Konke Okudingeka Ukwazi Ngezinyosi Nezinyosi
Ungazi kanjani ukuthi uthola ukwelashwa kwezinyosi futhi yiziphi izinhlobo zokuphendula okungase zenzeke? Yini okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nokwelashwa kwezibhamu, futhi lokhu kungaba yiphuthumayo nini? Ukudonsela kwesifo sofuzo kungasiza kanjani "ukuphulukisa" ukungezwani komzimba kwabanye abantu? Masikhulume ngakho konke okudingayo ukwazi ngezinyosi zokugulisa izinkinga.
Sibutsetelo
Ukusabela okwenziwe okwenziwe yizilwane ezindizayo ezinwabuzelayo (izinyosi, ama-hornet, ama-wasps, amajackti aphuzi, nezintuthwane zomlilo) zivamile.
Abantu abaningi ababethelwa yizi zinambuzane bazoba nesisombululo esiteshini se-sting esizobangela ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, ukubomvu nokubamba. Amaphesenti amancane abantu-amaphesenti angaba ngu-10 ukuya kwengu-15-nawo azobhekana nezindawo ezinkulu zokuvuvukala, futhi ukuvuvukala kungadlulela ngesonto. Ngaphansi kokuvamile, abantu bangase babe nesifo esiphezulu esinamandla esibizwa ngokuthi i- anaphylaxis . Abantwana abangaba ngu-1 kwabangu-200 kanye namaphesenti amathathu abantu abadala bazobhekana ne-anaphylaxis ngemuva kokuluma kwezinambuzane ezimbi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abangaba ngu-40 e-United States bafa minyaka yonke ngenxa yokungabi nengozi, nakuba kungenzeka ukuthi abanye abantu bafa ngenxa yezinambuzane ezibangelwa ezinye izimbangela, ngakho-ke le nombolo cishe isilinganiso esincane. Iningi lalaba bantu bafa phakathi kwabantu abangenalo umlando owaziwayo wezinkinga zokungabi namagciwane.
Izingozi Zezingozi
Lokho esanda kuphawula-ukuthi ukufa kwabantu abaningi ngenxa yezinyosi ezibangelwa izinyosi ezenzeka kulabo ababengazi ukuthi bayaphila-kungabangela ukwethusa.
Khumbula ukuthi nakuba lokhu kuyingozi, inamba encane ehlobene nezinye izingozi eziningi phakathi kwethu. Omunye wezilwane ezikhumbuza izikhumba ukhumbuza iziguli zakhe ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi bazofa emotweni lapho beya epaki kunokuba bee sting ngenkathi bedlala epaki. Ngenkathi isifo esibi kakhulu sezinyosi singase senzeke kunoma ubani, labo abanomlando wezinye izifo ezithathelisayo, njenge-allergenic rhinitis ( hayfever ) ne- asthma basengozini enkulu.
Ngaphambi kokuya ekujuleni kwezinyosi ukubhebhetheka komzimba, kubalulekile ukubuyekeza izibonakaliso nezimpawu ze-anaphylaxis. Uma ubuye uboshwe futhi unayo yalezi zimpawu, yeka ukufunda futhi ufune ukunakekelwa ngokushesha.
Izimpawu Nezibonakaliso
Uma umuntu enomzimba wonke (isistimu, noma i-anaphylactic) yokusabela okwenziwe okwenziwe izifo ezinambuzane, angathola noma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo, ngokuvamile ngaphakathi kwendaba yamaminithi amahora ambalwa:
- Ukubamba konke
- I-hives noma ukuvuvukala okusakazeka kusayithi le-sting
- Ukuqhuma
- Ikhala eligijimayo, ukunyundela noma ukudonsa ngemuva
- Amehlo / amanzi
- Ukuvuvukala kwezindebe, ulimi noma umphimbo
- Ukuphefumula, ukushaya noma ukukhwehlela
- Ukwehla kwesisu, isicashu, ukuhlanza noma isifo sohudo
- Ukuncipha, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukucindezela kwegazi okuphansi noma ukuphuma
- Umqondo wokwethuka noma umuzwa wokubhujiswa okuzayo
- Inambitheka ensimbi emlonyeni
Izinambuzane Ezibangela Ukuqeda Amanxeba
Kunezinambuzane eziningana ezihlukahlukene ezinwabuzelayo ezindizayo ezingabangela ukulimala kwe-venom. Nakuba kungase kube usizo kamuva, ukuhlonza inambuzane eqondile eyabangela ukungezwani komzimba akubaluleke kangako kunokufuna ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kwezokwelapha. Uma ucabangela ukungezwani komzimba kudutshulwa lolu lwazi kungasiza, njengoba izindlela zokwelashwa ezihlukene zisetshenziselwa izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene.
