Imithi Esetshenziselwa Ukwelapha Nokuvimbela I-Osteoporosis
I-osteoporosis iyisifo esiqeda futhi sinciphise amathambo kuze kube yilapho seba buthakathaka futhi siphume kalula. Abesilisa nabesilisa abane-osteoporosis bavame ukuphula amathambo e-hip, umgogodla, nesandla. Kodwa-ke, imithi ye-osteoporosis, ukudla okunomsoco, ukuzivocavoca nokuphepha kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi.
Uhlelo lwe-Osteoporosis Treatment Program
Uma une-osteoporosis, uhlelo lwakho lwezokwelapha luzogxila kulokhu:
- Ukudla okunempilo - ikakhulukazi ukudla okucebile nge-calcium ne-vitamin D, engase ifake isincoma ukuthatha i-calcium ne-vitamin D
- Ukuzivocavoca, okungagcini nje ukuthuthukisa impilo yakho yethambo kodwa kwandisa amandla omzimba, ukusebenzisana nokulinganisela.
- Izinkinga zokuphepha ezivimbelayo zingase zibe nomphumela wokuhlukana, njengokususa amagundane okuzungezile azungeze indlu yakho.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela wakho angase anikeze imithi yokwehlisa noma yokuyeka ukulahleka kwethambo, ukwandisa amathambo, nokunciphisa ingozi yokuphuka.
Bisphosphonates
Ama-bisphosphonates, imithi ejwayelekile kakhulu esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-osteoporosis, ukunciphisa umsebenzi wezingqamuzana ze-bone-dissolving. Kuzo zonke izinsuku zokuphila kwakho, ithambo elidala lisuswe futhi amathambo amasha ayengeziwe emasakeni akho. Njengoba ukhula, ukwehla kwethambo lakho kuyashesha - ama-bisphosphonates aphuza leyo nqubo.
Ama-bisphosphonates avunyelwe yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) kokubili ukuvimbela nokwelashwa kokuqeda ukukhubazeka kwabesifazane emva kokuqeda ukukhulelwa kwamadoda kanye namadoda.
Ama-bisphosphonates alandelayo avunyelwe yi-FDA ethengiswayo e-US:
I-Actonel (risedronate):
- Kungakhuphula amathambo akho futhi kunciphise amathuba akho omgogodla, i-hip, nezinye izinhlaka.
- Itholakala nsuku zonke, ngesonto onke, kabili nyanga zonke, kanye nokulinganisa kanye kanye nenyanga.
I-Boniva (ibandronate):
- Kunganciphisa amathuba akho okuphazamiseka kwezimpumputhe. I-Boniva ayinciphisi amathuba akho we-hip nezinye izinhlaka.
- Itholakale ngomthamo wenyanga futhi njengomjovo wokugcoba unikezwa kanye nezinyanga ezintathu.
I-Fosamax (i-alendronate):
- Kungakhuphula amathambo akho futhi kunciphise amathuba akho omgogodla, i-hip, nezinye izinhlaka.
- Itholakala kuma-dose nsuku zonke nangamaviki onke.
Ukuqeda (i-zoledronic acid):
- Kungakhuphula amathambo akho futhi kunciphise amathuba akho omgogodla, i-hip, nezinye izinhlaka.
- Itholakale njengemjovo egazini enikezwa kanye ngonyaka.
Imiphumela emibi ye-bisphosphonates yomlomo ihlanganisa izinkinga zomzimba ezifana nobunzima bokugwinya, ukuvuvukala kwesilonda nesisu sesilonda.
Imiphumela emibi ye-bisphosphonates engaphakathi ihlanganisa izimpawu ezifana nemifudlana, imfiva, ubuhlungu emisipha noma amalunga, kanye nokukhanda ikhanda. Le miphumela emibi ingenzeka ngemuva nje kokuthola ukumnika futhi ngokuvamile imise ezinsukwini ezimbili ukuya kwezintathu.
Kukhona futhi nemibiko engavamile ye-osteonecrosis yomhlathi kanye nezinkinga ezibukwayo kubantu abasebenzisa izingosi zomlomo nezangaphakathi.
I-Raloxifene
I-Evista (raloxifene), evunyelwe yi-FDA yokuvimbela nokwelashwa kokuqeda ukukhubazeka kwabesifazane emva kokuya esikhathini sokuya esikhathini, kungokwezigaba zezidakamizwa ezibizwa ngokuthi i-estrogen receptor modulators (i-SERMs).
I-Evista inemiphumela efana ne-estrogen emasendeni kodwa ivimbela imiphumela ye-estrogen esifubeni nasesibelethweni.
U-Evista unciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwethambo futhi kunciphisa ingozi yezinhlanzi emgogodini, kodwa akukho lutho olwenziwe ku-hip fractures.
