Amadoda asengozini enkulu yalesi sifo
I-Hepatitis B ukuvuvukala kwesibindi esibangelwa igciwane. Emhlabeni jikelele, kunezinqola ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingaphezu kuka-400 zezifo zesifo sobhejane B. Abantu abangu-200 000 abanesifo sokushisa kwesibindi B minyaka yonke e-US, abayishumi kuya ku-15 000 bayaqhubeka nokuhlakulela uhlobo oluyingozi lwesifo. Amadoda kaningi amathuba okuba abesifazana abe abathwali abangapheli besifo se-hepatitis B (HBV), kodwa izizathu zalokhu azicacile.
Izinhlobo ze-Hepatitis B
Kubantu abadala abathola igciwane le-Hepatitis B, amaphesenti angama-95 ahlanze igciwane futhi aqhubeke enefomu elingapheli lesi sifo. Abanye abantu banezibonakaliso ezimbalwa noma akekho nhlobo, ngakho-ke bangase bangaqapheli ukuthi bane-HBV noma ukuthi babenalo.
Abantu abaningi abadala bazosusa igciwane ngokuphelele ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ama-antibodies evikelayo akhiqizwa ngenkathi elwa nokutheleleka kusho ukuthi abantu ababenakho ngeke bahlale bekhathazeka nge-HBV futhi-bayoba nomzimba omzimba.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokutheleleka kwe-hepatitis B:
- Izithwali ezinempilo ezingapheli ze-hepatitis B azibheki kwabanye futhi, nakuba zingase zibe nomngcipheko we-cirrhosis kanye nomdlavuza wesibindi kunabantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi baphila ukuphila okuvamile. Igciwane lingasetshenziswa ukuvuselelwa uma amasosha omzimba aqala ukucindezelwa, njengesikhathi sokugula okukhulu, ngenkathi ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa ezingenayo i-immunosuppressant yezifo ezifana nomdlavuza noma i-AIDS, noma ngezidakamizwa ezifana ne-steroids.
- Isifo esithathelwanayo esithathelwanayo esithathelwanayo esibhedlela B sithinta kakhulu. Umuntu onayo kungenzeka ukuthi unesibindi esicukile kakhulu nesonakaliswe ngisho nalapho umuntu enesibonakaliso esincane noma engekho. Abantu abanalolu hlobo lwe-hepatitis B banamathuba amaningi okuba nezifo eziqhubekayo eziholela e-cirrhosis. Amaphesenti amahlanu kuya kwezingu-10 kuphela anesisindo esingenasifo kwabanye, futhi angasondeli ukulimala kwesibindi, noma ngezinye izikhathi ukuguqula igciwane kwenzeka.
- I-hepatitis B engapheliyo yintsholongwane iyisimo esithintekayo segciwane ngokuguqulwa okungunaphakade kwe-genetic ye-virus ye-hepatitis B. Labo abanalo bangakwazi ukutheleleka kwabanye futhi kucatshangwa ukuthi banamathela kakhulu ekwelapheni kunezinye izinhlobo zesifo.
Ukuthutha
I-Hepatitis B iyadluliselwa ngamanzi ahlanzekile emzimbeni afana nalokhu:
- Igazi
- Khupha
- Izinyembezi
- I-saliva
- I-Semen
- Imfihlo yesiguli
- Ukuya esikhathini
- Ubisi lwebele
Ukudluliselwa kungase kwenzeke uma usebenzisa isirinji esifanayo njengomuntu onegciwane, njengokuthola igazi ngaphambi kuka-1975 (izimpahla zegazi manje sezihlolwe emazweni amaningi) futhi zithola izidakamizwa noma ukubhoboza umzimba.
I-Hepatitis B nayo ingadluliselwa ngesikhathi sokubeletha kusukela kumama kuya komntwana, ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, ngokutholakala komsebenzi, nangesikhathi sokulala ngokocansi. Ukuba ne-Hepatitis B akusho ukuthi umuntu uyasakazeka kwabanye abantu, kuphela abantu abathile abane-HBV abasakazekayo.
