I-CDC Amaphuzu Okumemezela Okumelana Nezifo Eziphuthumayo Eziphathelene Nama-Gay Amadoda Ombala
Ngo-February 23, 2016, amaCenter for the Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) akhiphe umbiko wokuqala ohlose ukuhlola ingozi yokuphila kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi eMelika, kanye nabantu abathintekayo engcupheni. Akumangalisi ukuthi abantu abahlala eNingizimu (isifunda esaziwa ukuthi banesilinganiso esiphezulu sesandulela-ngculazi esisha) babonakala engozini enkulu kakhulu yokuphila.
Okwakumangalisa ukuthi kwakuyiqiniso ukuthi kwakukhona amadoda amnyama athile-abesilisa abesilisa abathandana nabo-ababikwa ukuthi banesimo esiphuthumayo amathuba amabili okuthola i-HIV esikhathini esizayo, kungakhathaliseki ubudala noma indawo.
Umbiko we-CDC, owahlaziya idatha kazwelonke yokubhekwa kwe-HIV kusukela ngo-2009 kuya ku-2013, wagcizelela ngokwengeziwe ukungalingani emazingeni okutheleleka ngokuhlola ingozi ngokuzibandakanya kwezocansi, ubuhlanga / ubuzwe, nobulili, lapho:
- Amadoda angama-gay nabesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa nabesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane ababikiwe babenengozi yokuphila komunye ongu-11.
- Amadoda omnyama abesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa abesilisa abesilisa abesilisa abathandana nabo babonakala benesifo esisodwa engozini engama-20 (uma kuqhathaniswa nomuntu owodwa engozini engu-132 emadodeni amhlophe abesilisa nabesifazane abasha).
- Ngisho nalabo abasebenzisa izidakamizwa ezijova (IDUs) babonakala bengengozini encane, nabakwa-IDU besilisa abanengozi engama-36 ngesikhathi sokuphila ngenkathi abesifazane abangama-IDU babenengozi yokuphila kwengu-23.
Okwenza abantu baseGay Black bahle kakhulu engozini
Ukuqonda ukungafani okukhulu kwezinga lokuphila nge-HIV akuyona lula ngaso sonke isikhathi. Impendulo evamile, impendulo yokuguqa ngamadolo kungase kube ukuphetha, ngokuhlukumezeka, ukuthi imikhuba yocansi ehambisana nezimo zengqondo kanye nokuziphatha yizona zinto kuphela ezibeka amadoda amnyama angama-gay engozini enkulu kakhulu.
Kodwa iqiniso elilula ukuthi amadoda amnyama angama-gay e-US ahlala e-epicenter of vulnerable intersecting amaningi, okuyinto ndawonye enza ukutheleleka konke kodwa okungenakugwemeka kubantu abathile.
Kusukela ekubukeni komphakathi ngokubanzi, kwaziwa ukuthi noma yikuphi ukushayisana-noma ngabe yi-HIV noma yisiphi esinye isifo esithathelanayo-sivame ukushaya amaqembu ahlehlisiwe ngaphambi kwesigameko sesifo.
Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba ngokuvamile kunezinhlelo ezimbalwa ezikhona zokungenelela, ngezokwelapha nangokwezomthetho, futhi ngokuvamile zincithakalo ezincane zokwenza okuvela kwalabo abangaphandle kwesibalo esincinyiwe.
Sasikubona lokhu ekuqaleni kwengculaza eminyakeni yama-1980 lapho amadoda angama-gay, avela khona esikhathini sokuhlukumezeka kwamaphoyisa nokungahloniphi ngokwengqondo, ahlaselwa yizifo ezithathelwanayo ezingenayo indlela yokuyeka, kwakungekho lutho endleleni wezinsizakalo zezempilo ze-gay noma amaqembu okukhuthaza ukulwa nokungenzi lutho kunombuso kahulumeni noma wesifundazwe.
Ngakho-ke, ngokufa okuvela emakhulwini kuya ezinkulungwaneni, umphakathi wama-gay wazithathela wona (ngokuvamile ngokuhlanganyela kwabantu abathandanayo, abakwa-gay abaphezulu), ukufaka izinsizakalo zabo zokwelashwa (njenge-Cay Men's Health Crisis in New York) namaqembu ezenzo zomphakathi (njenge-ACT UP).
