Kuyini, yiziphi izingozi, futhi ihluke kanjani kumsuka omningi?
Sizwa okuningi ngokubhema kwentuthu kagesi-okubizwa nangokuthi ukubhema kwentuthu kagesi (ETS) - kodwa imibandela emisha njengomusi ogqamile kanye nentuthu ejwayelekile ingenza lesi sihloko esiyinkinga sidideke nakakhulu. Lisho ukuthini la magama, futhi yiziphi izingozi abazithwalayo?
Sibutsetelo
Umusi we-Sidestream (i-SSM) uchazwa njengomusi okhishwa ekupheleni komgwayi oshisayo, ugwayi noma ipayipi.
Umusi we-Sidestream uhlukile kwenye igama elibizwa ngokuthi umusi ojwayelekile (MSM). Umswakama ovamile ubhekisela kumusi okhwabaniswa ngumuntu obhemayo bese uphumelela emvelweni. Uma kusetshenziselwa ukubhema kokubhema kwezemvelo noma ukubhema umshini wesibhamu, kufaka phakathi kokubili umusi ongasemuva nokujwayelekile.
Izinhlamvu ze-Sidestream Umsila
Njengoba cishe amaphesenti angama-85 omusi womuntu oyimfucumfucu engumsi womusi, bonke abantu ababhemayo nabangabhemi abavame ukufana nokubhema kwentuthu kagesi.
Umusi we-Sidestream uyingozi futhi isikhathi eside. Ukwehliswa komusi okujwayelekile kuphelile lapho umuntu ebeka ugwayi wakhe, kodwa umusi ongacabangi ungaphikelela-uthinta ababhemayo nabangabhemi isikhathi esisele esichitha egumbini.
Kukhona izinto eziningana ezithinta inani lomusi osuka kumuntu omuntu ovelele kuwo. Ezinye zazo zihlanganisa:
- Ukushisa kwemoya
- Umswakama
- Ukuphumula kwegumbi, imoto, noma enye indawo lapho ukubhema kwenzeka khona
- Inani lababhemayo likhona
Ukwakhiwa
Kube khona amakhemikhali ayizinkulungwane eziningana abhekene nomusi wokubhema, okungenani abangu-60 kuthiwa babangela umdlavuza. Ezinye zamakhemikhali esazi ukuthi zikhona emsizeni ongasemuva zihlanganisa:
- I-Phenol
- Styrene
- I-Benzene - I-benzene i- carcinogen (i-agent edala umdlavuza) okucatshangelwa ukuthi ibangele i-leukemi ne-lymphomas. Kungaphazamisa isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, kuphakamisa ingozi yezifo.
- I-hydrogen cyanide
- I-formalmalhyde - I-formalmalhyde ixhunyaniswe ne-nasopharyngeal carcinoma kanye ne-leukemia ye-myeloid.Formaldehyde ingaphazamisa i-cilia, izakhiwo ezincane ezinjengezinwele ezibeka umzila wokuphefumula ukuze zibambe ubuthi futhi zibuye zibuyele emlonyeni ukuze zigwinwe. Lokhu kungaholela kwezinye izinto ekuthumeni ukufinyeleleka ezindaweni ezijulile zamaphaphu lapho zingenza khona umonakalo.
- I-Nicotine - I-Nicotine ngokwayo ayibonakali ibangela umdlavuza kepha ingasebenza namanye ama-toxini ukuze kubangele izinguquko ezenza umdlavuza. I-Nicotine ingasiza ekuthuthukisweni nasekusabalaleni komdlavuza .
- I-carbon monoxide
Inani lamakhemikhali emoyeni lingahlukana phakathi komusi ogqamile kanye nomusi ojwayelekile. Omunye umehluko ubangelwa ukushiswa okungaphelele kogwayi okuholela ekugxilweni okuphakeme kwamakhemikhali carbon monoxide, 2-naphthylamine, i-4-aminobiphenyl, ne-N-nitrosodimethylamine kunomusi ovamile lapho umuntu obhemayo ephuma khona.
