Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-ushukela oweneziwe kuye kwabonwa njengenye yezimbangela ezinkulu zobhubhane bokukhuluphala. Enye indlela ehlongozwayo ukunciphisa lokhu ukusetshenziswa kusebenzisa "intela yoshukela."
Ngakho iyini "intela yoshukela," futhi ingabe ngempela isebenza ukunciphisa izinga lokukhuluphala?
Izincomo ekufakweni kwe-Sugar Added
I-American Heart Association (AHA) incoma ukuthi ukungenisa okushukela akudluli amathisipuni ayisithupha (cishe 24g) nsuku zonke abesifazane nabashukela ayisishiyagalolunye (cishe 36g) nsuku zonke amadoda.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokusho koMnyango Wezolimo wase-United States (USDA), isilinganiso se-co-ounce esingaba ngu-12 esingama-cola siqukethe amathisipuni angaphezulu kuka-8 ushukela. Ngakho-ke, ngokuphuza isiphuzo esisodwa esincane esiphuzo, owesifazane wayebe esedlulile kakade ngokuphakanyiswa kwakhe okushukela nsuku zonke, futhi indoda yayizofinyeleleka kuye. Ngezinombolo ezinjengalezi, kulula ukubona ukuthi amaMelika ajwayelekile angadla kanjani amathisipuni angu-22 okweshukela okwedlule ngosuku, ngaphesheya kwezinga eliphezulu le-AHA eliphakanyisiwe. Futhi, okweqile kusuka kulokho, kulula nakakhulu ukubona ukuthi leli zinga le-high-calorie elidliwayo elidlalayo lingenza kanjani ukuphakama kwesifo sokukhuluphala ngokweqile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukuphakama kwentela ka-Sugar
Amadolobha amaningana ase-US aphakanyisiwe-kanti abanye baye baphumelela ngempumelelo-intela yokwengezwa kokusetshenziswa ushukela, ngokuvamile ngesimo sentela eziphuzo eziphuzo.
Isibonelo, iNew York City iphakamisa kakhulu intela ngokuphuza okwedlule ngaphansi kweMeya uMichael Bloomberg, kanti ngo-2016, uMkhandlu waseGiladelphia City City wadlulisa intela ngeziphuzo ezinomsoco.
Ukwengeza, amanye amazwe akhokhela intela eziphuzweni eziphuzo. EMexico, intela yoshukela-iziphuzo ezinomsoco zaholela ekuthengiseni ukuthengiswa kweziphuzo. Umphumela ofanayo wabonakala lapho iFrance ingenisa intela ngeziphuzo ezinomsoco (kuhlanganise nalabo abaneziphuzo ezenziwe ngomzimba ) ngo-2012.
I-Norway inomthelela ushukela ojwayelekile kuwo wonke imikhiqizo equkethe ushukela owenziwe ohlanzekile, kuhlanganise neziphuzo zoshukela.
Futhi iNingizimu Afrika inezinhlelo zentela yeshukela kwisabelomali sayo ngo-2017, okwenza kube izwe lokuqala lase-Afrika ukwenza kanjalo.
Impact ye-Berkeley Tax
Ku-athikili ekhishwe kwi- American Journal of Public Health ngo-Okthoba 2016, u-Falbe kanye nozakwethu bahlaziya ukuthi yimuphi umthelela, uma ngabe ukhona, intela ye-Berkeley ye-excise yayisetshenziselwa ukuphuza utshwala.
Njengoba abalobi bebhala, ngo-Mashi 2015 iBerkeley, Calif., Waba yigunya lokuqala lase-US lokusebenzisa intela enjalo, ngo-$ 0.01 ngesilinganiso sesiphuzo esifanele. Ngakho-ke, bakwazi ukubuka izinguquko ekusetshenzisweni kokusetshenziswa kwesiphuzo sangaphambili nangemva kokukhokha intela, futhi bakhetha ukubheka ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziphansi ezingenayo eBerkeley ngokumelene namadolobha aseSan Francisco nase-Oakland.
