Umsakazo wesithathu yigama eliye lahlelwa ukuchaza esinye isingozi esingaba khona sokubhema. Ngaphandle kwezingozi ezihlobene nokubhema (okuchazwa ngokuthi ukubhema komuntu wokuqala), kanye nezingozi zokubhema komusi , ukukhathazeka okungabonakali kokubhema komuntu wesithathu kungahle kube yingozi. Iyini imbangela entsha yokukhathazeka?
Ukubhema kwentuthuko yesithathu yisikhathi elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza izinhlayiya kanye negesi ezisele ngemuva kokuba kukhishwe ugwayi.
Lezi zinhlayiya zihlala emhlabeni futhi zihlala cishe kunoma yikuphi indawo endaweni lapho omunye umuntu ebhemayo - izingubo, izinwele, ifenisha, kanye ne-flooring.
Okwenza Kuyingozi
Kungase kubonakale kubonakala ukuthi izinto ezishiywe ngemuva kokukhishwa ugwayi zingase zibe yingozi. Phela, uhlu lwezithasiselo ezigayini luyesabeka ngokukhululekile kumuntu onesizinda samakhemikhali. Kodwa kunezindlela ezingaphezu kweyodwa okuyinto umusi wesithathu isandla ubangela izinkinga.
Umzila wokuqala ulula ukuwuqonda. Amakhemikhali asele ngemuva kokubhema umhlaba kunoma iyiphi indawo endaweni yokubhema okwenzekile. Ucwaningo luye lwathola ukuthi ngamakhemikhali abhekene nentuthu yesithathu, izinyanga ezingu-11 ziyi- carcinogens (izinto ezikwazi ukudala umdlavuza). Amakhemikhali ambalwa atholakale evele ngemuva kokubhema afaka i-nicotine, i-cyanide, i-radioactive polonium-210, ihola, i-arsenic, ama-polycyclic ama-hydrocarboni aphuzi kanye ne-butane.
Indlela yesibili ukuthi izidakamizwa zingaba nokukhathazeka ngotshani lwesithathu ngendwangu ebizwa ngokuthi "off-gassing." Ukuphuma kwe-off-gassing kwenzeka lapho izinto ezivela emsizeni ezibekwe phezu kwendawo, njenge-nicotine, zikhishwa emoyeni njengegesi. Ngalolu hlelo, ama-residu kagwayi awakhiwe ezindaweni eziqhubekayo aqhubeka nokukhipha ubuthi ngemva kokubhema.
Ngaphezu kwamakhemikhali anobuthi abonakalayo ezindaweni eziphezulu noma ezikhishwe emoyeni, umzila wesithathu wokuchayeka lapho i-toxins entsha idalwa ngokusebenzisana kwezinto ezi-THS namanye amakhemikhali akhona emvelweni. Izibonelo ezimbili zokuxhumana eziye zabhalwa zihlanganisa:
- Lapho i-THS iphendula nge-nitrous oxide (isibonelo kusuka kumagesi kagesi noma izinjini zemoto) emoyeni ekwakheni i-carcinogens eyaziwa ngokuthi i-nitrosamines.
- Lapho ama-organic compounds (VOC) angenawo ama-THS asabela nge-ozone emoyeni ukudala i-formaldehyde phakathi kwamanye amakhemikhali.
Ukuvezwa Kwenzeka Kanjani
Abantu bangathinteka yi-toxins ku-THS ngokuwafakaza (kungaba izinhlayiya noma amagesi akhiphekile), ngokuwafaka (lapho izinhlayiya zihlala phansi ekudleni, noma eminwe ebeka emlonyeni njengezinsana), noma ukumuncwa ngesikhumba. Inothi ukuthi ukunakekelwa kwesikhumba, nakuba kungakhulumi ngaso sonke isikhathi, akuvamile. Kulolu suku nosuku lapho sinezikhwama ze-nikotine, ama-hormone, neminye imithi, kusobala ukuthi isikhumba sethu asiyona isithiyo esiqinile ezintweni ezisezindaweni zethu.
Yeka Kakhulu Kangakanani Ubungozi?
Kusencane kakhulu kusukela ukutholakala kwentuthu yesithathu yesandla ukucacisa ngokunembile izingozi. Njengoba kucatshangwa ukuthi i-US Surgeon General ithi ayikho izinga elingabungozi lokubhema kwentuthuko, kubonakala kuwukuhlakanipha ukusho ukuthi noma yikuphi ukuchayeka komusi wesithathu kufanele kugwenywe futhi.
Ngokungafani nokubhema komswakama, ingozi yomusi wesithathu ingakwazi ukwandisa ngaphezu kwesikhathi njengoba izinhlayiya eziningi zifakwa ezindaweni ezihlala ekhaya noma emotweni.
Abacwaningi basanda kuqalisa ukuhlola izingozi ezingenzeka, kepha okutholakele kuze kube manje kufaka phakathi:
- I-Thirdhand utsi (THS) itholakala ukuthi iphazamise ukuphulukiswa kwamanxeba, futhi "isisindo somzimba" - ngamanye amazwi, ukuthi isilonda sizophulukisa kanjani futhi luhlobo luni lwesibalo oluzobunjwa.
- Ukuhlolwa kwamagundane bathole ukuthi i-THS ibangela ushintsho lwamangqamuzana kumaseli okuholela ekuphikeleni kwe-insulin (ngokulula, isandulela sesifo sikashukela.)