- Yimaphi Amakhemikhali ase-cigarettes nase-cigarette smoke?
Imiphumela emzimbeni
Ucwaningo oluningi kule ndawo luye lwenziwe kumagundane, kepha impendulo kubantu iningi eliyingozi. Umusi we-Sidestream uthinta isimiso sezinzwa ezizimele - ingxenye yesimiso sezinzwa esilawula inhliziyo futhi sithonya ukucindezeleka kwegazi nesilinganiso senhliziyo.
Kulimaza futhi imigwaqo emikhulu (i- bronchi ) kanye nomoya omncane kakhulu (i- alveoli ) yamaphaphu.
Umusi we-Sidestream uphinde uvelise inani elikhulu lama-leukocytes, lawo angamaseli amhlophe egazi emasosheni ethu omzimba omzimba aphendulela ezintweni ezingavamile emzimbeni futhi alwe nezifo. Ukubhema kwentuthuko (ukuhlanganisa i-SSM ne-MSS) kubangelwa ukuphefumula okuphansi kwezingu-150 000 kuya ku-300 000 ezinganeni nasezinyangeni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga ezingu-18, kanye no-7 500 kuya ku-15 000 esibhedlela minyaka yonke.
Umswakama we-Sidestream uye wathola ukunciphisa ukuqina (ukuguquguquka kwemvelo) yamaphaphu. ukuvimbela inzuzo yesisindo ekuthuthukiseni izilwane, futhi ukwandise amathuba okuthola (nokuqina) izifo zokuphefumula njengomkhuhlane kanye nomkhuhlane ovamile.
Umonakalo wesikhathi eside kusuka komusi ogqamile uhlanganisa ukugqugquzelwa kwe- atherogenesis - ukwakheka kwe-plaque emithanjeni engabangela izimo ezifana nokuhlasela kwenhliziyo nokushaya. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ukubhema kwentombazane (okuphinde kuhlanganiswe i-SSM kanye ne-MSM) kubangelwa ukufa okuhlobene nenhliziyo engama-46,000 kubantu abangabhemi e-US njalo ngonyaka. Kungase kubangele ngisho nezinsana ezitholakala ku-utero (ngenkathi zisesibelethweni) ukuya ezinhliziyweni zesifo senhliziyo.
Umusi we-Sidestream ubangela ukuguquguquka kwesidoda kumagundane wesilisa.
Izingozi nezingozi
Ayikho izinga eliphephile lokungcola komusi ongapheli. Eqinisweni, i-Environmental Protection Agency (i-EPA) ihlukanise ukubhema okungahambi kahle njengegciwane le-class A, okusho ukuthi kukhona idatha eyanele yokubonisa ukuthi ibangela umdlavuza kubantu.
Umusi we-Sidestream ukukhathazeka kwanoma ubani, kodwa abantu abathile basengozini enkulu. Abesifazane abakhulelwe nabantwana abancane banengozini eyengeziwe, ngenxa yokuthi lezi zikhathi zesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli okusheshayo, kodwa futhi ngoba abantwana abangakazalwa nezingane bahlala isikhathi eside ukuhlala nanoma yimuphi umonakalo okwenzekayo.
Ngomdlavuza omkhulu owenza ama-agent, kukhona isikhathi se-latency -isikhathi sesikhathi lapho kutholakala khona i-carcinogen futhi umdlavuza wesikhathi uqala. Uma isikhathi sokulinganisa isilinganiso samakhemikhali sineminyaka engama-30, lokhu kuyakhathazeka kakhulu oneminyaka engu-2 ubudala kunomuntu oneminyaka engu-80 ubudala.
Elinye iqembu labantu abasengozini enkulu yilabo abanezifo zempilo, ikakhulukazi izifo ezihlobene nesifo senhliziyo nesiphunga njenge-asthma, i-COPD, umdlavuza wamaphaphu, nesifo se-coronary artery.