Laba baphandi bathola ukuthi ukuphuza kweziphuzo eziphuzile kuhla ngamaphesenti angama-21 eBerkeley, kanti ukwanda ngamaphesenti angu-4 eSan Francisco nase-Oakland. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kwanda ngamaphesenti angu-63 eBerkeley, uma kuqhathaniswa nokwanda kwamaphesenti angu-19 kwamanye amadolobha.
Lolu cwaningo lwesikhashana lukubonisa ukuthi, ezindaweni ezincane ezingenayo imali, okungenani ukusetshenziswa kweziphuzo ezidakayo kungancishiswa ngokuqaliswa kwentela yesikweleti. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lokhu ngeke kube nomthelela osimeme, wesikhathi eside kumazinga wesifo sikashukela nokukhuluphala kuhlale kubonakala.
Isekelwa yi-World Health Organization
Ngo-Okthoba 2016, i-World Health Organization (WHO) yavela ekusekeleni intela yoshukela ngeziphuzo ezithambile.
I-WHO yayikhiphe isiqondiso ngonyaka ka-2015 eyancoma ukuthi "abadala nabantwana banciphisa ukudla kwabo nsuku zonke kwama-ushukela mahhala kunamaphesenti angaphansi kwezingu-10 zokufakelwa kwamandla abo." Lokhu kwaqhubeka kusho ukuthi "ukunciphisa okungaphezulu kuya ngaphansi kwama-5 amaphesenti noma cishe amagremu angu-25 (amashukela ayisithupha) ngosuku anganikeza izinzuzo ezengeziwe zezempilo. "
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbiko we-WHO onesihloko esithi "Izinqubomgomo Zezentengiselwano Zokudla Nokuvimbela Izifo ezingenakudluliselwa (NCDs)," i-WHO yathi "ukuphuza iziphuzo zoshukela kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa nokunciphisa ukukhuluphala, uhlobo lwe-2 lwesifo sikashukela, nokubola kwezinyo."
I-WHO iphinde yaphawula kulo mbiko ukuthi "izinqubomgomo zezimali eziholela okungenani ukukhushulwa kwamaphesenti angu-20 emakethe okuthengiswa kweziphuzo zoshukela kuzoholela ekunciphiseni ngokweqile kokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo enjalo."
I-WHO iphinde yaphawula ukuxhumanisa phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwe-ushukela owenezelwe kanye nokukhuluphala komhlaba wonke nesifo sikashukela, okuyinto ezimweni eziningi ezinhlangothini ezimbili zemali efanayo.
Lapho ama-Sugars engeziwe afaka khona
Ukubona ukuthi ushukela owengeziwe wenziwa nini ngezinye izikhathi kungaba yinkimbinkimbi, ngoba kufanele ukwazi ukuthi ungabheka ini kwilebula lezithako. Kodwa ukwazi lolu lwazi kubalulekile ekusizeni ukuqeda ushukela owengeziwe kusuka ekudleni kwakho.
Okokuqala, kufanele uhlale ukhumbule ukuthi igama elithi "ushukela elingeziwe" libhekisela futhi lihlanganisa zonke ushukela ezongezwa ekudleni, kunokuthi zenzeke ngokwemvelo.
Ngenxa yokuthi abakhiqizi bokudla baye bathola izindlela eziningi nemithombo yokudla okusuka ku-ketchup kuya ku-cereal kuya kweziphuzo ezithambile, kungaba nzima ukukhomba ushukela owengeziwe ezintweni zezithako emalebula okudla.
Uma ufuna ushukela owengeziwe kunoma imuphi umkhiqizo owathengayo-ukudla noma isiphuzo-ngaphezu kwanoma yiliphi igama eliqukethe igama elithi "ushukela," bheka lokhu okulandelayo: noma yisiphi isithako esiphelela ku- "-ose" (njenge-maltose, dextrose, sucrose, i-fructose, i-lactose), kanye nesiraphu ephezulu ye-fructose ye-corn, i-molasses, uju, i-sweetener ye-corn, i-juice yomsila ovuthiwe, isiraphu, nejusi yezithelo igxila.
