Isiqalo esincane kodwa manje intuthuko enkulu nethemba
Ngamunye unomlando wakho wokuthi i-MS iye yahlula kanjani indlela yokuphila kwakho noma yomthandi wakho nokuthi lokho kuthinte kanjani ubudlelwane bakho, izinkolelo, nenhlalakahle yakho. I-multiple sclerosis nayo inendaba yayo siqu-enye efana ne-symptoluted njengoba izimpawu eziyimbangela futhi ukuphikisana ngokuvamile kuvambela ekuphileni kwethu.
Ngokwabelana ngendaba ye-multiple sclerosis, ungethemba lokuthi uzokwazi ukuqonda ukuthi sifike kangakanani ekuqondeni lesi sifo esiyinkimbinkimbi-ikakhulukazi eminyakeni engu-20 edlule-futhi sinikeza inhlanhla yethemba ngalokho okungase kufike.
Izindaba Zokuqala ze-Sclerosis Ebonakalayo Eningi
Enye yemibiko yokuqala ebhaliwe ye-multiple sclerosis yayiningiliziwe ezinqolobaneni zeVatican ekhulwini le-14. Emagcekeni, izimpawu zikaSt. Ludwina waseSchiedam zachazwa ngemuva kokuwa kwe-skating eneminyaka engu-16.
Wabuyela kancane ekutheni kodwa waqhubeka eneziqephu zokuqina komlenze, izinkinga zombono, nokulahlekelwa ibhalansi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi umfundisi wakhe waseParish wasikisela ukuthi lesi sifo sivela kuNkulunkulu, ngakho uSt. Ludwina wenza inhloso yakhe yokukhuthazelela izimpawu ngenxa yabanye.
Eminyakeni engaba ngu-300 kamuva, izincazelo eziphakamisayo ze-MS zitholakala encwadini kaDkt Augustus Frederick d'Este, umzukulu weNkosi George III yaseNgilandi. Wabhala nge-relapsing-remitting course course lapho ebhekana nakho ukungasebenzi komzimba njengezinkinga zombono (okukholakala ukuthi yi- optic neuritis ), umbono ophindwe kabili, ubuthakathaka bomlenze, nezinkinga zezinyosi nesibindi.
Wabe esechaza inkambo eqhubekayo yezifo, ekugcineni eyamshiya embhedeni-eboshiwe waze wafa ngo-1848 eneminyaka engu-54.
Ngo-1824, incazelo yokuqala yesimanje ye-MS yabizwa nguDkt. Charles-Prosper Ollivier d'Angers. Encwadini yakhe ebhalwe phansi, wachaza umfana oneminyaka engu-17 ubudala obhekene nezinkinga zokuhamba nezinkinga zesibindi ezibuhlungu ngokubheka indawo eshisayo-manje eyaziwa ngokuthi yi- Uhthoff .
I-Multiple Sclerosis Ngumzimba Ohlukile
Ngo-1868, uJean-Martin Charcot, isazi sezinzwa esivela eParis, wafunda owesifazane osemusha ngokuthuthumela, inkulumo ehlabayo, nokunyakaza okungavamile (okubizwa ngokuthi i- nystagmus ). Lapho lo wesifazane efa, wahlola ubuchopho bakhe e-autopsy futhi wachaza " amapuletiki " amaningi okuthiwa yi-multiple sclerosis, owaziwa nangokuthi amacembe noma izilonda.
Khona-ke, ochungechungeni lwezinkulumo, uCharcot uchaze futhi wachaza izifo eziningi ze-sclerosis kanye nesayensi ngemuva kwayo-ukuthi i-myelin ejikeleza izintambo zezinzwa zonakaliswe kanjani. Noma kunjalo, wayekhathazekile ngokuthi "kungani" ngemuva kwe-MS noma indlela yokuphatha ngayo.
