Ingabe ukukhwehlela ukubhema noma olunye uhlobo lokukhwehlela?
Ukukhwehlela okungapheli kokukhwehlela kokubhema kuyinto into esiningi kithi esazi ngayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlangene ngabanye abantu ababhema noma abazwa yibo abangenayo. Yini eyenza lokhu kukhwehlela, futhi kuphathwa kanjani? Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ungatshela kanjani ukuthi ukukhwehlela kwakho "kuwukuphela" okuhlobene nokubhema hhayi ngenxa yento engathí sina, njengomdlavuza wamaphaphu ?
Uyini Isikhumba Sokubhema?
Ukukhwehlela kokubhema kungukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo okuvela kubantu ababhema isikhathi eside- "okuphikisanayo" okusho ukuthi kunamasonto angaphezu kwamabili noma amathathu. Ekuqaleni, kungase kube owomile (kwabangabhemi abangazange baphuze isikhathi eside), kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuvame ukukhiqiza i-phlegm. Le phlegm noma i- sputum ingacaca , imhlophe, iphuzi, noma iluhlaza noma imnyama. Ukukhwehlela okuhlobene nokubhema ngokuvamile kubi nakakhulu lapho kuvuka futhi kuthuthuka ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisele sosuku. Yiqiniso, kunezinto eziningi ezihlukile, futhi awufuni neze ukuxosha ukukhwehlela kokusa.
Izimbangela Zesikhumba Sokubhema
Imigwaqo ehamba emoyeni ihlanganiswe ne-cilia: amaseli amancane afana nezinwele abamba ubuthi e-air inhaled bese ehambisa phezulu phezulu emlonyeni. Ukubhema kuphazamisa lawa maseli ngakho abakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wabo. (Kukhona amakhemikhali amaningana ekubhemeni kwentuthu okwenza lokhu kubandakanya i-formaldehyde). Esikhundleni sokubanjwa ngokuhamba, amakhemikhali avunyelwe ukungena emaphashini, lapho ahlala nalapho enza ukuvuvukala.
Lokhu, kuholela ekukhwehleleni njengoba umzimba uzama ukusula lezi zinto emaphashini akho. Phakathi nobusuku, la ma-cilia aqala ukuzilungisa njengoba engabonakali emathunjini omusi. Njengoba i-cilia ibizwa ukuba ibambe futhi isuse i-toxins eqoqiwe, umphumela ukwanda kokukhwehlela lapho kuvela ekuseni.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi enye yezindlela zokubhema ezingabangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu kungenxa yalokhu kukhubazeka kwe-cilia. Njengoba amakhemikhali namakhemikhali akhona emshonjeni wegwayi asele endaweni (ngenxa yokuthi i-cilia ekhubazekile ayibasusi emaphashini) banesikhathi esiningi sokudala umonakalo kumathisamu amaphaphu azwelayo, kuhlanganise nomonakalo we-DNA ongaholela emdlashini wamaphaphu.
Kufana Kanjani Isikhumba Kubantu Abashunayo?
Akunakho ulwazi oluningi mayelana nemvamisa yokukhwehlela kobhemayo. Kwesinye isifundo sezingane ezisanda kuqashwa amasosha, amaphesenti angu-40 abhekana nokukhwehlela okungapheli ngokukhiqizwa kwe-sputum (kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti angu-12 kwabangaboni). Njengoba ukukhwehlela kokubhema kuvame kakhulu kubantu ababhemayo besikhathi eside, amaphesenti langempela cishe aphakeme kunalokhu.
Ukuhlukanisa Isikhukhula Sokubhema
Ngeshwa, impendulo yukuthi awukwazi ngempela ukuhlukanisa ukukhwehlela kobhemayo kusuka ekukhwehleleni komdlavuza wamaphaphu . Ngezinye izikhathi isibonakaliso kuphela sokuthi ungase ube nomdlavuza wamaphaphu (noma isimo esinzulu samaphaphu afana ne- COPD ) ngumuntu oqhubekayo okhwehlela ukukhwehlela-ukukhwehlela. Uma unekhwehlela ehlobene nokubhema okungapheli, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wakho uma kuguquka nganoma iyiphi indlela: uma kuba njalo noma ebuhlungu, isibonelo, noma uma kuzwakale kuwe.
Izimpawu ezithile nezimpawu zingasho ukukhwehlela kwakho kungenxa yesinye isimo sezokwelapha okufanele sihlolwe.
Izimpawu Nezimpawu Eziphakamisa Isikhumba Sakho Kungase Kungabi Nesibindi
Ngezinye izikhathi ukukhwehlela kuyisibonakaliso kuphela umuntu anomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kuhlanganiswa izimpawu eziphakamisa ukukhathazeka. Ezinye izimpawu "zokuxwayisa" ukuthi ukukhwehlela kwakho kungaba okungathí sina kubandakanya:
- Ukushaya igazi : Uma ukhwehlela igazi-ngisho nesamba esincane ngesikhathi esisodwa-kubalulekile ukwenza i-aphoyintimenti ukuze ubone udokotela wakho. Ukwehla igazi kuyisibonakaliso sokuqala somdlavuza wamaphaphu ngamaphesenti angu-7 abantu abanesifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhwehlela igazi kungaba yingozi kakhulu. Ukuphuza okuncane njengepuni isipuni noma amabili wegazi kubhekwa njengesimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha (singabangela ukufisa).
