Ngenkathi i-HIV ingabandlululi phakathi kwabesifazane nabesilisa, kukhona ukungafani okukhulu engozini kanye nezimpawu ze-HIV kubesifazane. Ngokusho kwamaCentral for Disease Control and Prevention , abesifazane balinganiselwa ngamaphesenti angu-23 okutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi e-US Kwalabo abathintekayo, abangaphansi kwengxenye baxhunyaniswe nokunakekelwa, kuyilapho abangaphansi kweyodwa kwabayisithathu abakwazi ukugcina umthamo wegciwane elingabonakali impumelelo yokwelashwa.
Izibalo ziba ngaphezulu ngokuqondene nokuqhathanisa abesifazane namacembu. Ngokwesibonelo, abesifazane baseMelika baseMelika bangabantu abayisishiyagalombili besengozini esiphezulu futhi cishe cishe kasikhombisa amathuba okuba ne-HIV abalingani bawo besilisa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane abanemibala babala ngamaphesenti angu-50 azo zonke izifo ezintsha kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engu-13 kuya ku-19, okusho ukuthi banesifo esincane kakhulu kunalabo abathintekayo.
Ngenxa yalokho, i-HIV namuhla yimbangela eyisikhombisa yokufa kwabesifazane base-Afrika baseMelika namaLatin phakathi kuka-25 no-44.
Ukuhlukunyezwa kwabesifazane
Kukhona ukukhubazeka kwe-HIV ehlukile ngokuphelele kwabesifazane kanye ne-akhawunti ngenxa yokuthi kuningi umehluko kumazinga okutheleleka phakathi kwamadoda nabesifazane emhlabeni jikelele. Zihlanganisa:
- Ukukhubazeka kwezinto eziphilayo kubangelwa ingozi enkulu yegciwane lesandulela ngculazi ngenxa yendawo enkulu ebusweni nesisu somlomo wesibeletho. Lokhu kuphela okuhlinzeka ukufinyelela okulula kwe-HIV ngamathiski amancane angama-mucosal aqondisa umuthi wesifazane wobunikazi. Ngenxa yalokho, abesifazane banokuphindwa kabili ukuthola i-HIV ebuhlotsheni bobulili kunomlingani wabo wesilisa ocansini.
- Ukungalingani ngokobulili kungavimbela abesifazane abasengozini ngokuwaqeda imvume yokucansi kanye nelungelo lokuzivikela. Ukungabi nabulungisa emisebenzini nasemfundweni kuqhubeka nokwandisa lezi zindaba, okwenza abesifazane baxhomeke kakhulu ekusekelweni kwezimali ezivela emadodeni angase ahlukumeze noma ahlukumeze.
- Ukungafani kohlanga kungase kuqhubekele phambili ukuxazulula le nkinga ngamazinga aphezulu obuphofu, ukuboshwa, nokujova ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa okubangelwa ubhubhane (ikakhulukazi emiphakathini yase-Afrika yaseMelika lapho izinga le-HIV liphakeme). Ukungaphumeleli emphakathini wezempilo kanye nokuntuleka kwezinsizakalo ze-HIV ezididiyelwe kwenza abaningi bafinyelele ekunakekelweni okudingayo.
- Abesifazane abahlukumeziwe ngokocansi bangene kakhulu ekuziphatheni okuyingozi kubandakanya abalingani abaningi bezocansi, ubulili obungenalo ikhanda, noma ukushintshana ngocansi ngezidakamizwa.
- Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi ezifana ne-syphilis kanye ne-gonorrhea ngokuvamile kunzima ukuxilonga kwabesifazane, zibeka engozini ephezulu ye-HIV ngenxa yezilonda ezivulekile noma izilonda ezivame ukulahlekelwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukuthi abesifazane bayagwema noma bephuze ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngenxa yezinkinga zemali ngenkathi bezidela izidingo zabo zezokwelapha ezinganeni zabo.
Okungenziwa Kwenziwe
Kunezinyathelo eziningana ezibekwe ukubhekana nezidingo zabesifazane abasengozini ye-HIV. Lezi zibandakanya imikhankaso ehlosiwe ehloselwe abesifazane abanemibala ehambisana nobudala nobuzwe ngokobuzwe.
Ngokombono wezokwelapha, izigidi ziye zachithwa ukucwaninga nokuthuthukisa ama-microbicide angama-topical anganikeza ukuvikelwa "okungabonakali" kusuka e-HIV uma abalingani abasondelene benqaba ukusebenzisa amakhondomu. Imizamo yakamuva yenzelwe ukuvuselela inzalo kukhondomu yabesifazane ngokuthuthukisa ukuklama nokududuza kwedivayisi.
Kulabo besifazane abathintekayo abanesandulela ngculaza, kwenziwa imizamo yokuhlanganisa insizakalo yezempilo yokubeletha nokunakekelwa okuqondene ne-HIV ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izifo zitholakalayo futhi abesifazane bagcinwa ekunakekeleni.
> Imithombo:
> Abdool Karim, Q .; Abdool Karim, S .; UFrohlich, J. et al. "I-Genoli ye-Tenofovir esebenzayo neyokuphepha, i-Antibicroviral Microbicide, yokuvimbela ukutheleleka nge-HIV kwabesifazane." Isayensi. 2010; 329 (5996): 1168-74.
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. 'Ukuqapha Izinkambiso Zokuvimbela Nokunakekelwa Kwegciwane lesandulela Ngculazi kazwelonke Ngokusebenzisa idatha yokuhlola i-HIV . " Umbiko we-HIV Surveillance Supplemental Report." 2016; 21 (4): 1-86.