Aedes aegypti , ayimangalisa ngokuthi isebenza kakhulu phakathi namahora omini. Ikhula emazweni asezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezishisayo futhi ingatholakala eNingizimu Melika, Central America, Central and East Africa, eNdiya, eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia naseNyakatho ye-Australia. E-United States, umiyane utholakala ikakhulu eGulf Coast ephuma eFlorida iya eTexas.
Ukulunywa kwamanqamu kwenzeka ngokuvame kakhulu ezinyangeni zasehlobo nasehlobo lapho izinambuzane zizalana ngokugcwele. Kuthatha kuphela ukulunywa okukodwa ukutheleleka ukuba kwenzeke. Lapho amangqamuzana esikhumba azungezile angenwe inoculated, igciwane lingasheshe lihambise egazini futhi lisakaze kuwo wonke umzimba.
Nakuba izimo eziningi ze-Zika zilula noma zingenakuqhathaniswa (ngaphandle kwempawu), igciwane lingakwazi ukubhekana nesimo esibi kakhulu esibizwa ngokuthi uGuillain-Barré syndrome lapho umzimba uhlasela amangqamuzana omzimba. Lesi sifo sikholwa ukuthi sibangelwa uma ukutheleleka kweZika kuqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kweviki futhi kuhambisane nomkhuhlane oqhubekayo.
Ingozi Yokukhulelwa
Nakuba ukutheleleka kwe-Zika kuvame ukuba mncane futhi kungabonakali, kungenza kube nzima uma udluliselwa emntwaneni okhulayo ngesikhathi sokuqala kokukhulelwa. Nakuba ososayensi bengakayiqondi ngokugcwele indlela yesifo, kubonakala sengathi igciwane liyakwazi ukwephula i-placenta ngesikhathi sokuqala kwe-trimester yokuqala lapho amangqamuzana e- fetus e-fetus esanda kuqala ukugxila ebuchosheni, enhliziyweni nakwezinye izinto ezibalulekile izitho.
Igalelo 'legciwane' kulezi zingqamuzana lingalimaza, lenze izinkinga ezingathí sina futhi kwandise ingozi yokukhulelwa kwesisu nokubeletha. Okukhathazeka kakhulu yi- microcephaly , ukukhubazeka okungajwayelekile futhi okungavumeleki kokuzalwa lapho ingane izalwa khona nenhloko encane nobuchopho obungavamile.
Ingozi ye-microcephaly ibonakala ifinyelelwe ku-trimester yokuqala. Ngama-trimesters wesibili nowesithathu, ingozi izobe isinciphise emazingeni aseduze-ngokunganaki, ngokusho kocwaningo oluvela kwi-Centre for Disease Control and Prevention.
Ngokuvamile, ingozi ye-microcephaly ekukhulelweni okuthintekile iphakathi kwephesenti eyodwa namaphesenti angu-13. Azikho ezinye izici ezingozi ezitholayo ezitholakale.
Ingozi yokudlulisa ngokocansi
Ngenkathi igciwane leZika libhekwa njengesifo esithwalwa umiyane, ukubhekwa kokuqala kwalesi sifo kubonisa ukuthi ezinye izifo zenzeke ezimweni lapho kungabonakali khona ukungcola.
Uphenyo olwengeziwe lwembula ukuthi eziningi zalezi zifo zadluliswa phakathi kwabalingani bobulili, futhi ikakhulukazi kusukela kwabesilisa kuya kwabesifazane.
Ngokusho kobufakazi obushicilelwe eNew England Journal of Medicine, igciwane leZika liyakwazi ukuphikelela emzimbeni ngisho nangaphezulu kunokuba kunamakhoyane, okwandisa amathuba okudlulisela abantu besilisa nabesifazane. Ngokuphambene nalokho, igciwane alikwazi ukuphumelela ngamathe noma ubucayi besifazane, okwenza kube lula ukudlulisela ukutheleleka kwabesifazane kuya kubantu.
