Isifo sokuphuza , esaziwa nangokuthi ukuhlukunyezwa kwesiguli yisimo esichazwe ngokucaciswa kokuthola ukugubha. Uma uthola ukuthi unesifo sokuphuza noma isifo sokuqothulwa nganoma yisiphi isizathu, ungase uthathe ukuthatha imithi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu imithi yokuphuza (imishanguzo yokulwa ne-anti-seizure) ukuze unciphise amathuba okuba ne-seizure.
Imishanguzo yokulwa ne-anti-seizure imithi enomphumela wamakhemikhali ebuchosheni ukuvimbela ukuwayeka.
Babizwa nangokuthi i-anticonvulsants, futhi itholakale kuphela ngodokotela ngoba imishanguzo enamandla.
Kunama-anticonvulsants angaba ngu-30 atholakalayo. Ama-anticonvulsants ahlukene anezenzo zezindlela zemithi ezenza abanye babo bafaneleke kakhulu ekulawuleni ukukhathazeka kwakho okukhethekile kunokuba abanye. Iziningi ze-anticonvulsants zibekezelela kahle futhi ziphumelele, kodwa zingaveza imiphumela emibi. Uma uthatha i-anticonvulsants eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, kuyasiza ukuba ujwayelane nemiphumela emibi ukuze uzobabona uma uhlangabezana nanoma iyiphi yazo.
Ukusetshenziswa kanye nemiphumela emibi ye-Anticonvulsants evamile
Levetiracetam ivame ukubizwa ngegama elithi Keppra. Ngenye yama-anticonvulsants asetshenziselwa kakhulu izingane kanye nabantu abadala futhi ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa inhlanganisela ne-anticonvulsants eyodwa noma ngaphezulu.
Imiphumela emibi evamile ihlanganisa ukhathala, isizungu, ukucindezeleka, ukucasula, nokutheleleka.
Ngokuvamile, ingahlotshaniswa nezinkinga ezinkulu ezifana nokwehla kwegazi, isifo sengqondo kanye noSteven Johnson syndrome. Lesi yisifo esingavamile esibonakaliswa izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane kanye nokwehla okukhulu kwesikhumba, okungabangela ukutheleleka okubulalayo noma ukuphela kwamanzi okwesikhashana.
I-Phenytoin ingenye yemithi edala kakhulu ye-anticonvulsant futhi ivame ukubizwa ngegama elithi Dilantin.
Ingasetshenziswa yodwa noma ihlanganiswe namanye ama-anticonvulsants ekulawuleni ukuthunjwa kubantwana nakubantu abadala.
Imiphumela emibi ihlanganisa ukuzondeka, ukukhathala, ukukhathazeka kanzima, umbono ophindwe kabili, kanye ne-gingival hypertrophy (ukukhuliswa kwezinsini).
Ngokuvamile, izinkinga ezinzima ezifana namaseli wehle wegazi, ukwehluleka kwesibindi, kanye ne-Steven Johnson syndrome kungenzeka.
I-Carbamazepine yaziwa ngamagama okuthiwa yiTegretol noCarrol. Ingasetshenziswa yodwa noma ihlanganiswe namanye ama-anticonvulsants ekulawuleni ukutholwa kwezingane nasebekhulile. I-Carbamazepine ibuye isetshenziselwe ukuphathwa kwezinhlungu ezihlobene nemibandela efana neuropathy neural trigeminal neuralgia .
I-Tegretol ingabangela ukuzondeka, ukugqamile noma umbono ophindwe kabili ukuqhuma isikhumba. Ukuqhuma isikhumba kungase kuthuthuke futhi kube nzima, futhi kungase kube nokubulala. I-Carbamazepine ingabangela nesicashu, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, nokuncipha kwamazinga e-sodium. Ngokuvamile, ukwehla okukhulu kweyodwa yamangqamuzana egazi elimhlophe, okuthiwa i-neutrophils, i-anemia enkulu, ukuhluleka kwesibindi, kanye ne-Steven-Johnson syndrome.