Lokho kusho ukuthi ukuhlolwa kokungezwani komzimba kusetshenziselwa kanye nomlando ukusiza ukucacisa umqondo oqondile. Ake sibheke ezinye zalezi zinambuzane:
Amajackti aphuzi yizinambuzane ezinjenge-wasp-like ezihlala emakhulwini ezakhiwe emhlabathini, Zivame ukuba izinambuzane ezinonya, futhi ziyisisulu esivamile emapikiniki nasezindaweni ezizungeze amathanga okudoba lapho kukhona ukudla nokuphuza okweshukela. Ukugxila emlonyeni noma ngaphakathi emlonyeni noma emphinjeni kungenzeka uma isiphuzo sithathwa e-soda evulekile ye-soda ukuthi ijaji eliphuzi lagijimele. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukushaya ngezigqoke eziphuzi kungabangela ukutheleleka kwesikhumba ngoba lezi zinambuzane zingathwala amabhaktheriya.
Amacilongo , kuhlanganisa amaphondothi aphuzi namhlophe, akha iphepha-mâché uhlobo lwezitshalo ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni. Lezi zinambuzane zingase zibe nobudlova, futhi zibambe abantu ngenxa yokuphazanyiswa okuncane, njengomuntu oseduze osongela utshani noma ukusika umuthi.
Amapulangwe akha izindwangu zamanki ngaphansi kwezindlu zendlu, noma esihlahleni, shrub noma ngaphansi kwefenisha ifenisha. Bavame ukuhlukumezeka kakhulu kunezigqoko eziphuzi namapayipi, ikakhulukazi bedla izinambuzane kanye ne-flower.
Ama-honeybees avame ukuhlala esihlahleni semithi, izingodo noma ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo. Ukushiya emcimbini wabo, ama-honeybees avame ukungabi nabusabekayo kodwa angaba nobudlova uma umuthi wabo usongelwa noma uphazamiseka. Ukubamba izinyosi kuvamile lapho umuntu ehamba ngesihlangu esingenalutho. Yiyo kuphela inambuzane ehlabayo ukushiya i-stinger esikhumbeni sesisulu, nakuba ezinye izinambuzane ezigulisayo ngezikhathi ezithile zenza kanjalo. Nakuba kuye kwabhalwa okuningi mayelana nokususa ama-stingers, indlela engcono kakhulu yinoma yikuphi okusheshayo. I-stinger isesikhumba isikhumba eside (kuze kube semasekhondi angu-20 nanoma kunjalo) isifo esingase sibe nesifo.
Ama-honeybees ase-Afrika ahlukume kakhulu kunama-honeybees asekhaya, okwakhiwa ama-honeybees ase-Afrika ahamba phambili ehamba ngezinyosi zasekhaya eNingizimu Melika ngenhloso yokukhiqiza uju omkhulu. Ubuhlungu babo bufana ne-honeybees yasekhaya-okusho ukuthi umuntu uthola ukwelashwa emanzini athile uyoba nomzimba wezinyosi. Bavame ukushaya ngamaqembu amakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi ngamakhulu.
Izikhubekiso azivami ukushaya abantu ngenxa yokuthi azizona ezinobudlova futhi zivame ukuziphatha kahle. Bazophoqa uma bekhungathekile noma uma isidleke sabo siphazamiseka, kodwa sikhulu kakhulu futhi sihamba kancane, umuntu ngokuvamile unesikhathi esiningi nesiluleko sokubalekela. Zihlala emhlabathini noma ezinqwabeni zemifino noma utshani bese zidla ngezinambuzane kanye nembali.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ungathola kanjani ukuthi iyiphi insect eyakugubha .
Ukuvimbela
Kulula, indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ukusabela okweqile ukugwema ukugubha. Nazi amathiphu ambalwa:
- Hiring umqashi oqeqeshiwe ukuze aphathe noma iziphi izidleke ezaziwayo endaweni eseduze; ukubhekwa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kuqhutshekwe ukuqhuma okuqhubekayo kufanele kwenziwe.