Manje siyazi ukuthi isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sisona siphutha ngemuva kokulimala kwe-myelin ku-MS. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sikaCharcot, abantu babengazi ukuthi i-MS yayiyisifo esithintekayo noma ukuthi amasosha omzimba ayekhona.
Ngisho noma ososayensi nodokotela behlukunyezwa yi-MS, kwaqashelwa ngokomthetho njengesifo esihlukile ngo-1878. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ososayensi baqala ukukhomba izici eziningi ze-MS eziyizici eziyinhloko namuhla, njenge:
- I-MS ivame kakhulu kubesifazane kunamadoda.
- I-MS yisifo esibonakalayo (okusho ukuthi abantu abane-MS banezimpawu ezihlukile).
- Imvelo (ngaphezu kwamagciwane) idlala indima ekuthi noma ngabe umuntu uthuthukisa kanjani i-MS.
- I-MS ivame kakhulu kubantu abahlala emaphandleni asempumalanga.
Ngenkathi kwenziwa inqubekelaphambili ekuqondeni kangcono ama-MS, kwakusengenakho ukuthuthuka ngokuphatha i-MS. Eqinisweni, ungase umangale ukufunda ezinye zezokwelapha zokuhlola ezisetshenziselwa ukuphatha abantu abane-MS (okwakungasebenzi):
- ukuvumela igazi
- izikhwama ezithempelini
- ukudla kokudla
- i-arsenic
- ukuvuselela kagesi
- imijovo yegolide nesiliva
Isibonelo sezilwane se-MS sitholakale
Ukuntuleka kwemithi yokwelashwa kwe-MS kubonakala sengathi kukhuthaza ososayensi nokucwaninga nge-MS kwaqhubeka nokuguquka. I-Association of Research in Nervous and Mental Illness (ARNMD) yakhiwa ngo-1921, ivumela imibono kanye nocwaningo lwe-MS ukuba luhlanganiswe futhi luhlanganiswe kusukela eminyakeni engu-50 edlule.
Ukutholakala okukhulu kwenzeka ngo-1935 lapho uDkt. Thomas Rivers eNew York City ethola uhlobo lwezilwane lwe-MS, olubizwa ngokuthi i-autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Wenza lokhu ngokugoma izilwane nge-myelin enempilo bese eveza isimiso sokuzivikela emzimbeni kwi-myelin yezilwane.
Imodeli ye-EAE manje iyitshe legumbi eliyinhloko ekucwaningweni kwe-MS. Empeleni, ukwelashwa kuqala ku-EAE ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kubantu. Lesi sibonelo sezilwane sagcina sigqugquzela ukuthi i-MS iyisifo esithintekayo-nakuba lokhu kuxhunyaniswa ngeke kuhlanganiswe kuze kube ngama-1950.
Ukumemezela Nokucwaninga Nge-Multiple Sclerosis
Ngo-1945, owesifazane ogama lakhe linguSylvia Lawry wabeka isikhangiso eNew York Times (umfowabo uBenjamin wayesebenzela i-MS) ethi "Multiple sclerosis: ingabe noma ubani ophulukile kuyo uyobe uxhumane nesiguli."
Inombolo enkulu yezimpendulo zamphefumulela ukuba aqale inhlangano yabaholi abangu-11 bezinzwa zezwe kanye nabanye abameli nabangane, okuthiwa i-National MS Society. Umsebenzi kaLawry wabhanana ne-National MS Society futhi kwasungula ukwakhiwa kweNational Institute of Neurological Disorders kanye neStroke ngo-1950.
