Ukwelapha okubhekiswe kwe-Leukemia ne-Lymphoma
Amasosha omzimba wakho akhiqiza ama-antibodies ekuphenduleni 'amathegi' eziphilayo ezihlaselweni. Lezi tags ezithola ukuthi izifo zamagciwane zibizwa ngokuthi ama-antigens. Amasosha omzimba angakwazi ukubona ama-antigens kuma-bacteria ahlaselayo nama-antigens emaqenjini akho - uma esebe negciwane lesandulela ngculaza noma umdlavuza, isibonelo. Uma i-antibody ibopha e-antigen yayo, ingawasebenzisa isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ekubhubhiseni.
Ama-antibodies ama-monoclonal, noma ama-MAbs, asetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo eziningi ezihlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza. Kukhona intshiseko enkulu mayelana nama-AA kanye namathuba abo okubhekisisa ngokukhethekile ukhiye wamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Isetshenziselwa kanye ne-chemotherapy, ama-AA athile ayenwe isikhathi eside sokusinda.
Kuyini Okushiwo I-Monoclonal?
I-Monoclonal isho ukuthi 'i-clone eyodwa kuphela,' efuna incazelo eyengeziwe. Ngokujwayelekile, uma isimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela omzimba sibona umhlaseli, sizohlakulela izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zama-antibodies - zonke izinhlobo ezihlukene, ukukhomba wonke ama-nooks nama-crane ahlukene ebusweni bomhlaseli. Lezi zinselo zomzimba zingama-antibiotic e-polyclonal, okusho ukuthi "ama-clones" ahlukahlukene noma imindeni yamaseli omzimba ahlanganisa imizamo yokwenza yonke iphothifoliyo yama-antibodies ukuba ihlase umhlasela.
Ososayensi sebeya ngokuya ngokuqondile ekulwa nomdlavuza, futhi ukubhekisisa isigaba sama- nooks ahlukahlukene , ama-crannies namathegi esitokisini somdlavuza kungase kuzwakale kuhle, kodwa akunakwenzeka ngempela.
Isibonelo, kuthiwani uma omunye wemigomo yeselula yomdlavuza ivela ukuba ibe khona ngobuningi kuwo wonke amagciwane ajwayelekile, aphilile?
Ama-antibodies ama-monoclonal, yi -antibodies okufakelwa okwenziwa ebhodini ososayensi - amasosha omzimba aklanyelwe ukubhebhetheka ku-antigen eyodwa, ekhethekile eyaziwayo - ngokuvamile amaprotheni phezu kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza.
Izibonelo ze-mAb zokwelashwa zamagciwane egazi zihlanganisa i-Rituxan (rituximab), ne- Gazyva (obinutuzumab) , zombili ezikhomba i-CD20 antigen. I-CD20 ingenye yezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezihlukahlukene ebusweni be-B-cells, noma i-B-lymphocytes, edala ama-lymphomas amaningi.
Ama-antibodies aseMonoclonal asebenza kanjani?
Ama-MA angasebenza njengama-beacons, noma izimpawu, ukuze aqaphele ukuhlasela kwesimiso sokuzivikela:
- Ama-Naked noma angaxhunyiwe ahlanganiswe nama-antigens kumakhalekhukhwini wesifo somdlavuza, esebenza njengesignali yesistimu yomzimba yomzimba yokufuna nokubhubhisa.
- I-Rituximab ne-obinutuzumab yizibonelo zaloluhlobo lwe-mAb. Basebenzisa amasosha omzimba wakho ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Futhi banciphisa inani lama-B-cells aphilile, anomaka we-CD20, kodwa ama-B-cells aphilile angagcwaliswa.
Ama-MAB angahle aklanyelwe ukuletha ukukhokhela inkokhelo enobuthi uma bethola isisulu sabo:
- Ama-mAs ahlanganisiwe ahlanganisa izinhloso njenge-naked MAbs, kodwa ahambisa izidakamizwa, i- toxins noma i-radiation ngqo kumakhalekhukhwini wesifo somdlavuza.
- Isibonelo se-MAB ehlanganisiwe yi-Zevalin (ibritumomab tiuxetan). I-Zevalin iyi-mAb radiotherapeutic eqondiswa yi-CD20 ye-CD-e-radiotherapeutic i-CD eqondiswa kabusha ye-CD-b-cell- non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) . Ibuye isetshenziselwe i- NHL ye-follicular yangaphambilini engaphenduliwe ngokuphendula okuyingxenye noma ephelele kumakhemikhali e-line wokuqala.
I-Antibodies E-Monoclonal Inikezwa Kanjani?
Ama-antibodies omzimba anikezwa ngaphakathi ngaphakathi, ngokusebenzisa i-vein, esibhedlela noma emtholampilo. Ezinye izidakamizwa zinganikezwa ngaphambi kwesikhashana ukunciphisa amathuba okuphendula kanye nemiphumela emibi.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, uma isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwegazi noma i-lymphoma, ama-antibodies amaningi ayenziwa ngokuhambisana ne- chemotherapy yendabuko. Inani lezikhathi ezihleliwe, noma imijikelezo, ukuthi i-mAb inikezwa ngenkathi yokwelashwa incike ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezihlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ezinye izici ezingase zibe ngqo kuwe nokugula kwakho.
Imiphumela emibi ye-Antiocidal Monoclonal
Nakuba imiphumela emibi yemithi yokwelashwa ye-mAb ayifani ne-chemotherapy, iyenzeka.
Eminye imiphumela emibi ingase ifane nokuphendulela kohlobo lwe-allergenic. Imiphumela emibi ingase ixhomeke ku-mAb ethile eyinikezwe, isiguli ngasinye kanye nempilo yakhe ekhona ngaphambili, uhlobo lokulimala nezinye izici eziningi. Ezinye izidakamizwa ezihlangene ezihlobene nomndeni zihlanganisa okulandelayo:
- Imifucuza, izikhukhula, izimpawu ezifana ne-flu
- Ubuthakathaka besisindo noma ubuhlungu
- Izinsizwa
- I-nausea, ukuhlanza, nokuhuda
- Ukusabela okwenziwe nge-allergic njengama-rashes noma ama-hives
- I-cell encane yegazi ibalwa , ikakhulukazi lawo maAbs ahlanganiswa nemisebe
- Izinkinga zenhliziyo, umfutho wegazi ophansi
I-TI ebuyekeziwe.
Imithombo:
> Abernathy, E. (1997). Biotherapy. Ku-Varricchio, C. (Umq.) Incwadi Yomthombo Wegciwane Lamahlengikazi -7th. (i-pp.379-390). I-Atlanta, Georgia: I-American Cancer Society Inc.
> Battiato, L. kanye Wheeler, V. (2000). Biotherapy. E-Yarbro, C., Frogge, M., Goodman, M., et al (Eds.) Izimiso Zokuziphatha Zomdlavuza We-Cancer-Practice-5th. (iphe. 1244-1269). ILondon, eNgilandi: UJones noBartlett Publishers International
> Iarocci, uThomas. I-Gazyva ye-Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
> Iarocci, uThomas. I-Cancer yegazi ne-Anemia.
> NCCN. Iziguli kanye Nokondla Resources. Imithi ehlosiwe.
> I-RS Cvetkovic no-CM Perry "I-Rituximab: Ukubukeza Ukusetshenziswa Kwalo ku-Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma ne-Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia." Izidakamizwa zika-2006 66 (6): 791-820.