- Gwema ukubuka noma ukuhogela njengembali. Ungagqoke izingubo ezinemibala egqamile noma ama-flower editing, noma amakha noma ezinye izicabha ezizoheha izinambuzane.
- Gqoka njalo izicathulo uma uhamba ngaphandle, ikakhulukazi utshani.
- Gqoka amabhulukwe, amahembe amakhulu, amagilavu, izicathulo eziseduze, namasokisi uma usebenza ngaphandle.
- Qaphela lapho usebenza ezungeze amahlathi, izihlahla, izihlahla kanye namathini.
- Hlola njalo ukudla neziphuzo (ikakhulukazi amathini amaphepha e-soda noma okuphuzwayo ngamagundane) ngaphambi kokuba adle, ikakhulukazi emachibini nasemapinkiki, lapho kutholakala khona amajack aphuzi.
- Gcina i-insecticide, evunyelwe ukuba isetshenziswe ezinambuzanini ezihlabayo, kuyatholakala uma ukwelashwa kwesidleke kuyadingeka.
Ukuhlola
Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwesifo sofuba noma ngokusebenzisa i- RAST . Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kuseyindlela ekhethwayo futhi inqubo ifana nokuhlolwa kwemithi ye-pollen noma yesilwane. Kodwa-ke, kungase kudingeke ukuthi usebenzise ukukhushulwa kweziqhumane ze-venom ukuze uhlolwe. I-Allergists ivame ukuhlola zonke izinambuzane ezinamafutha (izinyosi, ama-wasps, njll.) Kusukela izifundo zibonise ukuthi ngokuvamile abantu abakwazi ukubona ukuthi iyiphi inambuzane abayibophe.
Umuntu ogonywe yisinambuzane esisodwa kuphela angabonisa ukuhlolwa okubangelwa yizifo zofuzo ezingaphezu kweyodwa kwezinambuzane. Kulesi simo, ngokuvamile ukwelashwa usebenzisa isifo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlobo.
Ngubani okufanele ahlolwe
Akuyona njalo icala elicacile okufanele lihlolwe i-bee allergies, kodwa ngokujwayelekile:
Ukuhlolwa akudingekile Uma umuntu engakaze aguqulwe yizinambuzane, noma angakaze abe nezimpawu (ngaphandle kobuhlungu esiteshini se-sting) ngenxa yesigwegwe, akudingeki ukuba enze noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa kobuhlungu obubangelwa yizinyosi.
Noma, uma ingane engaphansi kweminyaka eyi-16 ubudala inezibonakaliso zesikhumba kuphela (njengemifuba nokuvuvukala) ngemuva kwesisu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-anaphylaxis izokwenzeka kuphela kumaphesenti angu-10 ezimbongolo ezizayo.
Noma, uma ingane noma umuntu omdala ene-reaction enkulu yasendaweni, lapho ukuvuvukala kwenzeka khona endaweni yesiteji kuphela, ngokuvamile akusizathu sokwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-venom noma ukuhlinzeka ngezidakamizwa zokudla okubangelwa yizinyosi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ithuba lokuhlakulela i-anaphylaxis ngezinyosi ezizayo kuphela ngamaphesenti angu-5 kuya kwangu-10 kokubili izingane kanye nabantu abadala. (Ucwaningo oluthile lubonisa ukuthi lezi zindlela zokuphendula zingancipha ngokusetshenziswa kwe-immunotherapy ye-venom, futhi lokhu kungadingeka ezimweni lapho ukuqhuma kuvame khona futhi ukuvuvukala kuphazamisa izinga lomuntu lomuntu noma ikhono lokusebenza.)
Ukuhlolwa kuyadingeka: Uma umuntu kunanoma yimuphi umdala unezimpawu ze-anaphylaxis (bheka ikhasi 1) ngemuva kokugubha. Kungenxa yokuthi lowo muntu unezithuba ezingamaphesenti angama-60 kuya kwangu-70 ukuthi izibungu ezinambuzane ezizayo zizokwenza ukusabela okunjalo. Ithuba lokuphendula nge-sting elizayo lizokwehla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kodwa lisekhona cishe ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-20 eminyakeni eminingi emva kokugquma kokugcina.
