I-epiglottis iyinhlangano encane ye-cartilage ehlanganiswe nokuphela kolimi oluvala ngesikhathi sokugwinya. Lokhu kuvimbela izinhlayiya zokudla kanye nemigqa yokungena ekungeneni kwe-trachea namaphaphu. I-Epiglottitis isifo se-epiglottis nezicubu ezizungezile.
Ukuqala nokuqhubeka kwe-epiglottitis kuyashesha ezinganeni. Ngenxa yendawo ye-epiglottis, ukutheleleka, nokuvuvukala okulandelayo kubangela izinkinga eziphefumula kakhulu zokuphefumula.
Izimpawu zokuqala zifaka:
- umkhuhlane
- Umphimbo obuhlungu
- ubunzima bokugwinya
- ukudonsa ngokweqile (kubhekwa uphawu lokutshela)
- ukwandisa isibalo segazi elimhlophe
Lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile ziyaqhubeka nezinkinga zokuphefumula ezilandelayo phakathi kwamahora angu-12 kuya kwangu-24:
- ukudonsa ukuzwa
- inkulumo engathembekile
- ukukhathazeka
- ukuphumula
- ukucasuka
- i-cyanosis (i-dusky noma imbala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ikakhulukazi ezungeze izindebe, okubonisa ukungabi khona okwenziwe okomoya okwanele)
Ingane ingase ithathe isikhundla esithile lapho ihlala khona, ivulele phambili futhi ikhukhumele. Lesi sikhundla sivula umgwaqo womoya futhi sisiza ingane ukuba iphefumule. Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu zokuphefumula zibonakala zingaphansi kakhulu kunalokho zikhona, i-epiglottitis ingaba nzima ukuyihlolisisa futhi lesi sifo singathuthuka esimweni esibulalayo ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale ukuxilongwa. Izimpawu zokuphefumula ezingaphenduki zingabangela ukuntuleka kwe-oksijeni eyanele kanye ne-carbon dioxide ngokweqile egazini eliholela ekushintsheni okubulalayo ezingeni le-pH legazi, ukuboshwa komzimba nokufa.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-epiglottitis kwenziwa ngokususelwa kwesethulo sesiguli sezibonakaliso, ukuboniswa kwe-epiglottis kanye namasiko egazi noma kwendawo ye-epiglottis ukuze kutholakale i-microbius causative. Ukwelashwa kuhilela:
- ukugcinwa kwendiza (njengokunikeza i-oksijeni kanye / noma ukusungula indlela yokusebenza ehambayo njengethubhu le-nasotracheal kanye ne-ventilation)
- ukunikeza ama-antibiotics kanye / noma ezinye izidakamizwa zokulwa namagciwane
- ukunikeza izidakamizwa ezibizwa nge-corticosteroids ezinganciphisa ukuvuvukala
Ayikho ikhambi lasekhaya le-epiglottitis. Uma ingane yakho ibonisa izimpawu zalesi sifo, iya ekamelweni eliphuthumayo eliseduze nawe noma ushayele u-911 ngokushesha.
Ngenxa yokwethulwa kwemithi yokugoma i-haemophilus influenza, izibalo ze-epiglottitis okwamanje ziphansi kakhulu. Izingane eziphakathi kweminyaka eyodwa nantathu ziyakwazi ukuthuthukisa i-epiglottitis. Okhulile isiguli yisimpawu ezinzima kakhulu okungenzeka kube. Ngaphambi kokusabalalisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-Hib wokugoma emazweni athuthukile, i-epiglottitis yayivamile kubantwana futhi yabangelwa ikakhulukazi yi-pathogen. Njengamanje, i-epiglottitis ayidabuli futhi ivame ukubangelwa yiyodwa yalezi zinambuzane ezilandelayo.
- i-haemophilus Uhlobo lwe-Influenza B, uhlobo A, uhlobo F, nezinye izinkinga ezingenakwenzeka
- i-haemophilus parainfluenzae
- streptococcus pneumonia
- indawo ye-staphyloccocus
- i-beta-hemolytic streptococci, amaqembu A, B, C no-F
Ukuzivikela okungcono kakhulu kwe-epiglottitis ukugcina ukugoma kusesimweni futhi usebenzise ukuhlanzeka okuhle njengokugeza izandla nokugwema ukuvezwa kokugula. Naphezu kwemvelo ebulalayo yalesi sifo, iningi lezisulu liphumula ngaphandle kokucindezeleka okuhlala njalo.
Imithombo:
Isikhungo Sezokwelapha sase-University of Maryland. I-Epiglottitis-Ukwelashwa.
Izinkuni, CR Epiglottitis. www.uptodate.com, Julayi, 2007. (ukubhalisa kuyadingeka)