I-Evista ingasetshenziswa futhi ukusiza ukuvimbela umdlavuza webele kubantu besifazane abasengozini enkulu yomdlavuza webele.
I-Evista ithathwa ifomu lesipilisi kanye ngosuku.
Ngenkathi imiphumela emibi ingavamile ku-Evista, ungase ubheke ukushisa okushisayo nama- clots egazi emithanjeni ejulile.
I-Calcitonin
I-Calcitonin, etholakala njengegama elibizwa ngokuthi i-Miacalcin ne-Fortical, i-hormone engokwemvelo esiza ukulawula amazinga e-calcium emzimbeni wakho.
Kulabo besifazane okungenani iminyaka emihlanu edlulela esikhathini esizayo, i-calcitonin yenza kancane ukulahlekelwa kwethambo, kwandisa umthamo wesipelingi, kunciphisa ingozi yamaphutha omgogodla, futhi kunganciphisa ubuhlungu obuhambisana ne-bone fractures.
I-Calcitonin itholakala njengomjovo (kunikezwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba noma kumisipha nsuku zonke noma zonke izinsuku) noma njenge- spray nsuku zonke.
I-calcitonin engenayo ingabangela ukusabela okweqile nemiphumela emibi engathandeki kubandakanya ukuqhuma kwesimo nezandla, ukuvuthwa okuvamile, ukuncibilikisa, nokukhwabanisa isikhumba. Umphumela kuphela wecala obikiwe nge-nasal calcitonin ukucasuka.
I-Teriparatide
I-Forteo (i-teriparatide), ifomu elingenayo injini ye-hormone yokuzizwa komuntu, ivunyelwe abesimame be-postmenopausal nabesilisa abane-osteoporosis abasengozini enkulu yokuphuka.
Ngokungafani nezinye izidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwemithi, i-Forteo yenza ngokuvuselela amathambo amasha okwakhiwa ngaphakathi kokubili komgogodla kanye ne-hip. Njengoba kunikezwe umjovo wansukuzonke kuze kube yizinyanga ezingu-24, kwandisa izicubu zethambo namandla esitembu futhi kuboniswe ukunciphisa ingozi yomgogodla kanye nezinye izinkinga.
Imithelela emibi ihlanganisa ukunxanxathela, isizungu, kanye namagundane omlenze.
U-Forteo naye unesixwayiso sebhokisi elimnyama kusukela ku-FDA ngenxa yencane encane yokuthi i-Forteo ingandisa ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa i-osteosarcoma, umdlavuza ongavamile kodwa onamandla. Ngenxa yengozi, akufanele usebenzise i-Forteo ngaphandle kokuthi une-osteoporosis futhi okungenani kube neminye yale mibandela elandelayo: Usuvele usuqhekekile okungenani oyedwa; udokotela wakho uzimisele ukuthi usemngciphekweni omkhulu wezinhlanzi, noma awukwazi ukuthatha noma ungaphenduli eminye imithi ye-osteoporosis.
I-Estrogen / Therapy Hormone (ET / HT)
I-ET / HT iboniswe ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwethambo, ukwandisa isisindo samathambo kokubili umgogodla kanye nesikhumba, futhi kuncishise ingozi yokuphulukisa umgogodla nokuqhaqhaza kwamaqanda kuma-postmenopausal abesifazane. U-ET / HT uvame ukunikezwa ngesimo sephilisi noma isikhumba sesikhumba.
Uma i-estrogen - eyaziwa ngokuthi i-estrogen therapy noma i-ET - ithathwa yodwa, ingandisa ingozi yowesifazane yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza we-uterine lining (umdlavuza we-endometrial). Ukuqeda lo mngcipheko, odokotela banquma ukuthi i-hormone progestin - eyaziwa ngokuthi i-hormone therapy noma i-HT - ngokuhambisana ne-estrogen kulabo besifazane abangenayo i- hysterectomy .
Imiphumela emibi ye-ET / HT ibandakanya ukuphuma kwegazi, isisu sebele, ukuphazamiseka kwemizwelo, ama-clots egazi emithanjeni, nesifo se-gallbladder.
Ngenxa yobufakazi bamuva bokuthi umdlavuza webele, ukushaywa kwegazi, i-blood clots, kanye nokuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo kungakhuphuka kwabanye besifazane abathatha i-estrogen, i-FDA incoma ukuthi uthathe isilinganiso esiphezulu kunazo zonke isikhathi esifushane. I-Estrogen kufanele icatshangelwe kuphela uma usengozini enkulu ye-osteoporosis, futhi kufanele ucabange kuqala ukuthatha imithi ye-osteoporosis engenayo i-estrogen.