Futhi, uma kukhona ukukhathazeka okukhethekile kwabazali noma ingane isengozini enkulu yokuqhuma njalo, ukuhlolwa kwesifo kanye nokwelapha kuyindlela enengqondo. Abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-16 abanenkinga efanayo kufanele babe nokuhlolwa kwe-venom nokwelapha, banikezwe ingozi ephezulu ye-anaphylaxis nama-future stings.
Okuphawulayo : Uma umuntu etholakala enesifo esihle sokungenwa kwemithwalo yemilenze esiyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa engakaze abe nezimpawu nge-stings, ithuba lokuthuthukisa i-anaphylaxis nge-stings elizayo cishe cishe ngamaphesenti angu-17.
Ukwelapha
Ukwelashwa kwesifo sofuba kuhilela ukuphathwa kwe-acute reaction, kanye nokuvimbela ukusabela okuzayo.
Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kokusabela okunamandla. I-Epinephrine iyindlela yokwelapha i-anaphylaxis. Abantu abanezinyosi ezibangelwa inhlungu bayakhuthazwa ukuba baphathe uhlobo oluzimele lwe-epinephrine, njenge-Epi-Pen noma i-Twin-Ject idivayisi. Uma le mithi iyadingeka, kuyadingeka ukwelapha ngokushesha, futhi lowo muntu kufanele abize 911 noma aye ekamelweni eliphuthumayo.
Uma ukushaywa noma ukuvuthwa kungukuphela kwesimpawu, i- antihistamine yomlomo ingaba yiyo yonke into edingekayo nakuba ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okuphuthumayo kusacelwa. Uma izimpawu ziba nzima noma ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba kuthinta ikhono lokuphefumula, khona-ke i-epinephrine iyodingeka.
Uma i-stinger ihlala esikhumbeni, njenge-honeybee sting, kufanele isuswe masinyane ukuze i-venom engaphezulu ingenwa ku-sting. Ungafaki isitembu noma isayithi lesikhumba-esikhundleni salokho, susa i-stinger ngaphandle ngezinyosi noma usule i-stinger ngaphandle komkhawulo wekhadi lesikweletu. Faka i-ice noma i-compress ebandayo endaweni yesiteji ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kwendawo.
Ukwelashwa kokuphendula kwangomuso. Ukuze uvimbele ukusabela ezitshalweni zezimbungulu ezizayo, gwema ukuba nezinambuzane eziphazamisayo. Uma umuntu eye wabhekana ne-anaphylaxis, noma izimpawu zomzimba wonke (imifuba, ukuvuza, ukuqhuma, ukuvuvukala endaweni yesiteji) kulawo angama-16 noma ngaphezulu, khona-ke kutholakala inhlungu nokuhlolwa.
Imithi ye-Immunotherapy, noma i- allergies , usebenzisa inhlamba ehlanzekile evela kuhlobo lwesinambuzane umuntu ayenayo i-allergen, ingelaphekisa isifo somzimba. Ukudla kwesifo sofuba usebenzisa inhlamba ehlanzekile kunikezwa ngendlela efana neyomzimba wokudonswa kwemifino yokuphuza impova. Ngemuva kokuba umuntu ethola ukulingana okufanelekile kwe-venom shorts shots, ithuba lokuziphendulela nge-stings ezayo liyancipha libe ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-5. Ngemuva kochungechunge lwezinhlungu zokungabi nhlobo kwezilwane okungenani iminyaka engu-3 kuya kweyesihlanu, abantu abaningi bangakwazi ukuyeka ukudubula ngaphandle kokwanda okukhulu kwithuba lokuphendula okwenyuka.
Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu abanezimpikiswano ezinzima, ezisongela ukuphila ezivela ezinambuzaneni, noma labo abaye babhekana ne-anaphylaxis ezibangelwa yizinyosi ezibangelwa yizinyosi, bangadinga izifo ezithathelwanayo ezibangelwa ukuphila. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amathuba omuntu wokuphendula ngemigodi yesikhathi esizayo angakhuphuka kancane kancane kuze kube ngamaphesenti angama-20 eminyakeni eminingi ngemuva kokuba ama-shorter allergies amisiwe. Lesi sihloko siyindawo eguqukayo yokucwaninga okubangelwa yizinyosi futhi sidinga ingxoxo ngokucophelela phakathi komuntu kanye ne-allergenist yabo.