Izingozi zeCancer ezihlobene nentuthu yesibili kufaka phakathi i-SSM isanda kufundiswa ngamandla, kodwa siyazi izinto ezimbalwa. Ukuvezwa komusi womuntu oyisimanga kuyandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, futhi cishe ama-3 000 amdlavuza womdlavuza e-United States unyaka ngamunye ahlobene nalokhu kuvezwa.
Umusi we-Sidestream ungase ukwandise ingozi yomdlavuza webele. Kwesinye isifundo kutholakale ukuthi ukubhebhetheka komusi ogqamile kwakubaluleke kakhulu njengokubhema okusebenzayo (ukubhema) lapho kufike engozini yomdlavuza webele. Lapho bebheke abesifazane abaphila ngokubhema kokubhema komswakama, ingozi yabo yokuba nomdlavuza webele we-premenopausal yayiba cishe cishe kabili njengalabo abangazange babonakale ngotshani wesibhamu.
I-Sidestream Smoke vs Umswakama Omkhulu - Yimuphi Okubi?
Kube khona impikiswano yokuthi ngabe ukubhema okungajwayelekile kungaba yingozi nakakhulu kunomusi ojwayelekile. Esinye isifinyezo (ukuhlola ucwaningo olungashicilelwe yiNkampani kaFilip Morris,) lithole ukuthi:
- Umusi we-Sidestream wawunobuthi obuningi obunobuthi obuyi-4 ku-particulate total matter
- Umusi we-Sidestream wawunezikhathi eziphindwe izikhathi ezintathu eziyingozi ngogremu ngalinye (ngesisindo)
- Umusi we-Sidestream wawungama-tumorigenic (okubangelwa umdlavuza) izikhathi ezingu-2 kuya kwezi-6
Ngokusho kwe-American Lung Association, umusi ogqamile ungase ube yingozi ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili: Ukuhlushwa kwamakhemikhali kunomqondo ophakeme (njengoba kushisa ezingeni lokushisa elingaphansi,) futhi kuveza izinhlayiya ezincane ezingangena kalula futhi zingene ngaphakathi kwezicubu zethu imizimba.
Umusi we-Sidestream we-Cigar
Ngenkathi abanye abantu bengase bacabange ukubhema ugwayi njengengozi encane kungase kube yingozi nakakhulu kumuntu ongabhemi ohlala eduze. Njengoba ama-cigare ngokuvamile eshisa isikhathi eside, ayinikeza inqwaba yentuthu yomswakama kunokuba ugwayi.
- I-cigar yokubhema ne-Cancer Cancer
Lapho Umusi Uhlanza
Ngemuva kokuba umusi ogqamile uphelela ngokubukeka futhi uhlakazeka emvelweni, ingabe ingozi ihambe? Isibonelo, uma ungena egumbini lapho othile ayebhema khona izinsuku noma amasonto ngaphambili, ingabe kukhona ingozi? Akekho owazi kahle ukuthi ingakanani inkinga, kodwa yini manje ehlanganiswe "ukubhema komuntu oyedwa" inabacwaningi abaningi abakhathazekile.
Izinhlayiya eziningana ezinobuthi ezikhona emsizeni ogqamile (njenge-arsenic ne-cyanide) zihlala njengezinhlayiya endaweni lapho umuntu ebhema khona futhi ehlala ezindaweni ezihlala isikhathi eside. Lokhu kungabangela inkinga ngezindlela ezimbalwa. I-toxin ingafakwa ngaphakathi kwesikhumba (njengokungathi lapho ingane encane ihambahamba) noma izinhlayiya zingase zikhishwe emoyeni njengegesi (inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-off-gassing.)
Kungenzeka ukuthi ukubhema komuntu ongasese kuyingozi kakhulu kunomusi ongaqediwe, kepha kuze kube yilapho sesiyazi okuningi, ukugwema ukubhema komuntu wesithathu kanye nomusi osuka emzimbeni kungase kungabi umqondo omubi.
Uma wena noma othandekayo ubhema, funda kabanzi mayelana nokubhema nomdlavuza , bese uhlela uhlelo lokuyeka namhlanje.
Imithombo:
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