Izimpawu Nezibonakaliso
Kunezindlela eziningi abantu abangathola ukuthi bane-hepatitis. Ngenxa yokuthi ngezinye izikhathi zimbalwa izimpawu ezithile ezingaphezu kokukhathala, isibonelo, ukuthi kungatholakala kuphela lapho ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwenziwa-ngezinye izikhathi ngezizathu ezingahambisani, njengokungathi kunikezwa ngeminikelo yegazi, ngezinhloso zomshuwalense, ukuhlolwa kwezempilo jikelele, noma uma okulandela ukulimala okuhlobene nomsebenzi.
I-Hepatitis B enamandla
Ngesimo sayo esibi, izifo ze-hepatitis B zingenza umuntu azizwe egula kakhulu. Abanye bangakholelwa ukuthi banomkhuhlane kanti abanye bangase bangaboni izimpawu nhlobo.
Izimpawu zihlanganisa i-jaundice, i-fever, ubuhlungu besisu, isifiso esingenamsoco, isisulu sokunambitheka, ukuhlanza, ukukhathala, umchamo omnyama omnyama, izitofu ezikhanyayo, ubuhlungu bomzimba nobuhlungu obuhlangene , nokuphuza. Isibindi singabuye sikhuliswe futhi sibe nesineke.
I-hepatitis ye-Fulminant iyinhlobo eqinile kodwa engavamile kakhulu ye -hepatitis enzima . Kungase kuqale ngokukhathala nokucabangela, kodwa, ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa, izimpawu nezimpawu zibizwa. Cishe ngemva kwamasonto amabili emva kokuba i-jaundice iqala, ukukhula kwengqondo kukhula.
I-encephalopathy yisimo sengqondo sokukhubazeka noma sokuguqulwa. Ngendlela yaso emnene, kungase kube khona ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo yesikhashana, ukukhohlwa, ukuxubha kwenkulumo, ubuntu obuncane bokuziphatha noma izinguquko zokuziphatha, noma izinguquko emaphethini okulala.
Ngesimo salo esinzima, umuntu angase alahlekelwe yimemori enkulu (engazi usuku, unyaka, igama lawo noma ikheli), ukudideka, ukubonisa ukuziphatha okungalungile, ukusebenzisana okungalungile, i-asterixis (ukuphazamiseka okungaqondakali kwezandla), fetor hepaticus ( ukuphunga umoya ophefumulayo), kanye ne-coma. Kuze kube ngamaphesenti angama-85 abantu abanalolu hlobo lwe-hepatitis engavamile abazofa ngaphandle kokufakelwa kwesibindi .
I-Hepatitis B engapheli
Futhi, izibonakaliso nezimpawu ziyahlukahluka futhi abantu abaningi ngeke bazi ukuthi kukhona okuphawulekayo okungalungile noma okuthola izimpawu ezingacacile kuphela. Lezi zingabandakanya ukukhathala okuncane noma okungenakuphumula, i-jaundice, nesibindi esandisiwe. Ngeshwa, uma isifo sofuba esingapheli singasuswa umzimba noma singelashwa ngempumelelo futhi siphulukiswa, isifo sesibindi noma ukuhluleka kwesibindi kungabangela.
Izivivinyo zegazi zokuhlola
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuzobonisa ukuthi kukhona khona isifo nokuthi yini ethintekile. Ukuhlolwa kwesifo se-serology ye-hepatitis B kuzokunikeza ukuxilongwa okunembile kohlobo lwe-hepatitis okwamanje njengoba kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zegciwane.
Umsebenzi wesibindi
Lezi zivivinyo zegazi zibonisa ukuthi isibindi sisasebenza kangakanani kodwa asihlolisi ngokunembile yonke imisebenzi eminingi futhi ehlukahlukene isibindi sinesibopho emzimbeni wethu. Bahlola izinga le-enzyme yesibindi, i-transaminases ne-enzyme ye-cholestatic, i-bilirubin, namazinga weprotheyini we-isibindi, konke okungathinteka yi-virus yesibindi.
Amazinga aphezulu e-transaminases egazini awavezi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi isibindi siphelile kangakanani noma sengozini. Ukuphakama kulezi zingase kube khona ngenxa yesifo sofuba, isifo senhliziyo, nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo. Izigaba ezijwayelekile ze-AST ne-ALT transaminase zizungeze 0 kuya ku-40 IU / L futhi 0 kuya ku-45 IU / L ngokulandelanayo. E-hepatitis B engapheli, amazinga avame ukuphindwe kabili kuya kathathu ngaphezu kwebala elijwayelekile.
