I-Anaphylaxis yindlela enzima yokungezwani komzimba okuvame ukubangelwa ukudla , imithi , nezinambuzane . Iqala ngokuzumayo, ukuthuthuka okusheshayo, futhi kungase kusongele ukuphila. Uzodinga ukuphathwa okusheshayo kwe-epinephrine (adrenaline) ukumisa ukusabela futhi kuzodinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo esibhedlela. Ngemuva kwesiqephu se-anaphylaxis ukuguqulwa komzimba kwakho kuzobe kukhonjisiwe ukuze ukwazi ukuwugwema futhi kufanele uhambise i-epinephrine autoinjector uma kwenzeka uphinda.
Usizo Lokuqala Nokunakekelwa Okuphuthumayo
Ngenxa yokuthi i-anaphylaxis ingasongela impilo, udinga ukuqaphela izimpawu bese uyiphatha njengesimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Amathumba, ukuvuvukala nokuvutha yizimpawu ezivame kakhulu.
Shayela u-911 bese ulawula i-Epinephrine
Shayela u-911 ukuze uthole impendulo yezokwelapha ngokushesha. Uma unayo i-epinephrine injector, udinga ukuyisebenzisa ekuqaleni kokubonisa izimpawu, ngaphambi kokuba ibe nzima. Okwesibili kungabalwa ekusindiseni impilo ngesikhathi se-anaphylaxis.
Uma usiza umuntu ophendulayo, cela i-epinephrine autoinjector yabo. Uma ungenayo injector, abaphenduli bokuphuthumayo bangakwazi ukuphatha i-epinephrine. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezijwayelekile ze-autoinjectors-i-EpiPen ne-Auvi-Q.
Ukuze usebenzise i-EpiPen kumuntu ongakhubaziwe, landela lezi zinyathelo.
- Ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuze ungayibambeli emuva, okuyinto iphutha elivamile bese ugcina ukujova kwisithupha sakho esikhundleni sethanga.
- Donsela ikhanda lokuphepha elimhlophe ngemuva kwedivayisi
- Cindezela ekugcineni okumnyama ngokuqinile emthonjeni womuntu bese ubamba okungenani imizuzwana engu-10. Kungcono ukuyiqondisa ngqo esikhumbeni, kodwa ungakwazi ukujova ngezingubo uma kudingeka.
- Kuyoba khona inaliti evelele ephuma ngaphandle kokumnyama ngemuva kokujola. Sebenzisa ukunakekelwa ukuze ungazinamatheli. Yilahle ngokuphepha esitsha sesitsha emva kwesikhathi (abaphenduli bokuphuthumayo kufanele babe neyodwa).
I-Auvi-Q iyinsimbi ehlotshaniswa emigqeni ngotshani yekhadi lesikweletu. Isebenzisa uhlelo lokusheshisa izwi ukuze linikeze imiyalelo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani ngokunembile futhi uvimbele izitifiketi zesaliti ngengozi.
Umjovo owodwa kusuka ku-autoinjector kungenzeka ukuthi akwanele ukumisa i-anaphylaxis. Kufanele uphathe umthamo wokuphinda ngemva kwemizuzu emihlanu noma eyishumi uma izimpawu ezinzima ziqhubeka, futhi ungakunika ngokushesha uma kudingeka.
I-Epinephrine (i-adrenaline) yodwa yokwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwe-anaphylaxis. Ama-antihistamine ikakhulukazi anciphisa izimpawu ezifana nemifantu nokuvuthwa, futhi i-inhalers ye-asthma izokwenza ngcono izimpawu zokuphefumula, kodwa futhi ngeke neze iphathe i-anaphylaxis.
