Izithako eziphindaphindiwe Ziyingxenye ye-Autism, Kodwa Akuzona Njalo Inkinga
Ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiwe, okungenasici cishe njalo kuyisibonakaliso se-autism. Eqinisweni, abazali abaningi bakhathazeka nge-autism uma bebona ingane yabo iphinda ihlanganisa amathoyizi, izinto ezijikelezayo, noma ukuvula nokuvala abadwebi noma iminyango. Ukuziphatha okuphindaphinda kungabandakanya ukukhuluma, ukucabanga, noma ukubuza ngokuphindaphindiwe into efanayo. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukuziphatha okuphindaphinda kungaba yingozi; Nokho, kaningi, iyithuluzi lokuzihlisa.
Bangaba yinkinga, noma kunjalo, lapho befika emisebenzini evamile noma benza kube nzima ukuthola isikole noma umsebenzi.
I-"Stereotyped" (Ukuphindaphindiwe) Izithintelo Ziyingxenye ye-Autism
Abadobi nabacwaningi babiza ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiwe, okubonakala kungenasiphelo "ukuziphendulela" noma "ukukhuthazela," futhi ukuziphatha okunjalo kuthiwa empeleni kuchazwe njengezimpawu ze-autism ku-DSM-5 (ibhuku lokuhlola lokusemthethweni):
Kuvinjelwe, amaphethini okuphindaphindiwe okuziphatha, izithakazelo, noma imisebenzi, njengoba kubonakala okungenani okubili kokulandelayo, okwamanje noma ngomlando (izibonelo zibonisa, hhayi okuphelele; bheka umbhalo):
- Ukunyakaza kwemoto noma ukuphindaphindiwe, ukusetshenziselwa izinto, noma ukukhuluma (isb., Ama-stereotypes alula, ukugqoka amathoyizi aphezulu noma izinto ezihambayo, i- echolalia , imisho ye-idiosyncratic).
- Ukuphikelela okufanayo, ukunamathela okungaqondakali kwemikhakha, noma ukuziphatha okuhlelekile kokuziphatha noma okungaqondile (isib. Ukucindezeleka ngokweqile ezinkingeni ezincane, ubunzima bokuguqulwa, amaphethini okucabanga okuqinile, amasiko okubingelela, adinga ukuthatha umzila ofanayo noma adle ukudla okufanayo nsuku zonke ).
- Izithakazelo eziphakeme kakhulu, ezilungiselelwe ezingavamile ngokweqile noma ukugxila (isb., Ukunamathela okuqinile noma okukhathazayo ngezinto ezingavamile, izithakazelo eziphambene noma ezithintekayo).
Yini Okuthandwa Ngayo Okubukeka Kubukeka?
Ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiwe ku-autism kungashintsha kakhulu kusuka komunye nomuntu.
Kubantu abathile, kuhilela ukukhuluma noma ukukhuluma ngezinto ezifanayo ngokuphindaphindiwe (isibonelo, ukubhala wonke ama- Avengers namandla abo, ukukhipha izikripthi ezivela ku-TV, noma ukubuza umbuzo ofanayo izikhathi eziningi ngokulandelana). Kwabanye, kuhilela izenzo zomzimba ezifana nokuzulazula okuphindaphindiwe, ukuphoqa, noma ukuhamba phambili. E-autism eyingozi kakhulu, ukuziphatha okubonakalayo kungaba nodlame; ukukhwehlela ikhanda, isibonelo, ukuziphatha okungafani. Abanye abantu e-autism spectrum bahlanganyela ekuziphatheni okuphindaphindiwe njalo, kuyilapho abanye behlala bephikelela njalo (bebambelele esimweni sokuziphatha) lapho becindezelekile, bekhathazekile noma bekhathazekile.
Abantu abaningi abane-autism bazizwa bekhathazeka kakhulu lapho becela ukushintsha isimiso sabo noma isimiso. Kwezinye izimo, isimiso esivamile sivame ukungabonakali kumuntu ongaboni ngaso sonke isikhathi. Phela, iningi labantu linomkhuba wokusa nokusa, futhi abaningi balandela isimiso esingaqondakali kahle emini. Kwezinye izimo, isimiso singavamile ngendlela eyodwa. Uma umuntu one-autism ebuzwa ukuba ashintshe isimiso, impendulo ingaba ukukhathazeka ngokweqile noma ukucasuka, ngisho noma umuntu esebenza kakhulu kakhulu.
Ngezinye izikhathi ukuziphatha okuphikisanayo noma okuphazamisayo kuyabonakala ngoba kumakwe noma kungavamile.
Ngokuvamile, noma kunjalo, ikakhulukazi nge-autism ephezulu yokusebenza, ukubekezela kungase kungabonakali kumuntu ongaboni kahle. Umuntu onokuzimela nge-autism, ngokwesibonelo, angacela "Uthanda ama-movie we-Marvel?" Lapho ezwa ukuthi impendulo ingu "yebo," umuntu we-autistic angase agijime inkulumo efanayo mayelana ne- Iron Man ukuthi ugijime izikhathi eziyishumi ngaphambili, ngamazwi afanayo, ngendlela efanayo kanye nezenzo ezifanayo. Njengomzali, ungase ukwazi ukuthi inkulumo iya phambili futhi phambili, kodwa njengomngane omusha, ungase ungaboni ukuphindaphinda.
Ingabe Izithako Eziphindaphindiwe Ziyinkinga?
Yiqiniso, ukuziphatha okukhuthazelayo akuyona eyedwa kubantu abane-autism.
