Ukhuhlane luyisifo esithathelwanayo nesifo esivamile esibangelwa igciwane lesandulela ngculazi. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ezahlukene zezinkinga zamagciwane: umkhuhlane A, B, noC-konke okubangelwa ukugula kubantu.
Abantu bangathola uketshezi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, kodwa e-United States naseningizimu yeNyakatho Yezwe, inkathi yempukane iqala ukuwa ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Umsebenzi wezinhlanzi uvame ukuphakama phakathi kukaDisemba noMashi.
Abantu beminyaka yonke bangathola umkhuhlane. Kodwa-ke, izingane, asebekhulile , nabantu abanamasosha omzimba obuthakathaka basengozini enkulu futhi kungenzeka ukuthi bangabhekana nezinkinga ezinkulu.
Izimbangela Ze-Flu
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezihlukahlukene zegciwane lesifo sogciwane, futhi ziyashintsha kaningi. Yingakho abantu beqhubeka behla nomkhuhlane unyaka nonyaka. Ukhuhlane luyisifo esithathelwanayo esasakazeka kalula. Izinhlayiya kanye nama-sneezes zinamandla ngokwanele ukuhambisa amaconsi emlonyeni nasempumeni. Ungathola futhi umkhuhlane ngokuxhumana nomuntu siqu (ukuxhaphaza noma ukumbamba), umklomelo (ukumanga noma ukwabelana ngeziphuzo), nangokuthinta izindawo ezingcolile (izinkontileka noma izibhebhe).
Uma omunye ephefumula kulezi zinhlayiya zokuphefumula noma ethinta noma yikuphi into ecolile bese ethinta ikhala, umlomo noma amehlo, igciwane liyasakazeka . Umuntu otheleleka ngogubhu kusukela ngelinye ilanga ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu zivele ezinsukwini eziyisihlanu emva kokugula.
Kungenzeka ukusakaza umkhuhlane ngaphambi kokuthi wazi ukuthi unayo.
Okufanele Ukulindele
Ukhuhlane ngokuvamile luhlala phakathi kwezinsuku ezine nezinhlanu, nakuba izimpawu zingakwazi ukuhlala noma kuphi ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kweziyisikhombisa.
Ezinye izimpawu zofuzo zingase zifane nezimpawu ezibandayo, kufaka phakathi:
- Ukubanjelwa (okuncane okuvamile nomkhuhlane)
- Isikhukhula
- I-Runny noma ikhala eligcwele
- Amehlo amancane noma amanzi
- Umphimbo obuhlungu
- Ukukhathala
- Umkhuhlane ophansi
Umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwezimpawu ezibandayo nezomkhuhlane, noma kunjalo, ubuqili. Umkhuhlane uqala ukuhamba kancane kancane kancane kancane kancane ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Izimpawu zingenza ube nomuzwa omuhle kakhulu, kepha ngokuvamile akunamandla okwanele ukuphazamisa impilo yakho. Ukhuhlane luyakuhlaba wonke umuntu kanye futhi lukuqede ngokuphelele, lunikeze ukuthi awukwazi ukuhamba ngomsebenzi wakho wansuku zonke.
Izimpawu ezivamile zomkhuhlane zihlanganisa:
- Fever
- Izinsizwa
- Ama-body aches
- Ukukhathala okukhulu
- Izinwele
Uma ucabanga ukuthi ungase ube nesifo sofuba wena noma umuntu ozobe uthola kuso usengozini enkulu yokubhekana nezinkinga, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wokunakekela impilo ngokushesha uma uthuthukisa izimpawu. Angenza ukuhlolwa komkhuhlane noma ahlolisise wena ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zakho futhi unqume indlela enhle yokwelashwa kuwe.
Umkhuhlane A
Umkhuhlane iwugciwane empeleni linamagciwane ahlukene. Igciwane liyashintsha njalo, kodwa izinkinga zihlukaniswa zibe yizigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko-A, B, noma C. I-Influenza A yiqembu elivame ukubangela ukugula kubantu.
Wonke amagciwane e-influenza A aphinde aphule abe yi-H no-N subtypes. Ngakho-ke, noma yiliphi igciwane lesandulela ngculaza elichazwe ngokuthi "H # N #" (njengeH1N1) liyi-virus ye-influenza A.
Kukhona ama-subtypes angu-16 H nama-N subtypes ayisishiyagalolunye, kodwa ukuhlanganiswa okukodwa kuphela okubangele ukugula okutheleleka kakhulu kubantu. Ezinye izinhlanganisela zitholakale ukuthelela ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane (njengezinyoni nezingulube), kodwa azibangele ukutheleleka kwabantu okubanzi. Izinhlanganisela ezintathu ezenza cishe zonke iziqhumane zomkhuhlane kubantu ziyi-H1N1, H2N2 ne-H3N2.