Ngokubunjwa kwala maqembu anethonya, ucwaningo lwe-MS luye lwachuma. Nazi ezinye iziphumo zokucwaninga nemibono eyavulwa phakathi nonyaka ka-1900:
- ukwakheka kwe-myelin kanye nendima yayo ekuboniseni izinzwa
- ubuhlobo phakathi kohlelo lomzimba lomuntu nobuchopho babo kanye nomthambo womgogodla (nokuthi lelo MS laliyisifo esithintekayo)
- ukutholakala kwama-oligoclonal bands emthonjeni wamagogasi abantu abane-MS
- umqondo wokuthi igciwane lingabangela noma lihileleke ekuthuthukiseni i-MS
- ukutholakala kwezakhi zofuzo ezixhunywe ku-MS
- ukubunjwa kweziqondiso zokuthola i-MS
Noma kunjalo, ngalesi sikhathi, ukuphathwa kwe-MS akuzange kufundwe ngokwesayensi, okusho ukuthi basuselwe emibonweni hhayi idatha evela kwizifundo. Ngokwesibonelo, izazi eziningi ngaleso sikhathi zazikholelwa ukuthi i-MS ibangelwa inkinga yegazi, ngakho-ke abantu abane-MS baphathwa ngegazi elincane.
I-MS First Scientific Study
Ekugcineni, ngo-1969, ukutadisha okulawulwa kokuqala kubantu abane-MS kwaqedwa. Esicwaningweni, abahlanganyeli abanesimo esibucayi se-MS sithola i-ACTH noma i-placebo. I-ACTH iyi-hormone evame ukukhishwa yi-pituitary gland (isikhumba esincane se-pea ubuchopho). Ivuselela ukukhiqizwa kwe-steroid, okusebenza ekuvimbeleni amasosha omzimba omuntu
Imiphumela yembula ukuthi iqembu elitholile i-ACTH kulabo abathola i-placebo lathola ukuvuselelwa okusheshayo ekuhlaselweni kwabo kwe-MS. Lolu cwaningo lwaluhle kakhulu ekudaluleni ukuthi i-steroids inganciphisa ukuvuvukala kokuphindaphinda kwe- MS . Lokhu kuthiwa, i-steroids ayinciphisi ukuqhubekela phambili kwe-MS.
Ukucabanga nge-Multiple Sclerosis
Amathuluzi okufanisa asetshenziswe maduzane ukuthi avumela odokotela ukuba babone kangcono umsebenzi we-MS wesifo. Lezi zihlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwe-CAT yokuqala ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1970, kulandelwa yizinto ezingasetshenziswa , futhi ekugcineni, i-MRIs esetshenziselwa okokuqala ekuqaleni kwawo-1980 ukubona ngeso lengqondo ubuchopho bomuntu one-MS. Ubuchwepheshe be-MRI buye buqhubeka nokuguquka kakhulu futhi buye kwaguqula kokubili ukuxilongwa kwe-MS nokunquma ukuthi umuntu uphendula kanjani kahle ukwelashwa.
Ukwelashwa Kwe-Multiple Sclerosis
Ngentuthuko eyinkimbinkimbi ekucabangeni kwafika izifundo ku-MS zokwelapha. Lezi zindlela zokwelashwa, ezibizwa ngokuthi imithi yokuguqula izifo , zitholakale ukunciphisa inani nenkinga ye-MS ephindela emuva-nakuba ingelapheki i-MS noma ivimbele izimpawu eziqhubekayo njengokukhathala noma izinkinga ezithinta izinkinga ezivame ukuza kubantu abane-MS. Izindlela ezinjalo zokwelashwa zihlanganisa:
- Imithi yokuqala yokuguqula isifo, okuthiwa i-Betaseron (interferon beta-1b), yavunywa ngo-1993. Yalandelwa i-Avonex (i-interferon beta-1a), i-Rebif (i-interferon beta-1a), ne-Copaxone (i-acetate ye-glatiramer).
- Ngonyaka ka-2006, ukwelashwa kokuqala okwakungenwe yi-MS kwabizwa nge-MS okuthiwa i- Tysabri (natalizumab) .
- Ngo-2010, imithi yokuqala ye-MS ngomlomo yavunywa, ebizwa ngokuthi iGilenya (fingolimod), eyanikeza ithuba kubantu abangakwazi ukubekezelela imithi okudingeka ijowe noma abantu abakwa-MS abaqhubeka bebhekene naphezu kwe-interferon therapy.
