Izifo Zokuzibulala
Uma uwake wezwa "mono," uyazi okungenani "isifo esisodwa" sokubanga. I-mononucleosis (mono) cishe enye yezifo ezithathelwanayo kakhulu ezithathelwanayo phakathi kwentsha. Ngenkathi abantu abaningi bekwazi ukuthi bangathola izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi kusukela ekuhloleni, kunezifo eziningi ezingasakazwa ngokumane nje kuphela.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo ku-Saliva
Izifo ezithathelwanayo zingasakazeka ngokusebenzisa imizila eminingana yokudlulisela. Ukudluliselwa komlomo kusho ukusabalala kwamagciwane ngamathe noma ukudla kanye neziphuzo okwabiwe. Uma umuntu engadlwengula izinto ezingcolile ezincane ezinjenge-saliva ngesikhathi sokumanga, isenzo sokugwinya solimi susa ama-microbes ngemuva komphimbo, okuvumela ukuba i-microbe ingene emzimbeni. Izifo, ezifana ne-mononucleosis ezibangelwa igciwane le-Epstein-Barr (EBV), ne- cytomegalovirus (CMV) , yizibonelo zezifo ezithathelwanayo ngokusabalalisa ngomlomo kusuka emathini ane-virus.
Ezinye izinambuzane ezithathelwanayo ezisakazwa ngamathambo zenza kanjalo ngokunamathela emkhatsini wangaphakathi wamathunga nomlomo, ulimi, noma amazinyo. Isibonelo yi-bacteria Streptococcus , engabangela izifo eziningi, kuhlanganise nesifo segum kanye ne- strep throat .
Into ebalulekile okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi izindawo zokuphefumula (impumulo, umlomo, nomphimbo) ziyaqhubeka futhi zakhiwe izicubu ezifanayo.
Ngenxa yalokho, ama-microbes atholakele ematheni angatholakala kwezinye izingxenye zendlela yokuphefumula, kuhlanganise nekhala nekhanda. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nemikhuhlane nomkhuhlane (kanye nezinye izifo zokuphefumula) zingase zisakaze ngamathe.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo ezivela emlonyeni womlomo
Izifo ezithile ezibangela izilonda emlonyeni nazo zingasakazwa ngokumanga.
Lokhu kuhlanganisa izilonda ezibandayo kanye nesandla, unyawo, nesifo somlomo.
Izilonda ezinobuthi zibangelwa igciwane le- herpes , ngokuvamile i-herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1). Ngesikhathi ehlobene, lokhu kuhluke ne-herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2), okuvame ukuhlotshaniswa ne-herpes yesisu. Ngokuphambene nokutheleleka okusakazwa ngendlala, i-HSV-1 isakazwa ngezilonda ezibandayo ezindebe noma eduze komlomo. Nakuba ukutheleleka kusakazwa kuzo zonke izigaba zesifo esibandayo, ukutheleleka kunesifo esithinta kakhulu uma isifo sivulekile futhi sivuza.
Isifo, isinyawo nesifo somlomo, esibangelwa igciwane leCoxsackie , yisinye isifo esithathelwanayo esasakazwa ngezilonda ezivulekile emlonyeni. Lona uhlobo lwe- enterovirus , oluyisifo esivamile esinezinkinga eziningi esivame ukuzitholela ngazo zonke izikhathi. Lokhu ukutheleleka okuvamile kuvamile kubantwana, ikakhulukazi labo abasesikhathini noma izilungiselelo zasenkulisa. Landa ngokuyinhloko ngomzila we- fecal-oral . Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukhona emathangeni futhi udluliselwa emlonyeni lapho abantu bengageza izandla zabo ngemuva kokuhlukumeza noma ukushintsha amathayi.
Ngokungafani nezilonda ezibandayo nama-blister we-coxsackievirus, izilonda zomgodla azikho izifo ezithathelwanayo futhi azikwazi ukusakazwa ngamathe noma ukubanga.
I-HIV ne-Hepatitis B eSaliva
Igciwane lesandulela ngculaza ne- hepatitis B (HBV) yizifo ezithwala igazi kanye nezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi ezitholakale ematheni. Ukubamba, ngokuvamile, akubhekwa njengengozi yokudlulisela i-HIV. Kungaba yingozi nje uma kuphuma igazi noma izilonda ezivulekile.
Ngokuphambene, ukudluliselwa kwesifo se-hepatitis B ngamathambo kuye kwabhalwa, nakuba ukutheleleka kuvame ukudluliselwa ngocansi noma ngegazi.
Okwamanje, ezinye izinhlobo ze-hepatitis azihlobene nokuwanga. I-Hepatitis A idinga uhlobo oluthile lwe-exposure fecal (okubandakanya amanzi angcolile noma i-anilingus) ne- hepatitis C kudinga ukuvezwa kwegazi.
Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi i-hepatitis A noma i-C ingadluliselwa ngokumanga uma kunezilonda ezivulekile noma insali endabeni evulekile emlonyeni, kodwa okungenakwenzeka.
Izindlela zokuzivikela zemvelo ezincane emlonyeni
I-sali inendima yokuhlanza yemvelo, enikezwe umsebenzi wayo wokuhlanza. Ezinye izivikelo zokulwa nokulwa namagciwane emathini zihlanganisa ama-antibodies namanye ama-proteine antimicrobial (njenge-lysozyme), kanye nemifula evamile yomlomo (amabhaktheriya "amahle" avimbela ukukhula kwamabhaktheriya "amabi"). Unayo zonke izinhlobo zegciwane ngokwemvelo emzimbeni wakho ngezinye izikhathi, kufaka phakathi emlonyeni wakho.
Ukusabalala kwamagciwane okubhebhetheka ematheni kungenziwa uma ukumelana kwemvelo emlonyeni kuncishisiwe. Isibonelo, ukutheleleka kwegum kungenzeka kubantu abanezinkinga ze-vitamin C. Ukuxubha, okubangelwa yi-candida (imvubelo) izifo, cishe kungenzeka kubantu abaye bathatha ama-antibiotics.
> Umthombo:
> Aronson MD, i-Auwaerter PG. I-Mononucleosis ephathekayo ku-Adult and Adolescents. Ku: UpToDate. UMitty J (Umq.).
> I-Hepatitis B Imibuzo ye-Heath Professionals. Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hbv/hbvfaq.htm#kudlalwa.
> Ukudluliswa kwe-HIV. Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/transmission.html.