I-Valproic acid ngokuvamile ibizwa igama legama elithi Depakote. Ingasetshenziswa yodwa noma ihlanganiswe namanye ama-anticonvulsants kubantwana nakubantu abadala.
U-Valproic acid uvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuphathwa kwezigameko ezihlobene nezimo zokuthuthukiswa kwengane ezifana ne-Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy kanye noLennox-Gastaut Syndrome kanye nokunciphisa ukungena noma ukungabikho kokungabikho.
Imiphumela emibi evamile ihlanganisa isizungu, ukukhathala, ukuthuthumela, ukucasuka kwesisu, ukulahlekelwa izinwele, ukuzuza isisindo nokululaza kalula. Ngokuvamile, ukuhluleka kwesibindi nokungahambisani nokuya esikhathini kungenzeka. Ukukhubazeka kokubeletha kungabangela abantwana besifazane abathwala i-valproic acid ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
I-Gabapentin yaziwa ngegama elithi Neurontin. Lena imithi yokwengeza yokufelwa kwesithuthwane. I-Gabapentin iphinde isetshenziselwe ukuvimbela izimo ezibuhlungu, ezifana nobuhlungu be-neuropathic kanye nekhanda.
Imiphumela emibi ihlanganisa ukhathala kanye nesiyezi.
I-Phenobarbital ingenye yama-anticonvulsants endala futhi aqondwa kakhulu. I-Phenobarbital ingasetshenziswa yedwa noma ihlanganiswe namanye ama-anticonvulsants kubantwana nakubantu abadala.
Imiphumela emibi ihlanganisa ukuzondeka, ukukhathala, ukukhathazeka ukugxila kanye nenkulumo ehlelekile.
I-Primidone iyaziwa ngegama lami elithi Mysoline. Kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukulawula ukuthungatha ezinganeni. Okunye ukusetshenziswa kwe-Primidone ukukwelashwa kwesimo esibizwa ngokuthi ' ukuthuthumela okubalulekile ' okubhekene nokuthuthumela nokuthungatha kwezandla, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zokucindezeleka.
Imiphumela emibi ihlanganisa ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi, ukungaqiniseki, ukukhathala, i-nystagmus (ukunyakaza kwe-jerky eye) nokuhlanza.
I-Topiramate i-anticonvulsant eyaziwa ngegama le-Topamax. I-Topiramate ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa namanye ama-anticonvulsants ekwelapheni ukutholwa okuncane ezinganeni nakubantu abadala. Ngezinye izikhathi, i-Topiramate isetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ubuhlungu be-migraine noma ubuhlungu be-neuropathic.
Imiphumela emibi ihlanganisa ukucasula, ubunzima bokugxila. ukulahlekelwa isisindo nokulinganisa.
Ngokuvamile, imiphumela emibi kakhulu efana ne-glaucoma, amatshe wezinso namafiva aphakeme kakhulu (ikakhulukazi ezinganeni) kungenzeka.
I-Oxcarbazepine yaziwa ngegama lohlobo lwe-Trileptal. Ingasetshenziswa yodwa noma ihlanganiswe neminye imithi futhi ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziselwa ukuphatha ubuhlungu.
Imiphumela emibi ihlanganisa ukuzondeka, ukulala, umlomo owomile, ukuqotshwa kanye nombono ongeziwe.
Njenge-carbamazepine, okungajwayelekile ukuthi kungabangela inani eliphansi legazi kanye nokukhwabanisa okukhulu kesikhumba.
I-Tiagabine yaziwa ngegama elithi Gabitril. Isetshenziselwa ukulawula ukuthungatha abantu abadala kanye nezingane ezindala.
Imiphumela emibi ihlanganisa ukuzondeka, ukuguqulwa, izinkinga zokulinganisela, ubunzima bokuhlushwa kanye nobuhlungu besisu. Ngaphansi kancane, kungabangela ukutshaya nokugcoba isikhumba.