- Ukushaywa indiva : Uma unomsindo ozwakalayo ohlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, noma ungahambisani nezinye izimpawu ezibandayo, buza udokotela wakho. Ukwesaba kubantu abathuma kungaba ngenxa yezimo eziningi, hhayi nje izinkinga zamaphaphu.
- Ukugubha : Uma ukukhwehlela kwakho kuhambisana nokushaya, kungase kusiphakamise isifuba; kodwa inkulumo evamile emithi yukuthi "akuyona yonke into ehamba ngayo isifo se-asthma." Uma ubona isondo esisha, yihlole.
- Ukuphefumula : Ingabe kubonakala kunzima ukuthola umoya wakho? Ingabe kunzima ukugibela ukugibela kwezinyathelo? Yenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wakho uma uthola ukuphefumula okunzima. Abantu abaningi bayaqaphela ukuthi uphawu lwabo lokuqala lomdlavuza wamaphaphu lungumzwelo ongacacile wenkinga enkulu ekubambeni umoya wabo ngomsebenzi.
- Ukulahleka kwesisindo esingaqondakali : Abantu abaningi bayathokoza uma belahlekelwa amakhilogremu ambalwa, kodwa uma ungazami, kungaba uphawu lwezinto ezinzulu, ngakho-ke kuhlolwe.
- Ubuhlungu ngokuphefumula : Ubuhlungu ngokuphefumula, okubizwa nangokuthi ubuhlungu obuhlungu be-chestyrous or chesturitic chest, ngokuvamile kuphakamisa ukuthi uhlaka lwamapayipi akho (pleure) lungathinteka. Njengoba ukubhema wodwa akuvami ukulimaza lezi zingqimba, ukuvakashela kudokotela wakho kuyadingeka.
- Ubuhlungu emaphashini akho, emahlombe akho, noma emhlane wakho: Kuyinto engavamile kakhulu izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu behlombe, ubuhlungu bomhlane, ubuhlungu emahlombe ehlombe , noma ubuhlungu phakathi kwamahlombe ehlombe ukuba kube uphawu olulodwa (ngaphezu kokukhwehlela) uma othile udala umdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Impumelelo yomphakathi
Sivame ukugxila emzimbeni wezimpawu zemithi, kepha ukukhwehlela okungapheli kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ngokomzwelo nasenhlalo. Cabanga nje ukuya emdlalweni, noma i-recital ye-piano yomzukulu, noma ngisho ne-cocktail party. Ngaphandle kokucasula abanye abazama ukuzijabulisa, ukukhwehlela kwakho-uma kuphelile ekuseni-kungaphazamisa imisebenzi oyithandayo. Yiqiniso, isikhathi sokuzilibazisa akusiyo kuphela ukukhathazeka: Ngaphandle kokuba usebenze wedwa, izisebenzi zakho zingase zithinteke kakhulu uma, uma kungenjalo, kunokukhwehlela kwakho. Uma ubulokhu uhlala nokukhwehlela isikhathi eside, ungajwayele umsindo nokuphazanyiswa. Okufanayo kungase kungabi yiqiniso kumphathi wakho nozakwabo.
Ukwelashwa Kwesikhumba Sokubhema
Yiqiniso, ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kokukhwehlela kokubhema ukuyeka ukubhema ngokuphelele. Ngenkathi ukukhwehlela kwakho kungadluka kwamasonto ambalwa ngemva kokuyeka, cishe njalo kuthuthukisa ngesikhathi.
Kubalulekile futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi ukukhwehlela kunomsebenzi: yenzelwe ukuhlanza izindiza zomoya ngokususa izinto zangaphandle eziphefumulayo. Ngaphandle kokucasuka kwentuthu kagwayi nogwayi, kunezinye izinto ezithintekayo emvelweni. izimpawu zakho. Kungakhathaliseki ukubunjwa okuvela emgodini ophansi, ukukhipha isitofu sokhuni noma indawo yokucima umlilo, noma ukuchayeka kwamakhemikhali emsebenzini, hlola ukuze ubone ukuthi kukhona yini ukucasula endaweni yakho okufanele uzame ukugwema ukuthuthukisa ukukhwehlela kwakho. Njengoba ukukhwehlela kunomsebenzi, ukucindezela i-reflex yokukhwehlela akuwona umqondo omuhle ngaso sonke isikhathi. Xoxa nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yikuphi ukugulisa noma ukucindezeleka kokukhwehlela ngaphezulu.
Izenzo ezingasiza ukukhwehlela kwakho zihlanganisa:
- Ukuhlala kahle kahle. Ukuphuza u-8-oz ozodwa. izibuko zamanzi ngosuku zingasiza imfihlo emincane ekuphefumuleni.
- Ukugubha ngamanzi usawoti.
- Ukusebenzisa amaconsi okukhwehlela noma ama-lozenges okunciphisa umphimbo wakho.
