Ukwaziswa okuvamile kuthi abazali, uma bethola i-autism ukuxilongwa kwengane yabo, kufanele bagijime-bangahambi-esikhungweni esiseduze sokungenelela.
Kuthiwa ukungenelela okusheshayo okuqala, kuyisihluthulelo "semiphumela emihle" yezingane ezine-autism. Sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi beyazi ukuthi ubuchopho bukhula ngokushesha phakathi kweminyaka yobudala no-ezintathu, okubonisa ukuthi ukungenelela kwangaphambili kungaba yindlela enhle yokuphatha ukugula kwengane.
Kodwa isayensi isho ngani ngemiphumela yokungenela kokuqala kwabantwana abane-autism?
Ingabe Ukungenelela Kokuqala Kungaphulukisa I-Autism?
Okungenani isifundo esisodwa sikhombisa ukuthi cishe ama-14% wezingane ezine-autism ezineminyaka emibili ejulile yohlelo olubizwa ngokuthi i-Early Start Denver Model izokwenza ngcono kakhulu. Empeleni, lezo zingane ngeke zisakwazi ukuthola izifo ze-autism uma zihlolwa esikhathini esizayo. Uhlelo olufanayo olubizwa ngokuthi i-LEAP lunezimo ezifanayo. Kukhona ngisho nobufakazi bokuthi lezi zinhlelo zingashintsha indlela ubuchopho obusebenza ngayo.
Kukhona, kodwa, izivalo ezimbalwa kulokhu okutholayo.
- Okokuqala, yiqiniso ukuthi iningi lezingane ezithinteka kakhulu ekungeneni kakhudlwana alithuthuki kakhulu. Yebo, izimpawu zabo zingase zithuthuke, kodwa zingase zibe nezinselele ezibalulekile nezinselele.
- Okwesibili ukutholwa ukuthi ngisho nalabo bantwana abanezimpawu ze-autism ezithuthuka kakhulu zishiywe nezinselele zokuthuthukiswa kanye / noma zokuziphatha. Empeleni, lezo zingane zivame ukuxilongwa ngezifo ezifana ne-ADHD, ukukhubazeka kokufunda, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, njalonjalo.
- Okwesithathu, ukuxilongwa kwe-autism enembile kungukuthi, ngokuchaza, ukuxilongwa kwansuku zonke. Izimpawu ezinzima ukuzibona eneminyaka engu-6 zingaba nezinselele ezinkulu ezinganeni eneminyaka engu-20 ubudala. Izinkinga ngekulumo yokudumisa, ukukhathazeka nokuziphatha okuphindaphindiwe kuvame ukuvela njengoba abantu bebhekene nezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi nezinselele.
Ingabe Imiphumela Yokungena Ekuqaleni Kwesikhathi Esidlule?
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi izinhlobo ezithile zokungenelela okusheshayo kusenesikhathi zenza umehluko okungenani iminyaka embalwa emva kokwelashwa. Ngabe yikuphi ukuthuthukiswa okunjalo okuzoqhubeka kudlule iminyaka eyisithupha, okwamanje, engaziwa.
Ingabe Kungcono Ukuthola Ukwelapha Ngokushesha Kunokwenzeka?
Nakuba kunezizathu ezingokoqobo zokungenelela kokuqala, kunezifundo ezimbalwa zokucwaninga ezibonisa ukuthi ukungenelela kwangaphambili kunikeza ithemba elingcono lokuthuthukiswa kunokungenelela kamuva.
Esinye isifundo esincane sibheke uhlelo olubizwa ngokuthi "Ukuqala Kwezingane." Ukwelashwa kwaphathwa ngabazali ngaphezu kwenyanga eyisithupha kuya ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya kwezingu-15 ezineminyaka eyizinyanga eziyisithupha ezazikhombisa izimpawu ze-autism, ezifana nokunciphisa ukuxhumana kwamehlo, ukukhathazeka komphakathi noma ukuzibandakanya, amaphethini wokunyakaza okuphindaphindiwe , nokuntuleka kokuxhumana ngokuzithandela. Izinsana eziyisithupha kwabayisishiyagalombili kulolu cwaningo zathuthuka ngokuphawulekayo.
Ingabe lokhu kusho ukuthi zonke izinsana zokulibaziseka kufanele zithole ukungenelela okusheshayo kusenesikhathi? Kuleli phuzu, asazi ngempela.
Eqinisweni, uGeraldine Dawson, Ph.D., uProfesa we-Psychology noMqondisi we-University of Washington Autism Centre, wenza iphuzu elilandelayo: "Konke esikwaziyo, ingane enokulibaziseka kwentuthuko ingaba nethuba elide lokukhula .
