Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ukuthi into ethile i-carcinogen noma i-carcinogenic. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Sazi kanjani ukuthi okuthile kungabangela umdlavuza?
Incazelo
I-carcinogen ichazwa njengento engabangela umdlavuza ngqo. Lokhu kungaba yikhemikhali, igciwane, noma imithi kanye nemisebe esiyisebenzisa ukuphatha umdlavuza. Nakuba izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza zibangelwa i-carcinogen noma inhlanganisela ye-carcinogens, ukuthambekela kokuthuthukisa umdlavuza kungase kuzuze njengefa njengengxenye ye-genome yethu.
I-carcinogens ingasebenza ngezindlela ezimbalwa:
- I-carcinogen ingaphazamisa ngokuqondile i- DNA emangqamuzaneni (kubangelwa ukuguqulwa komzimba,) okuholela ekuphazanyeni kwezinqubo ezivamile zamaseli.
- I-carcinogen ingase ibangele ukudala umonakalo nokuvuvukala okuholela kumaseli ehlukanisa ngokushesha. Lapho amangqamuzana ehlukanisa kukhona ithuba lokuthi ushintsho luzokwenzeka (ukuguquguquka) okukhulisa amathuba okuthuthukisa umdlavuza .
Izinhlobo
Sinezidakamizwa nsuku zonke, kungakhathaliseki emsebenzini, ekhaya, noma ekudlaleni. I-carcinogens ayibangeli umdlavuza kuwo wonke umuntu ovezwayo; ikhono le-carcinogen elenza umdlavuza lithembele ezintweni eziningi, kufaka phakathi inani lokuchayeka, ubude bokuvezwa, impilo yomuntu ngamunye, kanye nezinye izinto ekuphileni komuntu okuphakamisa noma ukunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza.
Abantu baphinde bahluke ekuziphatheni komuntu siqu ku-carcinogen esekelwe ekutheni izakhi zabo zakhiwe. Ezimweni eziningi umdlavuza unamagciwane amaningi, okusho ukuthi kunezici eziningana ezisebenza ndawonye ukuze zibangele noma zivimbele umdlavuza.
Izinhlobo ze-carcinogens zifaka:
- Amakhemikhali / izinto - Amakhemikhali athile asetshenziswe ekhaya noma emsebenzini angase abe ne-carcinogenic. Isibonelo, i- asbestos ekuthungeni ingabangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu kanye ne- mesothelioma . Abantu abaningi banomuzwa wokuthi uma ikhemikhali ingabangela umdlavuza ngeke kuvunyelwe emakhaya ethu. Akusilo iqiniso.
- Imisebe yemvelo - Imisebe ye- Ultraviolet evela elangeni yimbangela eyaziwa kakhulu yomdlavuza wesikhumba. I-Radon ephuma ekuvuthweni okuvamile kwe-uranium enhlabathini bese iboshelwe emakhaya iyimbangela ehamba phambili yomdlavuza wamaphaphu .
- Imishanguzo yezokwelapha - Yonke imishanguzo esetshenziselwa imithi yokuhlolwa kwezifo futhi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza ibhekwa njengama-carcinogens. Isibonelo, abesifazane abathola ukwelashwa kwemishanguzo ngemuva kwe-mastectomy yomdlavuza wesifuba bangengozini yokwanda komdlavuza wamaphaphu ngenxa ye-carcinogenicity of radiation.
- Amagciwane - Amagciwane anjengama- papillomavirus abantu abangela umdlavuza womlomo nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, futhi i-hepatitis C engabangela umdlavuza wesibindi kubhekwa njengama-carcinogens. Hlola ezinye izifo ezicatshangelwa ukuthi zibangele umdlavuza .
- Ezinye imithi - Ezinye izidakamizwa ze-chemotherapy kanye nokwelashwa kwama-hormonal zingangena ingozi yomdlavuza. Isibonelo, i-chemotherapy esetshenziselwa ukuphatha abesifazane ngesifo somdlavuza webele webele isinye isikhathi ingabangela i-leukemia. Ukusetshenziswa komlomo ngokweqile kungandisa ingozi yomdlavuza webele emantombazaneni abasha.