Amaprotheni we-fover
I-albinini, i-prothrombin ne-immunoglobulins-amaprotheni eyenziwa yisibindi-ahloliwe futhi amazinga angavamile abonisa ukugula okukhulu kwesibindi. Izikhathi ze-prothrombin zidinga ukuzinqunywa, futhi, ngoba isibindi sikhiqiza izici eziningi zokuvala ezidingekayo ukuyeka ukuphuma kwegazi.
Ukuphika kwesibindi
I-biopsy ye-fover ingenye yezinqubo eziyinhloko zokuxilonga ezinganquma ukuthi yini engalungile ngesibindi nokuthi yingozi kangakanani. Njengoba izifo eziningi zesibindi zithinta isilwane sonke ngokufanayo, isampuli encane etholakala yi-biopsy, ngokuvamile eyenziwa ngaphansi kwesifo sokubulala umzimba, sizobonisa noma yikuphi okungavamile. Kwabaningi, i-biopsy yesibindi eqondiswayo iyithuluzi lokuhlonza eliphephile futhi eliphumelelayo.
Ukwelapha
I-FDA (Ukudla Nezokuphathwa Kwezidakamizwa) iye yavuma izinhlobo ezimbili zezidakamizwa, i-alpha interferon ne-lamivudine. I-alpha interferon, enikezwe umjovo, ivuselela isimiso somzimba womzimba futhi isetshenziswe amasonto angu-16. Kuyabiza kakhulu futhi kunemiphumela emibi, ezimbalwa zazo ezibi kakhulu. I-Lamivudine, ethathwe ngomlomo ngamaviki angu-52, nakuba inemiphumela emibi embalwa, ayihlali isikhathi eside njenge-interferon. Ukuphindaphinda yisici esivamile futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kungaholela ekumelaneni nokulwa namagciwane.
Izinga lokuphendula izidakamizwa ezinhlelweni zokwelashwa eziphumelelayo ziyahlukahluka. Ngo-2002, i-FDA ibike ukuthi "ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-50 ezigulini ezinama-ALT amazinga angaphezu kwamahlanu umkhawulo ovamile ovamile, kodwa ophansi (amaphesenti angu-20 kuya kuma-35 amaphesenti) ezigulini ezinamazinga e-ALT ngaphansi kwezikhathi ezimbili umkhawulo ongaphezulu of evamile. Ezigulini ezinamazinga e-ALT ngaphansi kwezikhathi ezimbili umkhawulo ongaphezulu wezinga elivamile, amazinga okuphendula ayimpofu futhi ukwelashwa kumele kulandelwe. "
Uhlobo olusha lwezidakamizwa-i-nucleotide analogue adefovir dipivoxil (Hepsera) -izokhethwa okungenzeka okwesithathu futhi kwavunyelwa i-FDA yokwelashwa kwesifo sofuba B ngoSeptemba 2002.
I-Hepatitis B enamandla
I-hepatitis B enamandla kakhulu iphathwa ngokuphumula nokuphuza okwanele. Ngeke udinga ukuphumula kombhede; kuxhomeke ukuthi uzizwa kanjani ukugula.
Uma uphelele kuso, akekho isizathu sokuthi kungani ungahambi emsebenzini. Kubalulekile ukuhola impilo enempilo, ngakho-ke uyeke ukubhema (zama kanzima!) Futhi udle ukudla okunempilo. Kusobala ukuyeka utshwala izinyanga ezimbalwa njengoba isibindi sidinga isikhathi sokubuyiselwa.
I-Hepatitis B engapheli
Kulabo bantu abanemizimba engakwazi ukususa igciwane, i-HBV izoqhubeka ibe yisimo esingapheli. Kungekudala kwakungekho ukwelashwa kwe-hepatitis B; Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo zokwelashwa ezitholakalayo ezibonakala ziphumelela kakhulu.
Ikusasa libheke kakhulu futhi ososayensi kanye nezinkampani zezidakamizwa banethemba lokuthi eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, kuyotholakala ukwelashwa okuzohlinzeka ukwelashwa kuwo wonke umuntu one-hepatitis B. engapheli.
Ukwelashwa nge-antiviral therapy kuyatholakala kubantu abane-hepatitis B engapheli nakuba kungavunyelwe bonke abantu abanegciwane. Ukwelashwa kuhloswe ekunciphiseni igciwane lesifo sofuba futhi kugweme ukugula kwesibindi.