- Kukhona ubufakazi bokuqala bokuthi i-THS ingafaka ingozi yomdlavuza. I-nitroamines - amakhemikhali atholakele ku-THS - ngaphezu kwemingcele ephakanyiswe yi-Environmental Protection Agency yabantwana abaneminyaka engu-1 kuya ku-6 itholakele kumaphesenti angu-77 emakhaya atshisayo. Lokhu kucatshangwa ukuthi kuhunyushwe ku-1 icala lomdlavuza kubo bonke abantu abangu-1000. Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi lolu cwaningo lusemncane kakhulu, futhi amakhemikhali amaningi ekubhemeni okwenziwe ngabomunye angakafundiwe ngale ndlela.
- Lokhu ukuvezwa kwamagundane kungabangela izifo zesibindi ezinamafutha, okuzoholela ekutheni i-cirrhosis nesifo senhliziyo.
- Ukuthunjwa kwentuthu kaThrhand kungabangela ushintsho lwezinto eziphilayo emangqamuzaneni aphethwe yi-fibrosis, okuphakamisa ukukhathazeka ukuthi ingadlala indima ku-COPD nesifo se-asthma.
- Izinguquko ukuthi ama-platelets ahlanganiswa kanjani ngenxa ye-THS iphakamisa ukukhathazeka ukuthi i-THS ingandisa ingozi yezindwangu zegazi nesifo senhliziyo.
- Lokhu kuvezwa kwamagundane kubangela ukungabi nokuzikhethela, futhi kukhona ukukhathazeka ukuthi ukuvezwa isikhathi eside ezinganeni kungabangela izimo ezingathí sina ze-neurological.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi izingane cishe zengozini enkulu kunabantu abadala. Ama-carcinogens othulini avame ukuhlala phansi - lapho izingane zihlezi khona futhi zidlala. Izingane nazo zinamathuba amaningi okufaka iminwe emilonyeni yazo emva kokuthinta izindawo ezifakwe yi-THS.
Izinga eliphakeme lokuswakama kwamanzi liyisivikelo ngokwezinga elithile, ngakho izindawo, lapho umswakama uphansi khona, kungenzeka ukuthi zithwale ingozi enkulu yokuvezwa. I-ozone emoyeni nayo iyahlukahluka. Isibonelo, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali e-hydrocarboni angenawo ama-THS nge-ozone emoyeni kungaba nokukhathazeka okukhulu endizeni, kunokusho imoto emhlabathini.
Indlela Yokugwema Umusi Wesibili Wesandla
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokugwema ukubhema kwentambo yesithathu ukuthi ube nenqubomgomo yokubekezelelana nendawo yokubhema ekhaya lakho nasemotweni yakho. Ngokungafani nentuthu yomsizi, umoya wokuphuza umoya awukhiphi kancane ukususa i-THS, futhi uma ngabe umusi wesithathu usukhona, kungenzeka ukuthi awukwazi.
Ngokungafani ne-adage endala; isikhathi asiphuluki uma kuziwa ngotshani lwesithathu. Iqiniso lokuthi i-THS ihlala phezu kwalo liyabonakala uma uke wahlala ehhotela okwakungavunyelwe ukubhema ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngisho noma ingenayo intuthu iminyaka eyishumi, labo abanegazi legazi bangasabamba izinsuku lapho imithetho ihlukile. Futhi izifundo ziqinisekisile nalokhu. AmaS Swabs athathwe emakhaya lapho ukubhema okwenzekile namanje kunamazinga alinganisiwe we-THS ngemuva kokushiywa ngaphandle kwezinyanga ezimbili.
Uma usalindele ukuvezwa ku-THS, nansi amathiphu ambalwa:
- Geza, ugeze izinwele zakho nesikhumba uma uke wahlushwa ku-THS.
- Uma kunokwenzeka, izindawo ezihlanzekile nezinto ezibonakalayo zokubhema ngeviniga. Khumbula ukuthi lokhu akusikhathi ngaso sonke isikhathi esiwusizo, futhi kungasusa futhi kugubungele izindwangu ezithile kanye nezindawo ezithile.
- Uma ukhetha ukuvumela ukubhema ekhaya lakho, vula amawindi bese uzama ukudambisa ukubhema emakamelweni ane-carpeting. Lokho kusho ukuthi, ngokushisa okuphakathi noma emoyeni ophakathi, izidakamizwa zizosabalaliswa kulo lonke ikhaya lakho.
- Fundisa abangani bakho nomndeni wakho. Ucwaningo oluye lwabheka izinkolelo zabantu ababhema ukubhema bathole ukuthi uma ababhemayo beqaphela ukuthi ukubhema kwabo (nge-hand-hand or third-hand smoke) kuthinta abanye, banamathuba amaningi okuphoqelela ukuvinjelwa komndeni ukuvinjelwa.
Indlela yokususa i-Third Hand Smoke
Ukususa i-THS kunzima kakhulu kunalokho okuzwakalayo. Ukuhlanza noma ukuhlanza okomile kuphela akunakunquma. Ukuze ihlanzekile isuse i-nicotine, kufanele ibe ne-acidic. Kodwa iningi lezinsipho ziyi-alkaline (okuphambene ne-acidic) futhi ihluleka ukususa i-nicotine ngisho nasezindaweni ezibushelelezi. Ukusebenzisa isisombululo se-acidic njenge-uviniga kungasusa i-THS kusuka ezindaweni ezifana nemabula, kodwa akusiyo njalo. Abantu abaningi abafuni ukulala kwabo abahle kakhulu njengamaviniga. Ngesizathu esifanayo, ukususa i-THS ekugubheni imoto kungenakwenzeka. Uma ufisa ukususa umusi wesithathu esandleni sakho, ukufaka imidwebo, nakuba i-pricey, cishe kuyindlela engcono kakhulu.
Ukuyeka ukubhema kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokugwema ukubhema komuntu wesithathu.
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