- Izindlela zokuphila - Ukubhema nokukhuluphala kokubili yizifo zomzimba ngoba zingabangela ukuguqulwa okubangelwa umdlavuza.
I-Latency Period
Okubalulekile ukuyiqonda umqondo wesikhathi se- latency .
Lesi yisikhathi esivela phakathi kokudonswa kwe-carcinogen kanye nesikhathi umdlavuza uqala. Isikhathi se-latency singaba mfushane kakhulu, njengokuchayeka emisebeni yengozi yenuzi, noma kunalokho, amashumi eminyaka, kuye ngokuthi i-carcinogen ethile.
Ukuhlola
Akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthola ukuthi into noma ukuvezwa yi-carcinogen. Isibonelo esihle salokhu ukubhema. Kwathatha iminyaka eminingi yocwaningo kanye nezigidi zamaRandi ukucacisa ubuhlobo bokubhema kumdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ucwaningo oluningi lokuhlola izinto ngenxa yokudla komzimba luyenziwa ezilwaneni ezisetshenziswa kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokuba kuhlolwe izilwane, eziningi zalezi zinto zibhekwa kuqala emasikweni esitokisini ebhodini.
Ngenkathi kungabonakali ukuhlola izinto zokwelapha kubantu, ukuhlolwa okubukeka ngokubheka abantu abanomdlavuza, nokuhlola ukuchayeka kwangaphambili, kusetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya izinto noma ukuchayeka ukuhlola ikhono lokubangela umdlavuza.
Ngeshwa, izifundo zeseli noma izilwane zezilwane azikwazi njalo ukusitshela ukuthi kuzokwenzekani kubantu. Okukwenzeka ngamangqamuzana omuntu esidlweni ebhodini kungase kuhluke kakhulu kunalokho okwenzekayo okuvezwayo okufanayo phakathi kwezigidi zokuphendula kwamakhemikhali okwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi kubantu. Ngokufanayo, izifundo zezilwane azikwazi ukusitshela ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi kuzokwenzekani ngokuvezwa kwabantu. Lokhu kwakunjalo nge-thalidomide, eyayiyimithi ephephile emzilenzeni yezobuchwepheshe kodwa yabangela ukukhubazeka kokubeletha lapho kunikezwa abesifazane abakhulelwe.
Izigaba
Kunezinhlelo eziningana ezikhona ezichaza ama-carcinogens ngezindlela ezahlukene:
I-Environmental Protection Agency:
- Iqembu A: I-carcinogenic kubantu
- Iqembu B: Kungenzeka ukuthi i-carcinogenic kubantu
- Iqembu C: Ubufakazi bokusikisela bokuthi abantu banesifo senhliziyo
- Iqembu D: Ulwazi olwanele lokuhlola ukwelapha
- Iqembu E: Akunakwenzeka ukuba i-carcinogenic kubantu
I-International Agency for Research on Cancer: Uhlelo lwezokwelapha lwezwe:
- Iqembu A: I-carcinogenic kubantu
- Iqembu B: Kungenzeka ukuthi i-carcinogenic kubantu
- Iqembu C: Ubufakazi bokusikisela bokuthi bangakwazi ukuphefumula
- Iqembu D: Ukwaziswa okungenele ukuhlola ikhono le-carcinogenic
- Iqembu E: Akunakwenzeka ukuba i-carcinogenic kubantu
Uhlelo lukazwelonke lwezokwelapha
- Iyaziwa ukuthi i-carcinogenic kubantu
- Kulindeleke ngokucacile ukuthi i-carcinogenic kubantu
Ukuqapha Ukuphepha
Khumbula ukuthi akuzona zonke izidakamizwa ezikwazi ukuthola i-carcinogen. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi kunezigidi zamangqamuzana ezinokwenzeka emvelweni nasembonini, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuhlola wonke amakhemikhali ngamakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu (noma ukuziphatha ngendlela efanele). Ngaleso sizathu, kubalulekile ukuba wenze ukuhlakanipha nganoma yiziphi izifo ezinamandla ongazitholela zona kungase kuvezwe. Kubalulekile ukuthi:
- Funda amalebula, futhi uhlole izithako ongazazi ngazo. Ezinye imikhiqizo yasekhaya yenza inothi lokuthi iqukethe ama-carcinogens abantu. Isibonelo ezinye izinhlobo zokuhlanza ithusi.
