Kungenzeka ukuthi uzwile ukuthi uhlangothi olulandelayo lweziqondiso zokudla ezizweni lonke luzophuma kulo nyaka. Lezi ziqondiso ziba nemiphumela ebalulekile kuma-ejensi kahulumeni, izinqubomgomo zesikole, imindeni kanye nabantu ngabanye. Kodwa lezi ziqondiso ezibalulekile zenziwa kanjani futhi zivunyelwe?
Ukwenziwa Kwezinkombandlela Zokudla kwabaseMelika
Njalo eminyakeni emihlanu, izinkombandlela zokudla zamaMelika zikhishwa ngokuhlanganyela nguMnyango wezoLimo waseMelika kanye noMnyango wezeMpilo kanye nezinsizakalo zabasebenzi.
Njengoba kuphawulwe kwi-health.gov, "Iziqondiso Zokudla kwabaseMelika zikhuthaza abantu ukuba badle ukudla okunempilo-okugxile ekudleni naseziphuzweni ezisiza ukufeza nokugcina isisindo esinempilo, ukukhuthaza impilo, nokuvimbela izifo ezingapheli."
Kodwa-ke, okokuqala, ososayensi abaqokiwe ababandakanya iKomiti Yezokuqondisa Iziqondiso Zezidakamizwa (DGAC) kumele balungiselele umbiko ngezincomo zabalobi bezoLimo nezeMpilo kanye nezinsizakalo zabasebenzi. La malungu ekomidi abuyekeza ngokucophelela izincwadi zesayensi ukuze enze izincomo ezisekelwe esisisindo sobufakazi besayensi yamanje.
Lo mbiko wesayensi wenziwa wenziwa umphakathi ukuze uthole imibono ebhaliwe. (Ungafunda amazwana womphakathi athunyelwe umbiko we-2015 lapha.) Isikhathi sokuphawula samalanga angu-75 sombiko we-2015 sivaliwe ngomhla ka-8 Meyi 2015.
Zombili izincomo ze-DGAC kanye nokuphawula komphakathi zibhekwa futhi zibuyekezwa ngokubambisana neminyango ebalwe ngenhla, bese kuthi umqulu wokugcina wenqubomgomo ushicilelwe (kulindeleke kamuva ngo-2015).
Le dokhumenti yokugcina iyaziwa njengezikhombisi-ndlela zokudla kwabaseMelika.
Imiphumela Ebalulekile
Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, izinkombandlela zokudla zinefuthe elibanzi kuwo wonke ama-anna amaningi, kuhlanganise nokunikezwa kokudla, i-cafeterias kahulumeni, izinhlelo zesikole, ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo, amasosha, izimboni zokudla, zokupheka zokudlela kanye nezinhlelo zokusiza zokudla.
Okusha ngo-2015
Imikhombandlela ka-2015, ngokusekelwe ezincomo zemibiko ye-DGAC, kulindeleke ukuthi iphakamise ukuvinjelwa kwamafutha okudla okuphelele, okuzoba ukuhamba okukhulu emashumini emingcele yemikhiqizo yamafutha okudla, efika emuva ngo-1980.
Okunye ukubuyekezwa okuyinhloko kuhilela ukuqedwa kwe-cholesterol yokudla njengento "yokudla okunomsoco." Lokhu, futhi, kuyavumelana nobufakazi bamuva besayensi obuye bakhombise ukuthi ukudla kwe-cholesterol yokudla ngempela akuthinti amazinga wegazi we-cholesterol noma isifo senhliziyo esisemtholampilo . (Ukufakwa kwemithombo engenampilo yeprotheyini enamafutha neyilwane, noma kunjalo, ithinta lezi zinombolo.)
Ngakho-ke iziqondiso ezintsha zokudla zilindeleke ukuba zigxile kakhulu ekudleni ukudla okunempilo okuqukethe amafutha anempilo-ikakhulukazi amafutha e-monounsaturated ne-polyunsaturated, afana nalawo atholakalayo emafutheni omnqumo, ama-avocados namantongomane.
Ukuze kutholakale ukukhuluphala ngokweqile , iziqondiso nazo kulindeleke ukuba zigxile ekwenzeni izithelo nemifino eningi ngaphezulu, okusanhlamvu konke, izinhlanzi zasolwandle, ubhontshisi kanye nemifino, nemikhiqizo yobisi; futhi ukugxila kancane emikhiqizweni yenyama, ukudla okuyishukela kanye neziphuzo , kanye nezinhlamvu ezicutshungulwa kakhulu (njengesinkwa esimhlophe).
Souces
UMozaffarian D noLudwig DS. Umbono: izinkombandlela zokudla zika-2015 zase-US: ukuphakamisa ukuvinjelwa kwamafutha okudla okuphelele. I-JAMA 313; 2421-22.
Ikomidi Lezincomo Zokudla; Umbiko wezesayensi weKomidi eliPhakamiso leZikhombandlela zeZidlo zika-2015. 2015; http://www.health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015-scientific-report/.
I-Mensink RP, i-Zock PL, i-Kester AD, i-Katan MB. Imiphumela ye-fatty acid acids kanye nama-carbohydrate ngesilinganiso se-serum esiphelele ku-HDL ye-cholesterol ne-serum lipids nama-apolipoprotein: ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta-ukuhlolwa kokulawulwa okungama-60. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 77: 1145-1155.