Ngicabanga ukuthi akusizi ukusiza abazali ngaleyo ndlela. Ngiye ngabona izingane eziqala ukuphumula futhi zisheshe zithole-izingane eziningi ezenele ukungenelela okusheshayo ezathuthuka kancane kancane bese zihamba ezikoleni zasemapulazini. "
Okwenza Ukungenelela Ngaphambi Kokuqala Kwe-Autism Kungenza Uzwele
Ukwelashwa kwangasese kuyisimo esihle. Kodwa akusobala ukuthi ukungenelela kwangaphambili nangaphezulu kunomthelela, kungcono umphumela. Abazali abaphuthumayo ekuphulukiseni okusheshayo ngethemba lokuthi ingane yabo "bayothola" ngokushesha nge-autism bangase badumale-ngenkathi abazali abalinde "isikhathi eside kakhulu" bangase babone imiphumela emangalisayo emihle.
Kodwa kungani ulinde?
Kunengqondo ukuphatha ingane nge-autism ngangokunokwenzeka. Izizathu zombili zenzelwe ukucwaninga futhi ezijwayelekile-izinzwa:
- Abantwana nabasenkulisa abanakho ezinye izibopho, ngakho-ke usuku lwabo lonke lungazinikele ekwelapheni (ngokungafani nezifundiswa).
- Abantwana abaneminyaka emibili banemikhuba embalwa emisiwe, ngakho kulula ukuyeka ukuziphatha okubi ngaphambi kokuba bangenakwenzeka.
- Ukusiza izingane ukuba zifunde ukuziphatha okwamukelekayo emphakathini ngesikhathi esincane kakhulu umqondo omuhle ukuthi unayo i-autism noma cha.
- Ukwelashwa kwangasese kuhlale kuhlinzekwa mahhala, ngakho akukho ngozi engokwezimali.
- Ngisho noma, ngenxa yezizathu ezithile, ingane yakho ihlolwe ngokungenakulinganiswa nge-autism, izinhlobo zezinhlelo zokungenelela zakuqala ezihlinzekwa izingane kwi-spectrum zivamise ukuzijabulisa, ukudlala ngokusekelwe, nokungena engozini. Akudingeki ukhathazeke ngokuthi ingane yakho izothola ukwelashwa okungaba yingozi.
Ukusebenza okunjalo kusebenza kahle kangakanani? Lokho kuxhomeke kumntwana. Njengoba ingane ngayinye inamaphrofayli, amakhono, nezinselele, ingane ngayinye iyoba nemiphumela yayo. Kodwa ngisho nentuthuko encane ingcono kunazo zonke, ikakhulukazi uma leyo nqubekela phambili ifika ngendlela yamakhono amasha okuxhumana evumela ingane ukuba iveze izifiso nezidingo zayo.
Okubalulekile
Yebo, ukungenelela kwangempela umqondo omuhle. Akukho lutho oluzolahlekelwa futhi konke kuzuze ngokuthola ingane nge-autism ibe ukwelashwa okufanele eminyakeni yobudala njengoba kungenzeka. Uma usho lokhu, kubalulekile ukuthi ukhumbule ukuthi ukungenelela kwangaphambi kwesikhathi akunakwenzeka ukususa izimpawu ze-autism. Ngisho noma izimpawu zomntanakho zithuthuka kakhulu, kukhona ithuba elihle kakhulu ukuthi ezinye izimpawu zokuziphatha , zentuthuko, kanye / noma ingqondo zingase zihlale.
> Imithombo:
> Inkhulumomphendvulwano noGeraldine Dawson, Ph.D., uprofesa we Psychology noMqondisi we-University of Washington Autism Centre. > Januwari > 2007.
> Dawson G, Toth K, Abbott R, Osterling J, Munson J, Estes A, J. J. Liaw J. Ukukhathazeka kokuqala kwezenhlalakahle ku-autism: ukuhleleka komphakathi, ukunakwa okuhlanganyelwe, nokubhekisisa ukucindezeleka.Dev Psychol. 2004 Mar; 40 (2): 271-83.
> Dawson G, Zanolli K. Ukungenelela kokuqala kanye nobuciko beplastiki ku-autism.Novartis Found Symp. 2003; 251: 266-74; ingxoxo 274-80, 281-97.
> Estes et al. "Imiphumela Yesikhathi Eside Yokungenelela Ngaphambi Kwangaphambi Kwezingane Ezineminyaka Eyisithupha Ephethe I-Autism Spectrum Disorder." I-Journal ye-American Academy of Child kanye ne-Adolescent Psychiatry. Julayi 2015, uMqulu 54, Issue 7, Amakhasi 580-587.
> Matson JL. Ukunquma umphumela wokwelapha ezinhlelweni zokungena ezenzakalweni zokuhlukunyezwa kwe-autism spectrum: Ukuhlaziywa okubucayi kwezinkinga zokulinganisa ekusebenzeni okusekelwe ekufundeni.
> UC Davis. Ukungenelela ezinyangeni ezingu-6 ezinama-autism kuqinisa izimpawu, kunciphisa ukulibaziseka kokuthuthukiswa. "September 8, 2014