Imfuneko ye-Autism Diagnosis
Ngaphambi kukaMeyi 2013, kwakukhona izifo zokuxilonga ze-autism ezihlukene eziyisihlanu. Namuhla, ngokusho komqulu we-American Psychiatric's diagnostic manual, i-DSM-5, kune-Autism Spectrum Disorder eyodwa kuphela. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-autism yakho inzima kakhulu noma imnene , kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuxilongwa kwakho kwakungu-Asperger syndrome noma i-Autistic Disorder, manje uqoqwe ngaphansi kwesifo se-ambululwazi esifanayo.
Uma usuvele unayo i- autism spectrum disorder diagnosis-noma eyodwa engekho ku-DSM-usacatshangwa ukuthi uyi-autistic.
Indlela i-DSM (I-Manual Diagnostic) isebenza ngayo
I-DSM-5, ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi "iBhayibheli" yokuxilongwa kwezempilo yengqondo, isetshenziselwa ukunquma ukuthi ubani othola izinsizakalo, uhlobo luni lwezinsizakalo abazithola, nokuthi ngabe bayakufanelekela yini izinhlobo ezithile zemfundo. Uma ngabe ingane yakho ihlolwe ngumchwepheshe onolwazi ozwa ukuthi uhambisana nalezi zindlela, uzothola kokubili ukuxilongwa kanye neqoqo lezinsiza ezibandakanya ukwelashwa, izinsizakalo zemfundo ekhethekile, nezinye izinketho ezingase zitholakale ngombuso wakho noma esifundeni sakho.
Nazi izinqubo eziyisisekelo zokuxilongwa ze-DSM-5 Autism Spectrum Disorder:
A. Ukungaphumeleli okuqhubekayo ekukhulumisaneni kwezenhlalakahle nasekuxhumaneni kwezenhlalakahle ezimweni eziningi, njengoba kuboniswa yizilandelayo, okwamanje noma ngomlando:
1. Ukulahleka ekuhambeni komphakathi-ngokomzwelo, okubalwa, ngokwesibonelo, ekungeneni kokujwayelekile kwezenhlalakahle nasekuhlulekeni kwengxoxo evamile emuva nangaphandle; ukunciphisa ukwabelana kwezinto ezithandayo, imizwelo, noma ukuphazamisa; ukwehluleka ukuqalisa noma ukuphendula ekuxhumaneni komphakathi.
2. Ukulahlekelwa ekuziphatheni okungabonakali kokuxhumana okusetshenziselwa ukuxhumana komphakathi, kuhlanganise, isibonelo, kusuka ekukhulumeni okungahambisani kahle nokukhuluma okungahle kwenzeke; ukwenza okungavamile kokuxhumana kwamehlo nolimi lomzimba noma ukulahlekelwa ekuqondeni nasekusetshenzisweni kwemisebenzi; ngokuntula okuphelele kwesimo sobuso nokuxhumana okungaqondile.
3. Ukulahleka ekuthuthukiseni, ekugcineni, nasekuqondeni ubudlelwane, kubandakanya, isibonelo, kusukela ekubuneni ukulungisa ukuziphatha ukuze kuhambisane nezimo ezehlukene zenhlalo; kunzima ekukwabeleni ukudlala okucabangayo noma ekwenzeni abangane; ukungabi nentshisekelo kontanga.
B. Kuvinjelwe, amaphethini wokuphindaphinda okuziphatha, izithakazelo, noma imisebenzi, njengoba kubonakala okungenani okubili kokulandelayo, okwamanje noma ngomlando
1. Ukunyakaza kwemoto noma ukuphindaphindiwe, ukusetshenziselwa izinto, noma inkulumo (isb., Izimboni ezilula zezimoto, ukufaka amathoyizi aphezulu noma izinto zokuqhafaza , i- echolalia , imisho ye-idiosyncratic).
2 .Ukungaqiniseki ngokulinganayo, ukunamathela okungaqondakali kwemikhakha, noma imidwebo emibi yokuziphatha noma okungaqondile (isib. Ukucindezeleka ngokweqile ezinkingeni ezincane, ubunzima bokuguquka, amaphethini okucabanga okuqinile, amasiko okubingelela, adinga ukuthatha umzila ofanayo noma adle ukudla okufanayo nsuku zonke).
3. Izintshisekelo ezizinqunyelwe kakhulu, ezilungisiwe ezingavamile ngokweqile noma ekugxilweni (isib. Ukunamathela okuqinile noma okukhathazayo ngezinto ezingavamile, izithakazelo eziphambene kakhulu noma zokuphikelela).
4. Ukusebenzisa ama-hyporeactivity ekufakweni kwezinzwa noma ukuthakazelisa okungavamile ezintweni ezithinta imvelo (isib. Ukubonakala okungenandaba nokubuhlungu / izinga lokushisa, impendulo engalungile kumisindo ethize noma ukuthambisa, iphunga elidlulele noma ukuthinta izinto, ukuthakazelisa okubonakalayo ngezibani noma ukunyakaza) .
C. Izimpawu kumele zibe khona esikhathini sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa (kepha kungase kungabonakali ngokugcwele kuze kube yilapho izidingo zomphakathi zidlula ikhono elilinganiselwe, noma zingasungulwa ngamasu afundiwe ekuphileni kwesikhathi esizayo).
D. Izimpawu zenza ukukhubazeka okuphawulekayo emitholampilo, emsebenzini, noma kwezinye izindawo ezibalulekile zokusebenza kwamanje.
E. Lokhu kuphazanyiswa akuchazwa kangcono ngokukhubazeka kwengqondo (ukukhubazeka kwengqondo yentuthuko) noma ukubambezeleka kokuthuthukiswa komhlaba. Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kanye ne-autism spectrum disorder kaningi kwenzeka; ukwenza izixhumene ze-autism spectrum disorder kanye nokukhubazeka kwengqondo, ukukhulumisana komphakathi kufanele kube ngaphansi kwalokho okulindelwe izinga lokuthuthukisa jikelele.
Okufanele Ukwenze Uma Ingane Yakho Kubonakala Ifanelwe Imfuneko Ye-Autism
Imigomo ye-autism ingase ibonakale ilungile, futhi ungase uqiniseke ukuthi ingane yakho i-autistic. Empeleni, kunjalo, kunezivivinyo ezithile ezisiza abasebenzi ukuba banqume ukuthi izimpawu ziyavuka yini ezingeni lika autism. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi izimpawu ezifana ne-autism zibangelwa enye into ngaphandle kwe-autism; ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, ukukhathazeka, izindaba zezingxoxo, ngisho ne-ADHD ingaphutha nge-autism.
Uma ukhathazekile, noma kunjalo, umqondo omuhle kakhulu ukufuna ukuhlola nokuhlola. Ukuhlola ngokuvamile kuhlinzekwa udokotela wezingane zakho. Ngenkathi ingaxilongwa, ingasiza udokotela wakho ukuba anqume ukuthi ukuhlolwa okusemthethweni kuyadingeka yini.
Ukuhlola kuyinkqubo ehilela ochwepheshe abaningana futhi ihlanganisa izivivinyo eziningi kanye nezingxoxo. Udokotela wezingane zakho, isazi sezengqondo esikoleni, noma isahluko se-Autism Society singakusiza ukuthola ithimba lokuhlola elinolwazi nolwazi.
Imithombo:
I-American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Ibhuku lokuhlola kanye nesibalo sokukhathazeka kwengqondo (i-4th ed., I-rev rev.). Washington, DC.
I-American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Ibhuku lokuhlola kanye nesibalo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo (5th ed.). Washington, DC.