Isibikezelo
- Cishe amaphesenti amabili abantu abane-hepatitis B engapheli bayaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa i-cirrhosis unyaka ngamunye.
- Eminyakeni engaphezu kwemihlanu, amathuba okukhula e-cirrhosis angamaphesenti angu-15 ukuya kwangu-20.
- Izinga lokusinda iminyaka emihlanu ngemuva kokusuka kwe-cirrhosis liphakathi kwamaphesenti angu-52 no-80.
- Uma isifo se-cirrhosis esivimbekile (i-cirrhosis ehambisana nezinkinga ezinjengokuphuma kwegazi nokukhulelwa kwengqondo) ikhula, amazinga okusinda awela phakathi kwamaphesenti angu-14 no-32.
- Ngengozi enkulu yokwelashwa kwesibindi , abantu abangaba yisigidi emhlabeni wonke bafa minyaka yonke kusukela ezinkingeni ze-hepatitis B.
Ukuphawula akuncani kakhulu kulabo abanezici ezilandelayo:
- Impilo ejwayelekile embi
- Ukutholakala kwezinhlelo zezempilo ezinganele, ukungabi namali, ukungcola okungcolile, njll.
- Ubudala obudala
- Izifo ze-hepatitis D ne-hepatitis B ndawonye
- Izifo ze-hepatitis C kanye ne-hepatitis B ndawonye
- I-hepatitis ephakeme
- Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala okuqhubekayo ngemva kokutholakala nesifo sofuba esingapheli
Qaphela: I-Hepatitis D (i-HDV) ingaba khona kuphela ngegciwane lesifo se-hepatitis B. I-hepatitis D iyadluliselwa ngendlela efanayo ne-hepatitis B futhi ingabanjwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ne-HBV (ukutheleleka) noma ilandelwa ukutheleleka kwe-HBV. I-co-infection iyaziwa ukusula umzimba kahle (amaphesenti angama-90 kuya kwangu-95). Endabeni yokungafani kahle kwamaphesenti, amaphesenti angu-70 kuya ku-95 aqhubeka enefomu elibi kakhulu le-HDV.
Ukuvimbela
Umgomo utholakala futhi welulekwa kulabo abasengozini noma oxhumana nalesi sifo. Ukugoma kungamaphesenti angama-90 kuya kwangu-95 okusebenzayo ekuvikeleni ukushisa kwesibindi B nesimo esingapheli sesifo.
Amashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalolunye amaphesenti Amalungu eWorld Health Organization asemukele inqubomgomo yokugoma ye-hepatitis B ebuntwaneni yonke. Ngeshwa, izindleko zokugoma kanye nezindlela ezilula zokudluliselwa kwaleli gciwane kusho ukuthi isifo sonke sesifo sofuba B siyaqhubeka nokukhula.
Abantu abazi ukuthi banesifo esithathelwanayo segciwane lesandulela ngculazi bangathatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuthelela abanye. Lokhu kufaka hlangana ukulahlwa okufaneleko kwemfucuza engcolile, usebenzisa amahlumela wezinyosi ezihlukeneko kanye nezikghonakalisi, ungalokothi uhlanganyele iinaliti namaphilisi nabanye, usebenzise amakhondomu ngaso sonke isikhathi, begodu ugweme ukuziphatha kwangaphambili .
Uma umsebenzi wakho uhilela ukusebenza ezindaweni eziyingozi, kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole iseluleko mayelana nokuqapha kanye nanoma yimiphi imiphumela engase ibe nayo empilweni yakho yesikhathi esizayo. Bonke abantu abane-hepatitis B kufanele bathole umgomo wokuvimbela u-hepatitis A ukuvimbela ukutheleleka okungenzeka.
Ukubhekana
Uma uthola ukuthi une-hepatitis B, ungadikibali. Thola udokotela onguchwepheshe we-hepatology ukukwazisa ngezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokwelashwa nokuthi ungakwandisa kanjani impilo yakho ukulwa negciwane.
Khumbula, awodwa. Kunezigidi zabantu abane-hepatitis B. Thola iqembu lokusekela lendawo ngokusebenzisa i-intanethi noma ubuze ithimba lakho lezokwelapha elikunikeza ukunakekelwa kwakho ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zokusekela ezitholakalayo kuwe.