I-osteoporosis , okusho ukuthi "ithambo elibuhlungu", isifo esibonakala ngethambo eliqhubekayo elincane. Ukuwohloka kwezicubu zethambo kungaholela ekutheni i-bone fragility ne-fracture, ikakhulukazi ye-hip, umgogodla, nesandla.
I-osteoporosis ibhekwa njengomhlobo we-arthritis. Ngokuvamile, i-osteoporosis ididekile ne- osteoarthritis (uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-arthritis), kodwa ziyizifo ezimbili ezihlukene.
Izimpawu
I-osteoporosis ithathwa njengesifo "sokuthula" ngoba isisindo samathambo silahlekile phakathi nenkathi yeminyaka ngaphandle kwezibonakaliso noma izimpawu ezicacile. Lesi sifo asihlali singatholakali kuze kube yilapho sithuthuka kakhulu kangangokuba amathambo abuthakathaka ahluleka kalula. I-osteoporosis yimbangela yezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.5 ngonyaka.
Ubani Othola Ukuphefumula Kwegazi?
I-osteoporosis iyinkinga enkulu yezempilo emphakathini nabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-25 baseMelika abathintekile, abangama-80% kubo abesifazane. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi owesifazane kwabayisishiyagalolunye kanye nabesilisa oyedwa kwabahlanu bazobhekana nokuhlukunyezwa okuhlobene ne-osteoporosis ngesikhathi esithile empilweni yabo. Ngeminyaka engu-75, ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kubo bonke abantu izothinteka yi-osteoporosis. Nakuba i-osteoporosis icatshangwa njengesifo somuntu omdala, empeleni singashaya nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Izingozi Zezingozi
Kunezici ezithile ezingozi ezihilelekile ezenza abanye abantu bakwazi ukuhlaselwa ngokweqile kunezinye:
- ubudala
- ngokuba owesifazane
- umlando womndeni we-osteoporosis
- ifreyimu encane noma encane
- ukuphuma esikhathini sokuqala, kungaba ngokwemvelo noma ngokuhlinzwa
- amadoda anamazinga aphansi e-testosterone
- i-amenorrhea
- i-anorexia noma i-bulimia
- isifo se-yroid
- i-arthritis ye-rheumatoid
- izifo ezihilela ukuvinjelwa kwamathumbu emathunjini we-calcium
- ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ye- corticosteroid (sebenzisa umthamo ophansi kunazo zonke ukunciphisa ingozi ye-osteoporosis neminye imiphumela emibi)
- ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-anticonvulsant
- ukudla kancane calcium
- ukungabi nokuzivocavoca
- ukubhema ugwayi
- ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile utshwala nge-caffeine
Ukuxilongwa
Ukutholwa kokuqala kwe-osteoporosis kubalulekile kakhulu. Kukhona izivivinyo ezingakwazi ukubona izinkinga zamathambo:
- Izinga eliphansi le-x-ray ngomunwe noma esihlalweni
- I-Ultrasound yesithende
- CT scan of the spine
- I-Bone thickness scan eyaziwa ngokuthi i- DEXA (Test Dual Energy X-Ray Absorption Test
Ama-x-rays ajwayelekile awawutholi ukuphefumula kwegazi kuze kube yilapho ingxenye eyodwa yamathambo isele ilahlekile. Ngaleso sikhathi ukutholakala kokuhlukumezeka kuya ekuqhekekeni kakade kukhona. I-DEXA iyisitoreji sokuthoma sokuqala futhi ingabona njengamaphesenti ambalwa okwehla kwamathambo.
I-DEXA isebenzisa izinga eliphansi lemisebe, igxile ku-hip kanye nomgogodla okuyizindawo ezijwayelekile zokuphuka, futhi kubhekwa njengokuphephile nokukhululekile isiguli. Kodwa-ke, i-DEXA ebizwa ngokuthi "izinga legolide" lokuhlolwa kwamathambo angeke lihlanganiswe nezinye izinhlelo zomshuwalense. Uma kunjalo, abantu abasengozini ye-osteoporosis kufanele bathole ukuhlolwa okubizayo okwenziwe kuqala. Uma kukhona ubufakazi bokulahlekelwa kwethambo inkampani yomshuwalense cishe izokhokhela uhlolo lwe-DEXA njengoba kubonisiwe.