Imithombo Engavamile Yomkhumbi Ongeziwe
Nakuba iziphuzo eziphuzayo zibonakala ziholele ekutheni umthamo omkhulu ushukela ongeziwe ongatholakala ekusebenzeni okulodwa, kuneminye imithombo evamile okufanele iyazi.
Ngokusho kwe-American Heart Association, imithombo emikhulu ye-ushukela owongeziwe ekudleni kwethu iziphuzo eziphuzile, amaswidi, amakhekhe, amakhukhi, iziphuzo zezithelo, izidakamizwa zobisi kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi (njenge-ayisikhilimu kanye ne-yogurt elimnandi), kanye nosawoti. Iziphuzo eziningi ezithandekayo neziphuzo zezithelo ziqukethe ushukela owengeziwe kakhulu, eqinisweni, ukuthi ziye zabizwa ngokuthi "ushukela omanzi" ngabanye ochwepheshe.
I-airele ye-cereal, isibonelo, isiye yaziwa kakhulu ngesamba soshukela esingeziwe esingatholakala kwimikhiqizo lapho. Kuyinto engavamile ukuthola okusanhlamvu okuvela emakethe awaziwayo aneshukela elingeziwe njengesithako esikhulu kunazo zonke, okwenza amaphesenti angu-50 noma ngaphezulu kokuqukethwe ibhokisi lokusanhlamvu.
Futhi, ungakhohlwa izingozi zeziphuzo zamandla, eziningi zazo eziqukethe amathisipuni angu-20 noma ngaphezulu ushukela, okuyinto eningi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma umuntu ecabangela ukuphakanyiswa kwe-AHA ukuthi abesifazane abadala abadala abadli izipuni eziyi-6 zeshukela ezengeziwe ngosuku , futhi akukho amathisipuni angaphezu kuka-9 kumadoda amadala. Futhi lokhu kuhlanganisa izingozi zenhliziyo ezibangelwa iziphuzo zamandla, kuhlanganise nokuphakamisa ukucindezeleka kwegazi nokushaya kwenhliziyo.
Ukwenza Amanzi Isidlo Sakho Esiyinhloko
Njengoba kunikezwe konke okushiwo ngenhla, kuningi okumele usho ngokuwenza amanzi abe yisiphuzo sakho. Ikhofi elimnyama kanye netiyi ezingenayo i-unsweetened (phawula ukuthi ingxenye "engenayo i-unsweetened", eyisihluthulelo) nayo ilungile futhi inezinzuzo zayo zezempilo.
Akugcini nje ukuthi amanzi anama-kero kilojoule, kodwa anezinzuzo eziningi zezempilo, kusukela ekusizeni ukulahlekelwa isisindo ukunciphisa ukukhathala nokuvimbela amatshe ezinso. Ngakho ngesikhathi esilandelayo lapho uthola isiphuzo, unike leso siphuzo sokuphuza amanzi. Umzimba wakho uzokubonga ngakho.
> Imithombo:
> Falbe J, Thompson HR, Becker CM, Rojas N, McCulloch CE, Madsen KA. Umthelela wentela yaseBerkeley yokukhishwa kwesiphuzo-isiphuzo esiphundu ukusetshenziswa. I-American Journal of Health Public. 2016; 106: 1865-1871.
> Johnson R et al. Ukudla okuyishukela nokudla kwempilo: isitatimende sesayensi esivela ku-American Heart Association. Ukujikeleza ngo-2009.
> I-World Health Organization. Izinqubomgomo zezimali zokudla nokuvimbela izifo ezingenakuqhathaniswa (i-NCDs). Bika. 2016.
> I-World Health Organization. Ama-Sugars adla abantu abadala nabantwana. Isiqondiso. 2015.