Indaba yokuqala yalolu cwaningo lwezokwelapha oluhambisana ne-ultra-versatile.
Uma kuziwa ekuhlinzekeni kokuhlelwa kwezinzwa, ukujola kwe- Botox noma i-toxin ye-botulinum yindlela ejwayelekile kunazo zonke yokwenza izimonyo ezenziwe namuhla. I-American Society of Surgeons Plastic iqikelela ukuthi ngo-2014 cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingu-7 bathola ukujova kwe-toxin ye-botulinum. Ukuze kube nombono ongcono kulowo mlando, izigidi eziyisikhombisa cishe ziphakathi kwabantu base-Arizona.
Iningi labantu lihlobanisa i-botulinum injection ye-toxin ngokunakekelwa kwemibimbi; Kodwa-ke, le nsizakalo ephawulekayo isetshenziswa kakhulu futhi isetshenziselwa ezinye izimo eziningi, kufaka phakathi ukuphahlazeka, ukuhlunga kweso (okungukuthi, i-blepharospasm), ukuvumelanisa kwentamo (ie, i-dystonia yomlomo wesibeletho), i-migraines, nesigqila esingasebenzi ngokweqile . I-Botox nayo isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwesithukuthezi esinamandla (ie hyperhidrosis).
Indaba yokuthi saqala kanjani ukujoba le-toxin ezincane emzimbeni wethu ukuze siphathe imibimbi kokubili kuyamangalisa futhi ihamba kahle.
Kuyini i-Botox?
I-Botox noma i-botulinum isxin ikhiqizwa yi-bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Endle, ukutheleleka ngeClostridium botulinum kubangela ukugula kwe-botulism, isifo esingavamile kodwa esikhubazayo sokukhubazeka. I-botulism iqala ngokuphazamisa imisipha yobuso, umlomo, nomphimbo ngaphambi kokusabalalisa emzimbeni wonke. Lapho i-botulism ibangela imisipha esetshenziswa ekuphefumuleni, ukufa kungacabangela.
Ngolwazi, ngo-May 2017, kwaba nokuqhuma kwe-botulism eCalifornia emuva kwe-sauce ye-cheese ethengiswa esiteshini segesi. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu abangu-10 baboshwa kwathi omunye umuntu wafa.
Nakuba i- Clostridium botulinum iza ezinkingeni eziningana-ama-serotypes A, B, C1, C2, D, E, F, kanye no-G kuphela kuphela ama-serotypes A no-B asetshenziselwa ukwakha amalungiselelo emitholampilo.
Ngemuva kokujola emisipha, i-botulinum isxin iyanelisa isifo sezinzwa futhi ibopha ngaleyo ndlela ukuvimbela ukukhululwa kwe-acetylcholine, i-neurotransmitter. Ngaphandle kwe-acetylcholine, umsebenzi we-muscle uyayeka. Lokhu okugxilwe kuyo, noma indawo ethize, ukukhubazeka yilokho okususa imibimbi bese eyeka ukuphazamiseka. Ngamanye amazwi, i-Botox isebenza "ngokuphazamisa" imibimbi kude.
Ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukukhululwa kwe-acetylcholine, ubuthi be-botulinum buphazamisa nokukhululwa kobuhlungu kanye nabalamuleli abavuthayo okubandakanya i-P kanye ne-glutamine, okuchaza ukuthi kungani i-botulinum isxin isetshenziselwa ukwelapha ikhanda le-migraine.
Imiphumela emibi ngemuva kokulashwa nge-toxin ye-botulinum ihlanganisa ukulimaza, ukuvuvukala, ukukhanda ikhanda, ukungakhululeki kanye nobuthakathaka bemisipha obungathinta imisipha ehambisana nomsizi owawujojelwe.
Ngaphambi kokujola nge-botulinum isxin, ukusetshenziswa kwama-anticoagulants kufanele kukhishwe amasonto amabili ukuze unciphise ukulimala. Ubuhlungu esakhiweni somjovo kungancishiswa ngokusetshenziswa kwesinaliti encane, ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlinzekwa kwezifo eziphezulu noma ukucubungula indawo ngaphambi komjovo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwelashwa nge-botulinum isxin kufanele kuqalwe kumthamo ophansi futhi kancane kancane ukwanda.
Imiphumela ye-botulinum isxin ivaliwe ngesikhathi.
