Izidingo eziyingqayizivele namanje azihambisani neziphathimandla zezempilo zomphakathi
Kuye kwanda isithakazelo somphakathi emiphakathini yabantu base-transgender ngemuva kokuphuma okukhulu kwe-Caitlyn Jenner kanye nemizamo yalabo ababambe iqhaza njengo- Orange Is The New Black, umlingisi we- New Black Laverne Cox kanye nommeli / umlobi uChaz Bono.
Naphezu kokuba yingxenye ye-LGBT emikhulu (umphakathi wama-lesbian, gay, abesilisa nabesilisa nabesifazane), akukhona ukugxila okuningi okubekiwe kubantu abathintekayo, ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene nezingozi zezempilo kanye nezidingo zombili wesilisa nowesifazane (i-MTF) kanye nabesilisa abesilisa nabesifazane (abakwa-FTM).
Ucwaningo lwamuva lubheke umthelela wegciwane lesandulela-ngculaza kubantu base transgender, kuhlanganise nemiphumela yomtholampilo yabantu abaphila negciwane. Lokho okwenziwe kakhulu ukuthi ingozi ye-HIV ayifani nje kuphela phakathi kwaleli qembu labantu, kodwa ukuthi kusekhona ukungaqondani okukhulu ngokuqondene nezidingo zezempilo zabesifazane nabesilisa abangamaphutha, eziningi zazo ezingakapheli.
Ukwanda kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi ku-Transgender People
Esikhathini sesampula esimelele isizwe sabantu abathintekayo ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza abathola ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, kulinganiselwa ukuthi amaphesenti angu-1.3 abhekwa njengabafazi be-transgender Ukubuyekezwa okuhleliwe kwaqhubeka nokuphetha ngokuthi, emazweni angu-16 anesifo esiyingqayizivele esesilisa (kuhlanganise ne-US), ukukhula kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza phakathi kwabesifazane be-transgender kwakulinganiselwa ku-19.1%-isilinganiso esiphezulu kakhulu futhi kubhekwa njengabantu abaningi (okungukuthi, okwenzeka Amaphesenti angu-15 abantu noma ngaphezulu).
Izinga le-HIV, ngokumangalisayo, laliphakeme kumazwe aphezulu (amaphesenti angu-21,6) kunamazwe aphansi nalawo aphakathi kwamaphesenti (amaphesenti angu-17,7), enengozini enkulu yokuthola i-HIV uma kuqhathaniswa nomphakathi jikelele.
Kodwa izinga eliphakeme kunazo zonke, kodwa, lalingama-US, elinamazinga angu-27.7 anesandulela ngculaza.
Ngenkathi kungekho idatha eningi ngokuphathelene ne-HIV kumadoda angama-transgender, amanani okukhula kanye nezenzo zokuzibeka engozini kubhekwa njengento ephansi, ngokusho kocwaningo lwango-2008 lwe-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Ingozi ye-HIV ku-Transgender People
Abesifazane be-Transgender e-US ngokuvamile bahlukunyezwa kakhulu futhi banenkinga yokuphila komphakathi kunabantu abangewona abathintekayo, ngokuvamile abangenamakhaya ngemali ephansi kanye nokutholakala kwempilo encane. Iningi (ngamaphesenti angama-60-70) alitholanga njalo ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngenxa yokungabi nje kuphela kwezindleko kodwa ukungabi namasevisi aphathekayo. Ngenxa yalokho, ingxenye enkulu-kokubili i-MTF ne-FTM-iphoqelelwe ukuthola ukwelashwa kwe-hormonal ngokusebenzisa imithombo engekho emthethweni , umkhuba owaziwa ukwandisa amathuba okutheleleka nge-HIV.
Lezi zinkinga ziqhubeka zikhungathekile emphakathini we-MTF owehlulekayo, lapho izinga eliphezulu lalabo abathintekayo ngokocansi (amaphesenti angu-52), ukuboshwa (amaphesenti angu-37), ubulili ngokushintshanisa izinsiza (amaphesenti angu-59), nobunzima bokuthola umsebenzi (amaphesenti angu-63) bawabeka ingozi ephezulu ye-HIV .