- Landela izinkomba zokuphatha ngokuphephile kwamakhemikhali ekhaya. Funda ukuphrinta okuncane kumabhodlela. Ezinye zazo ziphakamisa ukugqoka amagilavu. Abanye batusa umoya omuhle wokugcoba umoya, ukugqoka imaski, noma ngisho nokunikela imaski ekhethekile yokuphuza umoya (uma ithi lokhu, kusho ukuthi isiski asikwanele ukukuvikela.) Sikhohlwe ukuthi izinto eziningi zingasetshenziswa kalula ngesikhumba. Manje sinezikhwama zezinto ezivela ku-nicotine kuya emithini yemilenze esebenzisa le nqubo. Umthetho omuhle wesithupha ungukuthi uma ungayidli, sebenzisa amagilavu ukuwusingatha.
- Landela izinqubo eziphakanyisiwe lapho usebenza namakhemikhali emsebenzini. Abaqashi kudingeka bahlinzekele AmaSpredishithi Okwaziswa Okuphepha Kwamakhompyutha kunoma yikuphi amakhemikhali ozovezwa wona emsebenzini. Thatha isikhathi sokuzifunda ngokucophelela.
- Cabanga ngezindlela ezithinta izinto ezinezinhlu ezindala zezithako: isibonelo, abanye abantu bathole ukuthi kunokuba nempahla eminingi yokuhlanza izimpahla (zonke izithako ezingase ziphakamise ishiya lakho,) ungakwazi ukuhlanza indlu yakho ngokuphumelelayo usebenzisa uviniga kuphela, ijusi lemonsi , amafutha omnqumo, kanye ne-baking soda. Lokhu akugcini nje ukuthi kuncishiswe ukuvezwa kwakho kwamagciwane, kodwa futhi kuyanciphisa.
- Cabanga ngezinketho zakho. Isibonelo, hlola le mibono indlela yokugcoba ukudla ukuze unciphise ama-carcinogens.
Yolwazi
Kunezinqolobane eziningana lapho ungabheka khona amakhemikhali nezinto ozozitholela kuzo ukuze unqume ukuthi i-carcinogenicity yabo.
- I-IARC Monographs
- Uhlelo lukazwelonke lwezokwelapha
Izwi elivela
Sibhekiswe kuma-carcinogens endaweni yethu nsuku zonke. Nakuba kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona izinto esizozifunda ziyi-carcinogenic esikhathini esizayo, singakwazi ukuthatha isinyathelo namuhla ukwehlisa ukuvezwa kwethu. Ukuba nokuqwashisa, nokuqaphela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kunezifo zomzimba emvelweni wethu ezingakabonakali kuyisiqalo esihle. Ukuthatha izinyathelo ezilula zokuphepha, ezifana namalebula wokufunda nokugqoka amagilavu kungenzeka ukuthi akudingeki njalo, kepha kungaba nokuhlakanipha uma ungajwayele umkhiqizo osebenza nawo.
> Imithombo:
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. I-Cancer Occupational. Uhlu lwe-Carcinogen. Kubuyekezwe 04/24/17. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/cancer/npotocca.html
> I-International Agency of Research on Cancer. Ukuhlola Izingozi Ze-Carcinogenic kubantu. http://monographs.iarc.fr/