- Uju. Kwesinye isifundo, ithisipuni lejuju litholakala ukuthi iphumelela kakhulu kunamalungiselelo amaningi okukhwehlela ekunciphiseni izimpawu zokukhwehlela. Ungajabulela uju oluncane wedwa, noma wengeze ekomelweni letiya elifudumele. Kungcono nakakhulu, indebe yetiyi eluhlaza. Ucwaningo oluthile luye lwathola itiye elihlaza ukuze lihlotshwe nengozi ephansi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
- Amanzi abilayo nge-mint noma amaqabunga e-eucalyptus, bese ehambisa ama-vapor. Ukuze wenze lokhu, abanye abantu babeka ithawula phezu kwamanzi okubamba ukusiza ukuqhuma amaphuphu. Qaphela ukuba ugweme ukushisa ngokugcina ibanga eliphephile kusuka ku-steam, futhi njalo ugcine ibhodlela endaweni ebusweni ezinganeni.
- Ukuphakamisa ikhanda lakho lapho ulele. Uma ulala phansi, i-mucus ingakwazi ukujula emqaleni, okwenza ukukhwehlela kwakho kube nzima uma uvuka.
- Ukuzivocavoca. Ukuzivocavoca kungasiza ukususa i-phlegm, ngaphezu kwezinye izinzuzo zayo.
- Ukudla ukudla okunempilo. Nakuba kungakaze kuboniswe, abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukudla okunezithelo nemifino ebalulekile, njenge-broccoli ne-cauliflower, kungasiza umzimba ukuba uqede amanye amakhemikhali aphefumulelwe ngotshani. Hlola lezi zinsuku eziphezulu ezinganciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu .
Izinkinga Zesikhumba Sokubhema
Ngokuqinisekile, kunezinkinga eziningi zokubhema, kodwa kunezinkinga ezimbalwa ezihlobene ngqo nokukhwehlela. Ukugaya kungabangela ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-muscle esifubeni futhi kuholele nasezimbambo eziphukile . Kwabesifazane, ukucindezelwa kwesisu okubangelwa ukukhwehlela kungaholela ekucindezelweni kokucindezeleka . Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, ukukhwehlela kokubhema kungenza kube nzima ukuphila kwakho komphakathi, futhi ukwenza kanjalo, impilo yakho engokomzwelo.
Okwenza Isikhwama Sokubhema Siphume Ngemva Kokuyeka
Ukugaya ngokuvamile kuqala ukuncipha phakathi nezinyanga ezintathu ngokuyeka ukubhema. Abanye abantu bayethusa ukuthi ngokushesha ngemva kokuyeka, ukukhwehlela kwabo kwanda-into ebizwa ngokuthi "ukukhwehlela ukuyeka ukukhwehlela." Lokhu kuvamile futhi ngenxa ye-cilia eyonakaliswe manje futhi yenza umsebenzi wayo wokukhipha impahla yangaphandle emqaleni, kanye ne-airways. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi lokhu kukhwehlela ukukhwehlela kungokwengqayizivele, kanti noma kungase kuthathe izinyanga ezimbalwa, ukuyeka kuzosiza ngempela ukukhwehlela kwakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uma ufuna ukushaya izinyoni ezimbili ngetshe elilodwa ngemuva kokuyeka, cabanga ukwandisa uhlelo lwakho lokuvivinya umzimba. Ngaphezu kokusiza ukusula ukukhwehlela kwakho ngokushesha, kungasiza futhi ngezifiso nemizwelo ehambisana nokuyeka.
Izwi elivela
Njengesikhumbuzo sokugcina: Uma unomkhuhlane ophikelela-ngisho noma ukholwa ukuthi ukukhuluma nokukhwehlela kungokwedokotela wakho kuphela. Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo kungenye yezibonakaliso ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu , futhi ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu, ekuqaleni kubanjwe, amathuba amaningi okuphulukiswa. Ucwaningo olwenziwa ngo-2016 lwathola ukuthi abantu abathumayo bancane kakhulu kunabangabhemi ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha izimpawu ze-"alamu" zomdlavuza wamaphaphu-izimpawu ezifana nokukhwehlela noma ukuphazamiseka. Ungalindi.
Kubantu abathile, ikakhulukazi labo abaneminyaka engama-55 no-74 abanomlando weminyaka engu- 30 wokubhema, ukuhlolwa kwe-CT yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kungaba yinto ofuna ukuyicabangela. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuhlolwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu .
Imithombo:
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UHamari, A. et al. Imvamisa ephezulu yokukhwehlela okungapheli kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-sputum ngehlise amandla okusebenzisa ababhemayo abasha. Ama-Annal of Medicine. 2010. 42 (7): 512-20.
Liu, Y., Pleasants, R., Croft, J. et al. Ukubhema, izimpawu zokuphefumula, ne-COPD kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-45 ubudala nomlando wokubhema. I-International Journal ye-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. 2015. 10: 1409-16.
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Yamane, T. et al. Ukukhwehlela okukhiqizayo kuyisimo esizimele esizimele "ekuthuthukiseni i-COPD kulabo abababhema ngaphambili." I-Respirology 2010. 15 (2): 313-8.