Kulabo abanezifo ezimbi kakhulu okufanele-ngenxa yomsebenzi noma ukuzilibazisa-zibe sesimweni lapho ukuqhuma kungase kwenzeke khona kalula, kufanele ukhethe ukukhethwa kwe- immunotherapy . Ukuzivivinya okusheshayo okunjengeziphuthumayo, nakuba kubhekene nengozi eyengeziwe yokusabela, kungabangela ukulawulwa kwezifo ezinamahloni ngokushesha kakhulu ukuthi "ukujwayeleka" kokungezwani komzimba.
Ngemuva kokungezwani komzimba we-Bee allergies
Abanye be-allergen bathi benza ukuhlolwa kokuvivinya umzimba, noma ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba noma i-RAST, ngemva kokuba i-immunotherapy yenzelwa isikhathi esithile. I-Venom immunotherapy ingagqanyiswa kubantu abaningi abanokuhlolwa kobuchopho buyaguquka, nakuba uvivinyo aluhlali lubi njalo, ngisho nakubantu abaye bathola ama-shorter allergies iminyaka.
Ucwaningo lwamuva lubonisa ukuthi izingane eziningi eziqala ukudubula kwezifo ezibangelwa izinyosi zezinyosi aziqedi ukwelashwa kwazo. Khumbula ukuthi ukudubula kwamagciwane kungaphilisa i-bee sting yokungezwani komzimba futhi kuncishise amathuba okuba nesifo sengqondo esasongela ukuphila esikhathini esizayo, kodwa kufanele ukwenze ukwelashwa okugcwele.
Okubalulekile
Bonke abantu abanomlando wokuziphendulela okubangelwa ukulimala kwezinambuzane, kuhlanganise nabantwana abanezimpikiswano zesikhumba kuphela, ngisho nalabo abanezimpendulo ezinkulu zendawo, kufanele bacabange ukuthi banesimo esithile sokuqaphile kwezokwelapha , kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isongo, ikhadi lesikhwama, noma i-ID yomqulu okukhomba isimo sabo sezokwelapha , kanye nokuba ne-injectable ye-epinephrine etholakalayo ukusetshenziswa okusheshayo. Le EpiPen kufanele ithathwe nawe nomaphi lapho uya khona. I-TSA ngokuvamile ikuvumela ukuba uthwale i-EpiPen yakho nawe ekuhambeni kwakho uma uhamba, kodwa hlola phambili ukuze uqiniseke.
Izinyosi zezinyosi zivame, futhi ukusabela okweqile kungabangela ukusabela okujulile noma ngisho nokufa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuqaphela izimpawu ze-anaphylaxis nokubiza ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kunganciphisa ingozi yalezi zinkinga ezisongela ukuphila.
Iningi labantu abanomthelela omncane ngeke lidinga isibhamu, kodwa izibhamu ezithathelwanayo zinikeza ithuba lokuthola ukwelashwa kulabo abanezifo ezinzima.
Kubalulekile ukuphawula isikhathi sokugcina sokuthi iningi labantu ababulawa ngenxa yezinyosi ezibangelwa ukwelashwa okwenzekayo kulabo abangenalo ukuziyeka komzimba. Wonke umuntu kufanele azi kahle izimpawu nezimpawu ze-anaphylaxis nokuthi ungaxhumana kanjani nosizo oluphuthumayo uma kudingeka.
> Imithombo
- > Fiedler, C., Miehe, U., Treudler, R., Kiess, W., no F. Prenzel. Ukulandelwa Kwezingane Zesikhathi Eside Ngemva Kwe-Venom Immunotherapy: Ukuvumelana Okuphansi Nezinhlahlandlela Zase-Anaphylaxis. I-Archives Yomhlaba Wonke Yokuzifola Kwegazi Ne-Immunology . 2017. 172 (3): 167-172.
- > Kasper, uDennis L .., u-Anthony S. Fauci, noStephen L .. Hauser. Izimiso zikaHarrison zeMithi yangaphakathi. ENew York: Mc Graw Hill Education, 2015. Phrinta.
- > Vachova, M., Panzner, P., Malkusova, I., Hanzlikova, J., noT. Vlas. Ukusebenza kokuhlolwa kwelabhulogi ukuhlolwa kwesifo se-Hymenoptera Venom. Ukuguqulwa kwesifo sofuba kanye ne-Asthma Proceedings . 2016. 37 (3): 248-55.