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga eliphezulu lezocansi ngaphansi kwethonya lezidakamizwa noma utshwala (amaphesenti angu-53) nawo ahlotshaniswa namazinga aphezulu wezocansi ezingalondekile ezithandwayo (amaphesenti angu-49). Futhi ngenkathi ukujova ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kanye nokwabelana ngezinaliti kwakubhekwa kungavamile, amaphesenti angu-29 abika ukuthi abe ne-silicon esetshenzisiwe ngokungenalutho emzimbeni-umkhuba ongaxhunywanga ngqo ne-HIV kodwa okuhlobene nemiphumela yezempilo empofu (kubandakanya i- scleroderma , ukubhoboza ukuphefumula, nokuphazamiseka kwe-autoimmune).
Izidingo zezokwelapha ezingenamkhawulo ku-Transgender Women
Zonke lezi zici zifaka nje ekutheni abesifazane besifazane bahlukunyezwe ngokubanzi, ngokuzihlukanisa kanye nokucwasa okuqhubekayo kuthinta amazinga e-HIV kanye nokunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside kwalabo abanegciwane. Lokhu kuboniswa ukungabi khona kokudalulwa kubonwe kwabesifazane abaningi be-transgender abane-HIV. Ukuhlaziywa kuka-2008 yi-CDC kwaphetha ngokuthi, kanti amaphesenti angama-27.7 abesifazane abahlukumezekile bavivinya ukuthi banesandulela ngculaza, kuphela amaphesenti angu-11,8 azibonakalisa ene-HIV.
Lokhu kungase kuchaze, ngokwengxenye, kungani amaphesenti aphansi abesifazane be-transgender akwazi ukugcina ukunakekelwa kwelashwa nokuthi kungani amaphesenti angu-50 kuphela yokwelapha ekwazi ukugcina ukulawula okuphelele kwegciwane .
Ngisho naphakathi kwabesifazane abahlukumezekile abane-inshuwalense yezempilo abavame ukubonana nodokotela jikelele, amaphesenti angu-25 acabangela izindleko, ukufinyelela kochwepheshe, kanye nobumpofu babasebenzi abanolwazi futhi abanolwazi njengezithiyo zokunakekelwa.
Ukuguqulwa kwemikhuba yemitholampilo yamanje-kanye nokuqonda kangcono izidingo zamadoda nabesifazane abahlukumezayo-kungenza ngcono izinga lokunakekelwa kwe-HIV nokuvinjelwa kwalokhu engcupheni yabantu. Ngokuqondile, lokhu kuzodinga ukufaka:
- Ukuzwela okukhulu kanye nezinsizakalo ezifanele ukuxhumana kangcono nomphakathi we-transgender.
- Ukuqaphela ukuthi umuntu we-transgender ungubani njengokweqiniso, kuhlanganise nokusetshenziswa kwezibizo ezifanele nezihloko.
- Ukufinyelela okungcono kwezidingo zezempilo.
- Izinto zokufundisa nezokuvikela ezihambisana nesipiliyoni se-transgender.
Imithombo:
I-Mizuno, Y .; I-Frazier, E .; I-Huang, P .; et al. "Izimpawu ze-Transgender Abesifazane Abaphila Ne-HIV Abathola Ukwelashwa E-United States." I-LGBT Impilo. Ngo-Ephreli 28, 2015; i-doi: 10.1089 / lgbt.2014.0099.
I-Baral, iS .; I-Poteat, T .; Strömdahl, S .; et al. "Umthwalo womhlaba wonke we-HIV kubesifazane abahlukumezayo: ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile nokuhlaziywa kwemeta." Izifo ezithathelwanayo zeLancet. Mashi 2013; 13 (3): 214-222.
I-Herbst, J .; Jacobs, E .; I-Finlayson, T .; et al. "Ukulinganisa Ukutholakala Kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kanye Nezingozi Zabantu Base-Transgender E-United States: Ukubuyekezwa Okuhlelekile." Ukuziphatha kwe-AIDS. Januwari 2008; 12 (1): 1-17.
I-Sanchez, N .; I-Sanchez, J .; kanye ne-Danoff, A. "Ukusetshenziswa Kwezempilo, Izithiyo Zokunakekelwa, nokusetshenziswa KwamaHhomoni Phakathi Kwabantu Abakwa-Male-to-Female Transgender eNew York City." I-American Journal of Health Public. April 2009; 99 (4): 713-719.
Lombardi, E. "Ukwandisa ukunakekelwa kwempilo ye-transgender." I-American Journal of Health Public ; 91 (6): 869-872.