Okufanayo akulona iqiniso kumadoda amnyama angama-gay. Ngenkathi kube nomzamo omkhulu okwenziwe ezingeni likahulumeni ukuze kufinyelele le namba yamadoda, kusekhona i-gap ephawulekayo kwinani lezinhlelo ezisekelwe emphakathini ezihloswe ngokukhethekile kubantu besilisa abanemibala.
Ngokungafani no- Elton John noma u- Larry Kramer ongu-activist-playwright, kunamaqhawe ambalwa angama-gay ahamba phambili ukuze akhulume noma egameni lomphakathi noma abaningi abagubha abamnyama abathinteka kakhulu abamele leli qembu (ngendlela okuthiwa, u-Elizabeth Taylor wenzelwe umphakathi omkhulu wama-gay ekuqaleni kwama-80s).
Ngenxa yalokho, ngokombono wokuvimbela izifo, amadoda amnyama angama-gay ayedwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga eliphezulu lokutheleleka lingakusiza ukuqinisa izinkolelo ezimbi, lapho abantu abamnyama abathandana nabo bebona abanye ukuthi "bengenacala," "baphatha kabi" noma "bathola lokho abafanelwe khona."
Umjikelezo onesihluku oqhubekayo wenyanyisa amadoda amnyama angama-gay ngenkathi ekhipha izinga lokutheleleka elisha kakade.
Ingozi yeHIV ehlanganiswe neVulnerability Multiple
Uma sikhuluma ngokungahambisani nokukhubazeka, sibheka izithiyo ezithile zokuvimbela i-HIV, ukwelashwa nokukhathalela ngaphakathi kwabantu abasengozini. Izithiyo ezingaphezulu zikhona, ingozi enkulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhlonza lezi zithiyo kwenza izinhlangano zezempilo zomphakathi ziqashe izinhlelo nezinhlelo ezithile zokuziqeda kangcono.
Ucwaningo lwe-epidemiological kanye nemitholampilo luye lwabonisa ukuthi, njengeqembu, amadoda amnyama angama-gay asengozini enkulu yegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ngenxa yezizathu eziningi ezicacile nezingezona ezicacile. Phakathi kwazo:
- Ubulili obuhlalisayo buhlala phakathi kwezinkinga eziphezulu kakhulu eziphathelene nokutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, ezithwala ingozi enkulu yokudluliselwa kwe-18 uma kuqhathaniswa nobulili besifazane. Amanani aphezulu okusebenzisana ngezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi aphakamisa ingozi kuphela. I-CDC ibika ukuthi i-syphilis, i-chlamydia, ne-gonorrhea kumadoda amnyama kwenzeka ngezikhathi eziyisithupha, 10 no-16, ngokulandelana, kwamadoda amhlophe e-US
- Amanani aphezulu obuphofu, ukungasebenzi, nokuboshwa emiphakathini emnyama kuhlanganiswa ngokwezinga eliphezulu le-HIV. Njengamanje, izinga lobuphofu phakathi kwabamnyama baseMelika lingamaphesenti angu-27.5 naphezu kwamaphesenti angu 9.9 kumhlophe. Izifundazwe eziseningizimu zingadlulela njalo lezi zibalo, ezifana naseLouisana lapho amaphesenti angu-40 abantu abamnyama aba mpofu.
- Amadoda ombala athambekele ekulaleni ngokobuhlanga bawo ngokwe-CDC, okusho ukuthi amanethiwekhi abo ngokocansi amancane futhi ahlukile kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, amathuba okudluliswa komzimba akhuphuka ngenxa yokuthi kunezinga eliphakeme kakhulu le-HIV kakade ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi.
- Amadoda ombala we-Gay ngokuvamile alala nobulili namadoda amadala njengemiphumela yalezi zinethiwekhi ezincane zocansi. Njengoba amadoda asebekhulile kungenzeka ukuthi abe negciwane lesandulela ngculaza, amadoda amnyama abesilisa abesilisa abesilisa abathandana nabo bavame ukutheleleka ngesikhathi eside kakhulu kunabalingani babo besilisa abesilisa nabesifazane.
- Izinga eliphezulu lokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezifakiwe phakathi kwamadoda amnyama ngokujwayelekile , uma kuqhathaniswa namadoda amhlophe, lihumusha engozini ephakeme (njengoba kubonwe nabesifazane abamnyama abangenayo i-injecting user).