Ukwelapha
Kukhona manje izigaba eziningana zezidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-osteoporosis:
- ama-estrogens
- ama-hormone e-parathyroid
- amathambo okwenza amathambo
- ama-bisphosphonates
- izilungiselelo ze-estrogen receptor modulators
Kuncike kulokho okusetshenziselwa izidakamizwa ungakwazi ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwethambo, ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwethambo, nokunciphisa ingozi yezinhlanzi. Izidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwemithi manje zihlanganisa:
- I-Actonel (i-Risedronate)
- I-Boniva (Ibandronate)
- I-Didronel (i-Etidronate)
- I-Estrogens (I-Hormone Therapy)
- I-Evista (i-Raloxifene)
- I-Forteo (i-Teriparatide)
- I-Fosamax (i-Alendronate)
- I-Miacalcin (i-Calcitonin)
Ukuvimbela
Ukuvimbela i-osteoporosis ngokuyinhloko kuboshwe ezintweni ezintathu:
- Ukudla okunempilo, okwanele kwe-calcium ne-vitamin D ngokusebenzisa ukudla noma ukwesekwa
- Ukuvivinya umzimba
- Ukunciphisa ingozi yakho ngokulalela izingozi ezingaguquguquki (isibonelo, ukubhema)
I-Osteoporosis kanye Nondlo
Ukudla okunomsoco kuphakathi kwezici ezithinta ubukhulu besitembu. I-calcium iyisisindo esibalulekile sezempilo yethambo. Eqinisweni, i-99% ye-calcium yomzimba itholakala etheni. I-calcium nayo iyadingeka ukuze kusetshenziswe kahle inhliziyo, imisipha, izinzwa, kanye nokuvutha kwegazi okujwayelekile.
Kunezinye izakhi ezibalulekile ngoba zithinta ukuxiliswa kwe-calcium ne-calcium excretion. I-Vitamin D yandisa uketshezi lwe-calcium emaphethelweni emathunjini futhi ngenxa yalokho ithonya kahle ukuthwala i-calcium. Imithombo yevithamini D ihlanganisa ukukhanya kwelanga, izinhlanzi ezinamafutha, amaqanda, isibindi, nokudla okuqinile (kubandakanya ubisi nama-multivitamini).
Amaprotheni ayadingeka ekudleni kwethu ngoba udlala indima ekukhuleni kwezicubu, kanye nokulungisa izicubu. Amaprotheni nawo adingekayo ukuze kulungiswe ukuqhuma nokusebenza kahle kwesistimu yomzimba. Amaprotheni, okwandisa i-calcium excretion eyenza isidingo sokuthola i-calcium engaphezulu ukugcina ibhalansi efanele emzimbeni.
I-sodium, kanye ne-chloride njengezingxenye kasawoti, futhi yandisa ukwanda kwe-calcium. Abantu abenezinyosi eziphakeme kakhulu badinga ikhalsiyamu engaphezulu.
I-oxalate itholakala ekudleni okuthile, njenge-isipinashi, i-rhubarb, nama-sweet potatoes. I-oxalate iphazamisa ukumuncwa kwe-calcium emthonjeni ofanayo wokudla.
I-Phosphorus iyimaminerali edingekayo ekudleni kwethu. Iningi le-phosphorus emizimbeni yethu ligcinwa emathanjeni, ngesilinganiso esincane esitholakala emazinyo, i-DNA, ne-cell membranes. Ukudliwa ngokweqile kokudla kwe-phosphorus (isb., Ukudla kwe-cola noma ukucutshungulwa) kungaphazamisa ukumuncwa kwe-calcium. Ngokujwayelekile, lokhu akubhekwa njengenkinga kubantu abanezinso ezivamile zezinso.
Iziphuzo eziqukethe i-caffeine zinganciphisa ukumuncwa kwe-calcium, kodwa hhayi kakhulu. Eqinisweni, ukunciphisa kungancishiswa ngokufaka ubisi ekudleni kwakho. Qaphela nje ukuthi i-caffeine yenza ukunciphisa i-calcium futhi ithathe iphuzu lokuqeda lokho.
Kubalulekile ukunaka ukudla okunomsoco. Ukondla okwanele kwezakhi kunceda ukulondoloza impilo ye-bone futhi kunciphise ingozi yokuhlaselwa kwe-osteoporosis.
Imithombo:
Imikhombandlela Yomhlahlandlela We-Ostoporticide-Acuced Osteoporosis Eyiphuthumayo, i-American College of Rheumatology. Kubuyekezwe ngo-Juni 2015.
I-Fact Sheet on Osteoporosis. I-American College of Rheumatology. Ukubuyekeza ngoMeyi 2015.
Ukubhekwa kwe-Osteoporosis. I-NIH Ye-Osteoporosis Nezifo Ezihlobene Nezifo.
Ukudla Namathoni Akho. I-National Osteoporosis Foundation.