- Lokhu kwalandelwa ukuvunyelwa kwemithi emibili yomlomo, i-Aubagio (teriflunomide) ngo-2012 no-Tecfidera (dimethyl fumarate) ngo-2013.
- Ngo-2014, omunye waba nomuthi wokuguqula izifo okuthiwa i-Lemtrada (alemtuzumab) wamukelwa kubantu ababesabela ngokungafanele emitholampilo emibili noma ngaphezulu.
- Ngo-2016, i- Zinbryta (daclizumab), enye imithi ejojowe yamukelwa.
- Ngo-2017, i- Ocrevus (ocrelizumab) yavunyelwa ukuphatha amafomu e-MS hhayi kuphela kuphela kodwa futhi i-MS eyinhloko yokuqhubekayo yokwelashwa kwe-MS ukwenza lokhu, okukhuthaza.
Ikusasa le-Multiple Sclerosis
Ikusasa le-MS likhanya, njengoba ochwepheshe beqhubeka nokuhlaziya ulwazi lwabo nokukhulisa imibono yabo yocwaningo. Enye indawo enkulu yocwaningo okwenzekayo manje isifundo sokulungisa i-myelin. Ngenkathi izidakamizwa eminyakeni engu-40 edlule zihlose isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela kanye nokuthi umonakalo we-myelin ungavinjelwa kanjani, izazi manje zibuka ukuthi ubuchopho bungabuyisa kanjani i-myelin uma sekulimale-umbono we-novel ngempela ngokuphulukiswa.
Amanye amathemba okucwaninga okuthakazelisayo afaka indima yokudla, ama- gutter bacteria, i- vitamin D, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezakhi zofuzo ku-MS. Okunye okucatshangelwa ukuthi izindlela zokwelapha ezihambisanayo, njenge-yoga, zingasiza umuntu ukuphatha izimpawu zabo kangcono.
Ekugcineni, ochwepheshe bathole izindlela zokusiza abantu abane-MS baphile ngokunethezeka. Kusukela ekwelashweni kokuvuselela okusiza abantu ukuqinisa ithoni ye-muscle emva kokubuyela emuva ekusebenziseni izinhlelo ezisiza abantu ukulwa nokukhathala okuhlobene ne-MS, abantu abaningi abane-MS nabathandekayo babo bayakwazi ukuphila kahle nalesi sifo-ukufeza okuphawulekayo ngokwakho.
Izwi elivela
Indaba ye-MS izoqhubeka, njengoba indlela ephikisayo, ephikisayo yokuqonda lesi sifo esiyinkimbinkimbi nayo yonke imibala yayo kanye nezimfihlakalo ziqhubeka. Kodwa intuthuko eyenziwe eminyakeni engu-20 edlule inkulu kakhulu. Futhi ngaleyo ndlela, kukhona ithemba-labo abanethemba le-MS nsuku zonke futhi abanolwazi lokuthi ukwelashwa kuzofika ngelinye ilanga, uma kungenjalo, kunelabo abasemva kwethu.
> Imithombo:
> Birnbaum, MD George. 2013. Multiple Sclerosis: Umhlahlandlela Wabahlengikazi Wokuthola Ukuxilongwa Nezokwelapha, Edition 2. ENew York, eNew York. I-Oxford University Press.
> Murray TJ. Umlando we-multiple sclerosis: isakhiwo esishintshayo sesifo ngaphezu kwamakhulu eminyaka. J Neurol Sci. 2009 Feb 1; 277 Ukusekela 1: S3-8.
> National MS Society. 2016. Izifo-Ukuguqula Imithi Ye-MS .
> Rolak LA. 2016. National MS Society: Umlando we-MS: The Facts Basic.
> Rolak LA. MS: Izindaba Eziyisisekelo. I-Clin Med Res . 2003; 1 (1): 61-62.