- Ukungaphumeleli kwezenhlalakahle, amaphoyisa, izinkantolo zezempilo kanye nezomphakathi emiphakathini engenayo imali ephansi kunomthelela wokungathembeki jikelele ezinhlelweni zikahulumeni, kuhlanganise nalabo okuhloswe ukuhlola nokuvimbela i-HIV. Ngenxa yalokho, kulinganiselwa ukuthi amaphesenti angaba ngu-75 abantu abamnyama baseMelika abaneminyaka engu-18-64 abazange bahlolwe i-HIV, kanti kuphela amaphesenti angu-34 alabo abaphathwa nge-HIV abahlala benakekelwa.
- Ukungathembeki kweziphathimandla zezempilo zomphakathi kungagcizelela isimo sengqondo esibi mayelana nokuvimbela i-HIV nokwelashwa, ukwandisa ukuphika nokukholelwa izinkolelo . Ngokusho kwesifundo esivela ku-Harvard Medical School ngo-2011, izinkolelo ezinjalo zenza ukuba isikhathi sokusinda samadoda amnyama sinciphise ngokudambisa ukuziphatha ngendlela efanele, kuhlanganise nokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwamakhondomu nokuxhunyaniswa nokunakekelwa okuqondene ne-HIV.
- Ukuzihlambalaza, kokubili okubonakalayo futhi okwangempela, kuphakamisa izinga le-HIV phakathi kwabamnyama baseMelika besaba ukudalulwa kwesimo sabo. Ucwaningo olwenziwa ngo-2008 olwenziwa ngabacwaningi baseKansas State University lisikisela ukuthi izinkolelo ezinamandla zenkolo zazihambisana eduze nokugxila kwe-HIV. Ukuqokomisa lokhu ukucwaswa okubanzi kwamadoda amnyama angama-gay kumabili umuntu nomphakathi womphakathi, okuqhubeka nokushayela abantu engozini ekufinyeleleni ukunakekelwa.
Imithombo Yegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kubantu baseGay Black
I-CDC iklanyelwe izinyathelo eziningi zokubhekana nalezi ziphutha, kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa okusiqinisa umkhankaso wokumaketha womphakathi okuhloswe ngawo amadoda amnyama angama-18 kuya ku-44.
Ukugxila ekusebenziseni ubudlova nokuqwashisa emphakathini omnyama we-gay yi-CDX esekelwa yi-Black Men's Xchange (BMX), ephethe izahluko ezingu-16 e-US, kanye neSikhungo soMnyama Equity, esisebenza nezinhlangano zokuziqhenya zendawo emadolobheni angu-31 ase-US.
Ukuze uthole izinhlelo nezinsizakalo emphakathini wakho noma kuhulumeni, xhumana nesiteshi sakho se -AIDS sehora lesishiyagalombili . Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV okuyimfihlo, xhumana no-800-CDC-INFO (800-232-4636) ngokudluliselwa noma ukusebenzisa i-HIVVu ye-HIV indawo yokuhlola indawo ehlelwe yi-Rollins School of Health Public e-Emory University.
Imithombo:
Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC). "Ingozi yokuphila ngculaza e-United States." I-Atlanta, Georgia; enyatheliswa ngoFebhuwari 23, 2016.
I-CDC. " Ukutholakala kokutheleleka kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza emazweni ase-United States kanye nasezindaweni ezixhomekile, ngo-2013." Umbiko we-HIV Surveillance Report. Februwari 2015; 25: 1-82.
UHenry J. Kaiser Family Foundation (i-KFF). "Abamnyama baseMelika kanye neHIV / AIDS." Ishicilelwe ngo-Ephreli 25, 2014.
Smit, P .; UBrady, M .; UCarter, uM .; et al. "Inhlamba ehlobene negciwane lesandulela ngculaza phakathi kwemiphakathi yama-gay amadoda: Ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi." Ukwelashwa kwe-AIDS. April 2012; 24 (3-4): 405-412.
I-Bogart, L .; Galvan, F .; Wagner, G; et al. "I-Longitudinal Association ye-HIV Yokuziqhenya Ngokweqhinga Ngezocansi Ngengozi Yezocansi Phakathi Kwabesilisa Abomnyama Abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculazi." Ukuziphatha kwe-AIDS. Agasti 2011; 15 (6): 1180-1186.