I-Lamotrigine yaziwa ngegama elithi Lamictal. Isetshenziselwa ukulawula ukudonsa abantu abadala futhi kubhekwa njengenye ye-anticonvulsants esetshenziselwa ukubhekana nokuhlukunyezwa kwengane. Ibuye isetshenziselwe ukuphathwa kwe-bipolar disorder (isifo esibonakala ngeziqephu zokucindezeleka kanye neziqephu ze-mania.)
Imiphumela emibi ihlanganisa ukuzondeka, umbono ophindwe kabili, ukuthuthumela, isisindo sezinyosi, nokuqhaqhazela. I-Steven Johnson syndrome ingenzeka, kodwa ayivamile
U-Ethosuximide uyaziwa ngegama elithi Zarontin. It isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa uhlobo oluthile lokuthunjwa okuthiwa i-Petit Mal ukuhlukunyezwa noma ukuthunjwa okungabikho. Lolu hlobo lokuthumba lubonakala ngokugqoka ngaphandle noma ukuqala endaweni, hhayi ngokunyakaza okungazimele komzimba.
Imiphumela emibi ihlanganisa ukulala, ikhanda, isizungu, ukucasula, ukunciphisa ukudla futhi kungavamile ukubalwa kwesibalo segazi elimhlophe.
I-Zonisamide , eyaziwa ngegama elithi Zonegran, isetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa nenye i-anticonvulsant.
Imiphumela emibi ihlanganisa ukuzondeka, ukulala, ukudideka, ukucindezeleka, ukucabangela kanye nokuntuleka kwesidlo. Ama-rash, ama-fever, ancipha ekubaleni kwegazi futhi amatshe wezinso angenzeka.
I-Clobazam yaziwa ngegama elithi Onfi. Kuyinto yokudambisa futhi i-anticonvulsant futhi ingasetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwesifo sokuqina kwengane ebunzima.
Imiphumela emibi ihlanganisa ukugubha, isizungu, ukucasula, nokucabangela.
I-Clonazepam yaziwa ngegama legama le-Klonopin. Kuyinto yokudambisa engase isetshenziswe kanye nama-anticonvulsants ukuphatha ukugula, ikakhulukazi ukuhlushwa kwengane.
Imiphumela emibi ihlanganisa ukugubha, ukudideka, ukucindezeleka, nokushaya.
Anticonvulsants eziphuthumayo
Eminye imishanguzo engavunyelwe ukuvimbela ukuthungatha ingasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sesimo esiphuthumayo. Uma kudingeke ukuba uye esibhedlela ngenxa yokwehluleka okukhulu noma ukuqubuka okungakayeki kalula, kungenzeka ukuthi uzobona eshadini lakho ukuthi wanikezwa uLorazepam, igama elithi brand Ativan noma Diazepam , igama lomkhiqizo uValium. Le mithi ingabangela ngokushesha ukuyeka, futhi imiphumela emibi ihlanganisa isizungu, ukhathala, ukudideka kanye nenkulumo ehlelekile. Le mithi ayinconywa ukuba isebenzise njalo noma ukuvimbela ukuthunjwa.
Izwi elivela
Ama-anticonvulsants asebenzisana ne-neurons ebuchosheni ukunciphisa umsebenzi, kodwa bonke banezindlela ezingafani zokuvimbela ukugubha. Ngokuvamile, akuphephile ukuphuza utshwala noma ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa uma udinga i-anticonvulsant.
Uma uthola noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi, kufanele uthole ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Akuphephile ukumisa noma i-anticonvulsant ngokuzenzekelayo noma ngokwakho. Kufanele ulandele imiyalelo kadokotela wakho lapho uqala noma uvimba noma iyiphi i-anticonvulsant.
Uma uthatha i-anticonvulsant futhi uma uhlela ukukhulelwa noma uma ukhulelwe ngengozi, kufanele uvumele ithimba lakho lezokwelapha likwazi ngokushesha, njengoba ama-anticonvulsants amaningi ehambisana nokukhubazeka kokuzalwa.
> Imithombo:
> Weston J, et al. Ukwelashwa kwe-Monotherapy kokufa kwesisu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: imiphumela yezinkinga zokuzalwa ezinganeni ezinganeni. I-Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Nov 7; 11: CD010224.