Ngisho kulezi zinhlayiya, igciwane lesandulela ngculaza lingashintsha futhi lishintshe njalo ngonyaka. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, amagciwane e-influenza nawo abizwe ngokuthi:
- Umnikazi wemvelaphi (ingulube, inkukhu, njll, noma akukho muntu ophethe uma kuvela emuntwini)
- Indawo okuvela kuyo (Hong Kong, e-Alberta, njll)
- Inombolo yokucindezeleka
- Unyaka wokutholakala (noma ukuhlukaniswa)
Lapho ama-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) kanye neWorld Health Organization (WHO) abiza uhlobo olusha lwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, baqala ngeqembu (A, B, noma C), bese ubhala umphathi, indawo umsuka, inombolo yohlobo, unyaka wokutholakala, kanye ne-HN subtype ku-parentheses. Isibonelo segciwane lesandulela ngculazi lizofana nalokhu:
- I-A / duck / i-Alberta / 35/76 (H1N1) yegciwane lesandulela ngodada, ekhonjwe e-Alberta, eCanada, ubunzima obungama-35, ngo-1976
Umlando we-Influenza A
Zonke izifo ezinkulu eziwumkhuhlane emlandweni wanamuhla ziye zabangwa yi-influenza A amagciwane. Isifo-1918-esaziwa nangokuthi umkhuhlane waseSpain- owabangelwa igciwane le-H1N1. Umkhuhlane wamagciwane wezi-1957-obizwa nangokuthi umkhuhlane wase-Asia-ubangelwa igciwane le-H2N2. Isifo se-1968-esibizwa nangokuthi umkhuhlane waseHong Kong-sabangelwa igciwane le-H3N2. Ekugcineni, ubhubhane lwe-2009-olubizwa ngokuthi i- pigs flu - lwabangelwa igciwane leH1N1.
Umkhuhlane A ekukhuselweni kwe-Flu
Umuthi wokugoma wamaphuphu wonyaka uqukethe izinhlobo ezimbili ezehlukene zomkhuhlane we-A kanye nomunye owodwa noma emibili imithonjeni ye-influenza B. Izinkinga ezifakwe emtholampilo zifana nazo zonke izinhlobo zemishanguzo yesifo somkhuhlane ngonyaka odlule kodwa zingashintsha unyaka nonyaka .
Umkhuhlane B
Umkhuhlane we-Influenza B awuvamile kepha usabangela ukuqhuma komkhuhlane wonyaka. Imithi eyodwa noma emibili yemfucumfutho B ifakwe emgodini wokugoma wonyaka waminyaka yonke ukuvikela abantu ekucindezeni (aba) abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi bangabangela ukugula ngesikhathi sonyaka ozayo. Umgomo wokuphefumula we-quadrivalent uqukethe izinhlobo ezimbili zomkhuhlane B kepha umgomo wendabuko ovamile oqukethe uqukethe eyodwa.
I-Influenza B ayihlehlisiwe ibe ngama-subtypes afana ne-influenza A, kodwa ihlehliselwa ngaphansi kwezinkinga ezihlukile.
Yikuphi i-Influenza B ekushoyo
Akukho umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-influenza A no-B lapho kuziwa ukuthi zithinta kanjani wena; enye ayinamandla nakakhulu kunomunye. Umehluko omkhulu wehlela ukuthi zihlukaniswa kanjani nokuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi zibangele izifo eziwumshayabhuqe. I-Influenza B ingabangela ukuqhuma komkhuhlane wonyaka kodwa kwenzeke kancane kancane kunokuqhamuka komkhuhlane A.
Ngokuvamile, izinhlobo ezimbili zomkhuhlane we-A nomunye owodwa we-influenza B zifakwe emgodini wokugoma wonyaka . Imishanguzo ye-flu ejwayelekile iqukethe izinhlobo ezimbili zomkhuhlane A kanye nezinhlobo ezimbili zomkhuhlane B.
Ingabe Kukhona Ukwelashwa Kwe-Flu?
Akukho ukwelashwa komkhuhlane. Kukhona imishanguzo ye-anti-antiretroviral, njengamaTamiflu, engasiza ukunciphisa ubude bokugula. Noma kunjalo, uTamiflu isebenza kuphela uma kuthathwa amahora angu-48 okuqala kokuqala kwezimpawu. Udokotela wakho uzobona ukuthi le mithi ikufanele yini.
Kuthiwani Ngokudubula Kwemfudu?
Ukuguquka komkhuhlane kuvame ukutholakala e-United States kusukela ngo-Agasti noma ngo-Septhemba. Ihlinzeka ngokuvikeleka emithonjeni yemifucuza abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi bangabangela ukugula ngesikhathi sonyaka ozayo. Noma kunjalo, akuwona amaphesenti angu-100 aphumelelayo ngoba igciwane lesandulela ngculaza liyashintsha kaningi.
Izwi elivela
Uma wehla nomkhuhlane, zizinakekele, zama ukuthola ukuphumula okuningi, uhlale u-hydrated, futhi uhlale kude nabanye abantu ukuze ungafaki igciwane. Uma usemngciphekweni omkhulu wezinkinga ezivela emkhuhlane noma ukholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka usungula ukutheleleka okwesibini , qiniseka ukuthi ubona umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
> Imithombo:
> Inzalo: I-Influenza Virus ngo-1918 neNamuhla. I-NIH News 29 Juni 9. Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokungezwani Kwezifo Nezifo Eziphefumulayo. Izikhungo zezempilo zikazwelonke.
> Umlando weziFlu Pandemics. Ukuqwashiswa kwezifo. Flu.gov.
> Umkhuhlane (Flu) Ucwaningo. Isifo Sengculazi Sonyaka (Umkhuhlane) 08 Feb 11. Izikhungo ze-US zokuLawula nokuvimbela izifo.
> Amaqiniso abalulekile nge-Influenza (Flu) | Isikhuhlane Sonyaka (Umkhuhlane) | I-CDC. http://www.cdc.gov/flu/keyfacts.htm.
> Izinhlobo ze-Virus Influenza. Isifo Sokukhulelwa Kwamanye Nonyaka (Umkhuhlane) 10 Nov 11. Amasevisi E-US for Disease Control and Prevention.