Ngokusekelwe ebufakazini bamanje, igciwane lesandulela ngculaza lingadluliselwa kumlingani osanda kutholakala ngokusebenzisa ubulili bomlomo, ubulili, noma ubulili noma ngabe kunezimpawu noma cha.
Ukukwabelana ngamathoyizi wezocansi nakho kungabangela ingozi.
Ingozi Yokudluliswa Kwegazi
Ingozi yokuthi igciwane lesandulela ngculazi lifaka ekuhlinzekeni kwegazi akucacile. Nakuba sekukhona amacala amaningana athembekile eBrazil ahlanganiswe nama-platelet transfusions (ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukwelapha abantu abanezinkinga zesifo sofuba noma abantu abaphethwe yi-chemotherapy yomdlavuza), akubanga nezehlakalo ezifanayo nakwezinye izindawo.
Ngo-Agasti 26, 2016, i-US Food and Drug Administration yakhipha imihlahlandlela emisha ekuhlolweni kweminikelo yegazi e-US Namuhla, noma yimiphi iminikelo ehlola ukuthi igazini leZika izosuswa ekunikezeni igazi.
Ingozi Yezifunda
Ngokombiko weWorld Health Organization (WHO), amazwe angu-61 ahlangene nokuhlukunyezwa kweZika phakathi kuka-2007 no-2016. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izindawo ezintathu e-US ezithinteka ukuqhuma kuka-2016: County Brownsville, Texas, eMiami-Dade Florida, nasePalm Beach County eFlorida.
I-WHO iphinde ibike ukuthi izifo ezihlobene nezifo ezihlobene ne-Zika kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:
- I-microcephaly ehlobene ne-Zika ibike emazweni angu-12 noma ezindaweni: eBrazil, eCabo Verde, Colombia, El Salvador, French Polynesia, iMarshall Islands, eMartinique, ePanama, ePuerto Rico, eSlovenia, eSpain, eVenezuela nase-United States. IBrazil imelela iningi lamacala. Ngokuphambene, i-United States ibike ezintathu.
- I-Guillan-Barré syndrome ehambisana ne-Zika yabekelwa emazweni angu-13: i-Brazil, i-Colombia, iDominican Republic, i-El Salvador, i-French Guiana, i-French Polynesia, i-Haiti, i-Honduras, i-Martinique, i-Panama, i-Puerto Rico, i-Suriname ne-Venezuela.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ukutheleleka okungeyona inambuzane (okungenzeka ukuthi yayidluliselwa ngobulili) kwabikwa emazweni angu-10: i-Argentina, eCanada, eChile, eFrance, eJalimane, e-Italy, eNew Zealand, ePeru, ePortugal nase-United States.
> Imithombo:
> D'Ortenzio, E .; Matheron, S .; I-Yazdanpanah, Y. et al. "Ubufakazi bokudluliswa ngokocansi kwe-Virus Zika." N Engl J Med. 2016; 374 (22): 2195-8. I-DOI: 10.1056 / NEJMc1604449.
> Johansson M .; I-Mier-Y-Teran-Romero, i-L .; Reefhuis, J. et al. "Zika kanye nengozi ye-microcephaly." N Engl J Med . 2016; 375: 1-4. I-DOI: 10.1056 / NEJMp1605367.
> Oster, A .; Brooks, J .; Stryker, J. et al. "Iziqondiso Zesikhashana Zokuvimbela Ukudluliswa Ngokobulili Zika Virus - United States, 2016." I- MMWR. 2016; 65 (5): 120-1. I-DOI: 10.15585 / mmwr.mm6505e1.
> Paz-Bailey, G .; I-Rosenberg, E .; UDoyle, K. et al. "Ukuphikelela I-Virus Zika Emzimbeni Wegazi - Umbiko Wokuqala." N Eng J M. 2017. I-DOI: 10.1056 / NEJMoa1613108.
> I-World Health Organization. Umbiko Wendawo: I-Virus Zika, Microcephaly, i-Guillan-Barré syndrome. "I-Geneva, eSwitzerland; Ngo-Juni 23, 2016.