Ngesikhathi ulinde abaphenduli abaphuthumayo, umuntu ophendulayo kufanele alale phansi aphakamise imilenze. Lokhu kusiza ukugcina ukugeleza kwegazi kuya enhliziyweni ngesikhathi sokushaqeka kwe-anaphylactic. Umuntu angase afune ukuhlala ehlezi uma enenkinga yokuphefumula noma yokuhlanza futhi kufanele umvumele ukuba abe nesimo esihle, ngemilenze ephakeme uma kungenzeka. Umngane kufanele aqaphele ukushaywa komuntu nokuphefumula futhi ahlinzeke i-CPR uma kudingeka.
Susa i-Allergen
Isinyathelo esilandelayo sokuqala sokusiza ekwelapheni ukususa izilonda. Ukusabela okweqile kungaqhubeka uma nje i-allergen isemzimbeni.
Ukuze izibungu zithole izinambuzane, ukhiye ukususa i-stinger ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma i-stinger isesemzimbeni isikhathi eside, ukuphendula kuzoba ngaphezulu. Uma i-allergen ingokwesibindi, njenge-poison ivy noma i-poison oak, uzofuna ukugeza isikhumba ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Endabeni yokudla noma izidakamizwa ezitholiwe, akuningi ongakwenza ngaphandle kokuthi ungaqhubeki ukuthatha umenzi okhubazayo.
Iya esibhedlela
Emva kokujova i-epinephrine, kubalulekile ukuya emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela ukuze kuhlolwe. Lapha odokotela nabahlengikazi bangakuqapha ngokufanele futhi banikeze ukwelashwa okudingekayo uma kudingeka.
Ngaphandle kwe-epinephrine, unganikwa i-oxygen, i-IV fluids, i-antihistamine engu-IV ne-cortisone, ne-beta-agonist efana ne-albuterol ukusiza ekuphefumuleni nasekuvimbeleni impendulo yokugula. Ezimweni ezimbi, ungase uphuthulwe noma ube nesifo esiphuthumayo se-cricothyroidotomy eyenziwe ukuze uthole umoya emaphashini akho.
Uzogcinwa ukuze ubheke amahora ambalwa ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi i-anaphylaxis ibuyele. Kukhona amathuba ezinkinga zomzimba, ikakhulukazi kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-50 nalabo abanesimo senhliziyo.
Kukhona nezinye izinkinga ezingalingisa i-anaphylaxis. Isibonelo, ukuhlaselwa kwesifo se-asthma esinamandla, ukuhlaselwa kwe-panic, noma ukuhlasela kwenhliziyo kungabangela ukuba ube nezimpawu ezifana kakhulu nokuphendula kwe-anaphylactic. Kuye ngomlando wakho, ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, kanye nenqubo yezokwelapha, udokotela angase afune ukulawula ezinye zalezi zimo.
Imigomo
Uzonikezwa uhlelo lokusebenza oluphuthumayo lwe-anaphylaxis ngaphambi kokuba ukhululwe esibhedlela ngemuva kwesiqephu se-anaphylaxis. Lokhu kuzokuqondisa endleleni yokubona izimpawu kanye nezinyathelo okufanele uthathe uma ubona.
I-Epinephrine Autoinjector
Uzonikwa umshwalense we-epinephrine autoinjector (i-EpiPen noma i-Auvi-Q) ukuze uhambe nawe ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kubalulekile ukugcwalisa imithi ngokushesha. Ngokuvamile kunconywa ukuba unezi-autoinjectors ezimbili ngoba abantu abangamaphesenti angama-20 badinga umjovo ongaphezu kweyodwa ukuyeka i-anaphylaxis. Ngomntwana, kufanele usebenze nesikole esenzweni sohlelo lokufinyelela ku-autoinjector uma kudingeka. Ijectject kumele ivikelwe ekukhanyeni futhi igcinwe kwisitsha sayo sangaphandle. Akufanele kube seqandisini. Kufanele uhlole ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isixazululo sicacile futhi singenambala futhi siwubeke esikhundleni uma siphenduka ensundu noma sibe cristalised noma hazy.