Ngokukodwa ngemuva kokususwa kwe-chemical, i-nerve iphela ihlume noma ivuselele futhi ukusebenza kuyabuyiselwa emva kwezinsuku ezingu-120. Ngamanye amazwi, emva kokushintsha ukuphela kwezinzwa, i-Botox isebenza cishe izinsuku ezingu-120 ngaphambi kokuba izinzwa zivuselele. Ukusebenza okubuyiselwe kweziphetho zezinzwa kuchaza ukuthi kungani abantu ngezinye izikhathi bethola ukwelashwa okuyingqayizivele ezindaweni ezifanayo.
Ayikho inguqulo yama-generic ye-toxin ye-botulinum, enezinhlobo ezimbalwa emakethe kuhlanganise ne-Botox ne-Dysport. Lezi zakhiwo aziguquguquki futhi zihlukaniswa ngokuhlukile. Lezi zindlela ezihlukene zokubhekwa kwe-toxin ye-botulinum ziyahlukahluka ngesisindo samangqamuzana, izidakamizwa (okungukuthi, isikhulumi sezidakamizwa), kanye namaprotheni anzima.
Imvelaphi yeBotox
I-Clostridium botulinum yatholwa kuqala ngososayensi waseBelgium ogama lakhe lingu-Emile Pierre van Ermengem ngemuva kokuqubuka kwe-botulism eBelgium. Ngawo-1920, ososayensi eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, eSan Francisco, baqale bazama ukuhlukanisa ubuthi be-botulinum. Kodwa-ke, kuthatha iminyaka engu-20 ngaphambi kokuba i-toxin ye-botulinum ihlukaniswe ngesimo sekristallini nguDkt. Edward Schantz.
Ngawo-1970, ososayensi baqala ukusebenzisa i-botulinum toxin ukuphatha i- strabismus (ie, amehlo awela). Ngesikhathi behlola le mithi ezinkambeni, abacwaningi baqaphela ukuthi ubuthi lwe-botulinum buthakathaka imibimbi ku-glabella. I-glabella yilapho isikhumba esiphakathi kwamashiya nangaphezulu kwempumu.
Ngemuva kwe-botulinum i-toxin yaphumelela ekwelapheni i-strabismus, u-Allergan walayisensela ukwelashwa wabeka uphawu lweBotox. Kamuva, i-Botox ithola imvume ye-FDA ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zezokwelapha nezokuqothula.
Nazi izinsuku ezihlukahlukene zokugunyazwa kwe-FDA ze-botulinum toxin:
- Strabismus ne-blepharospasm ngo-1989
- I-dystonia yesibeletho ngo-2000
- Imigqa ye-Glabellar ngo-2002
- I-hyperhidrosis yama-axillary (ukujuluka ngokweqile) ngo-2004
- I-migraine engapheli ne-upper lip spasticity ngo-2010
- Ukungabikho kwe-Urinary ngo-2011
- Izinyawo ze-Crow (imigqa ye-lateral canthal) ngo-2013
Sicela uqaphele ukuthi nakuba odokotela basebenzisa i-botulinum toxin ukuphatha izinhlobo eziningi zobuso bombuso, okuningi kwalokhu ukwelashwa kuvezwe ilebula. Ngamanye amazwi, udokotela wakho usebenzisa isinqumo somtholampilo ukuphatha imibimbi yobuso nge-Botox.
Emibhalweni yezokwelapha, i-botulinum isxin cishe iyaphawuleka ngoba yayingumjovo wokuqala we-microbial esetshenziswa ukuphatha izifo. Umjovo wemikhiqizo yebhaktheriya emzimbeni womuntu umelela isakhi esisha. Ngonyaka odlulayo, abacwaningi bakhula amafomu amaningi ale agent esebenzayo futhi bathole ukusetshenziswa okwengeziwe ngakho.
Izwi elivela
I-Botox iyi-agent eguquguqukayo evame ukusetshenziswa ukuphatha izinhlobo eziningi zemibimbi. Ngokuvamile, ukusetshenziswa kwe-Botox kuphephile, futhi kunemiphumela emibi embalwa. Uma unentshisekelo ekutholeni ukwelashwa kwe-Botox, sicela ukhulume ne-dermatologist yakho.
Imithombo
I-Camargo, i-CP, ne-al. I-toxic for botinical wrinkles (Protocol). I-Cochrane Library. 2014.
Dorizas, A, Krueger, N, Sadick, NS. Ukusetshenziswa kobuciko be-Botulinum Toxin. I-Dermatologic Clinics. 2014; 32 (1): 23-36.