Ukuhlola okwengeziwe nokuhlolwa
Ngemuva kwesiqephu se-anaphylaxis, udokotela wakho angakuhlela ezinye ukuhlolwa noma ukuhlolwa. Ungathunyelwa ku-allergenist. okuyinto onguchwepheshe wezokwelapha ku-allergies ne-anaphylaxis. Kungenzeka ukuthi ahlele ukuhlolwa kwesilwane nokuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze anqume ukuthi unesifo sengqondo esingempela yini nokuthi iyiphi inkambo yokwelashwa engcono kunazo zonke ongase uyivikele ekuvimbeleni iziqephu ezizayo ze-anaphylaxis. I-allergenist yakho ingancoma ama-antihistamine noma ama-corticosteroids njengezokwelapha ngeziqephu zesikhathi esizayo. Uma une-asthma, izifo ezingavamile zepulmonary, noma isifo senhliziyo udokotela wakho uzosebenza nawe ukulawula kangcono njengoba lokhu kuphakamisa ingozi yokufa ngesikhathi u-anaphylaxis.
Immunotherapy
I-allergenist yakho ingase iphakamise imithi ye-immunotherapy (i-allergies shots) ukusiza ukuvimbela ukusabela esikhathini esizayo. Lezi zitholakalayo kuphela ngenxa yezifo zokwelapha ezinambuzane futhi hhayi ezinye izimbangela. Imfundo emihlanu ye-immunotherapy yezinambuzane ezinambuzane inganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yesikhathi esizayo se-episode of anaphylaxis.
Indlela yokuphila
Ukugwema izifo ezibangelwa i-anaphylaxis yingxenye yelungiselelo lokwelapha. Kodwa-ke, okunye okubangela, njengamaqembu athile okudla, kungaba nzima ukugwema.
- Ukudla: Noma nini lapho ukudla kuholela ku-anaphylaxis, kudinga ukuqedwa ekudleni. Kungase kudingeke ufunde ukuthi ungafunda kanjani amalebula okudla futhi ube ne-hypervigilant mayelana nokubuza mayelana nokulungiselela nokumisa ukudla okungekho ekhaya lakho.
- Ukukhala kwezinambuzane / ukugqoka : Ukugqoka izingubo zokuzivikela kuyisici esibalulekile sokuvimbela lolu hlobo lwe-anaphylaxis. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukugqoka izicathulo ezivaliwe, izingubo ezisekude, izigqoko, nokuphuza eziqukathi ezivulekile uma ngaphandle.
- Imithi: Udinga ukuqaphela ukuthi imithi inegama elihlukile futhi lenziwe ngabakhiqizi abaningi abahlukene. Ngenxa yalokho, kubalulekile ukuba ufunde hhayi kuphela imishanguzo obenayo ukusabela okuqondile kodwa futhi nemithi efanayo namagama abo kanye namagama ajwayelekile.
Kumele futhi ucabange ukugqoka isongo sezokwelapha. Uma utholakala ungasabeli, abaphenduli bezimo eziphuthumayo bangabona ukuthi uke wabhekana nokuphendula okungenzeka ukuthi u-anaphylactic uyasabela futhi bangakunika ukunakekelwa okufanele futhi okusheshayo.
> Imithombo:
> Boyce JA, Assa'd A, Burks AW, et al. Izikhombandlela Zokuqapha Nokuphathwa Kwezokudla Zomzimba E-United States: Umbiko we-Panel Expert-Sponsored Panel. I-Journal ye -ergy and Immunology Clinic . 2010; 126 (6 0): S1-58. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.jaci.2010.10.007.
> Campbell RL, Kelso JM. Anaphylaxis: Ukwelashwa Okuphuthumayo. Kusesikhathini. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/anaphylaxis-emergency-treatment.
> Simons FE, u-Ardusso LR, uDimov V, et al. I-Worldergyergy Organisation Inhlangano ye-Anaphylaxis Guidelines: 2013 Ukuvuselelwa koBufakazi Bokufakaza. Int Arch Ukuzivocavoca Immunol 2013; 162: 193-204.