Iningi labantu lihlanganyela kwezinye izimo ezinjalo. Ukuluma, ukuqhuma, ipensela noma ukuhlunga izinyosi, ukuhlanza ukucindezela, noma ngisho "isidingo" sokubuka imibukiso ye-TV efanayo noma imicimbi yezemidlalo nakanjani yizo zonke izinhlobo zokukhuthazela.
Kwabanye abantu abane-autism, inkinga yokukhuthazela akuyona inkinga nhlobo, njengoba ivela kuphela ngezikhathi ezifanayo nakwezinye abantu (ngokuvamile ngaphansi kokucindezeleka) futhi ukuziphatha okungafani kahle. Ukukhuthazela kungase kuhlanganise nabantu abane-autism, ngoba kungase kuhlobanise nesithakazelo esijulile esingabangela ubungane noma ngisho nemisebenzi. Umuntu okhuthazelayo ngokuthanda kwakhe imidlalo yekhompyutha, isibonelo, angakwazi ukujoyina amaqembu amageyimu lapho azothola abanye ngesifiso esifanayo.
Kubantu abaningi abane-autism, noma kunjalo, ukukhuthazela noma ukuphindaphinda ukuziphatha akuphazamisi kuphela kwabanye, kodwa kuyindlela enkulu yokuvimbela ukuxhumana nabanye kanye nokubambisana emhlabeni. Umuntu ophoqelela izandla zakhe ekukhunjweni kwanoma yini enye ngokucacile akakwazi ukuhambela izwe elizungezile noma ukuhlanganyela emisebenzini yezwe langempela. Futhi nakuba kungekho lutho olungalungile ngokukhuluma ngendaba efanayo ngendlela efanayo ngokuphindaphindiwe, ukuziphatha okunjalo kungabangela izinkinga ezihlukahlukene nezenhlalo.
Izimbangela Nezokwelashwa Zezinzuzo Zokuphindaphindiwe ku-Autism
Akekho owazi ngempela ukuthi yini ebangela ukukhuthazela kubantu abane-autism, nakuba kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene. Ngokuya ngombono owenzayo, kungenzeka ukhethe ukwelashwa okuthile (noma akukho ukwelashwa nhlobo). Yiqiniso, uma ukuziphatha kuyingozi noma kuyingozi kufanele kushintshwe. Ezinye zokwelashwa ziye zacwaningwa ngokugcwele kunabanye, kodwa bonke baye baphumelela abanye nabantu ngabanye futhi baphumelela kancane nabanye. Ngokwesibonelo:
- Uma ukholwa ukuthi ukukhuthazela kuyinkinga yokuziphatha, cishe uzosebenzisa amasu okuziphatha (imivuzo futhi, kwezinye izimo, imiphumela) ukuze "uqede" ukuziphatha.
- Uma ukholelwa ukuthi ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiwe kuyindlela yokuzikhumbuza okusetshenziselwa ukuvimba ukufaka okuningi okuzwakalayo, cishe uzosebenzisa amasu wokuhlanganiswa okuzwakalayo ukuze usize umuntu ozimele futhi aphinde avuselele umuzwa wokulawula.
- Uma ukholwa ukuthi ukukhuthazela kuyimbonakaliso yezinhloso zangempela kumuntu ophethe i-autism, cishe uzosebenzisa izindlela zokwelapha ezifana ne-Floortime noma i-SonRise ukuze uxhumane nomuntu we-autistic futhi umsize aguqule izenzo zokuphikelela emisebenzini enenzuzo. Isibonelo, umuntu obeka izinjini zamathoyizi ngokuvamile angaziphendulela ezenzweni zakhe eziphindaphindiwe zibe ngumdwebo ongokomfanekiso, futhi angakwazi ukwakha nesithakazelo sakhe sokuphikelela ukuthuthukisa amakhono omphakathi.
- Uma ukholwa ukuthi ukuziphatha okuqhubekayo kubangelwa ukukhathazeka noma inkinga yamakhemikhali noma yezinzwa, cishe uzama ukulawula ukuziphatha ngokusebenzisa i-pharmacotherapy.
Izwi kusuka
Njengomzali, ungase ube namahloni noma ulahlekelwe ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiwe kwengane yakho. Ngaphambi kokuthatha isinyathelo "sokuqeda", noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqonda injongo abayisebenzayo. Uma basiza ngempela ingane yakho ukuba ihlale ithule, lawula izinselelo ezizwakalayo , noma ukuphatha ngokuhlukile izidingo zokuphila kwansuku zonke, kuzodingeka usekele ingane yakho njengoba eguqulela noma ewandisa imizila yakhe. Lokhu kungase kusho ukuthi uzothola udokotela ukuba asebenze nomntanakho, noma uguqule imvelo yengane yakho ukwenza kube yinselele encane.
> Imithombo:
> BA Boyd et al. Izici ezibonakalayo nokuziphatha okuphindaphindiwe ezinganeni ezine-autism nokulibaziseka kokuthuthukiswa. I-Autism Res. Ngo-Apr; 3 (2): 78-87. (2010)
> Kirby, Anne V., et al. "Ukuziphatha okubukhali nokuphindaphindiwe phakathi kwezingane ezine-autism spectrum disorder ekhaya." I-Autism 21.2 (2017): 142-154.
> Schertz, uHannah H., et al. "Umzali-Okubikiwe Ukuphindaphindiwe Kokuthi Kuyizingane Ezinambuzane Ze-Autism." I-Journal ye-autism kanye nezinkinga zokuthuthukiswa 46.10 (2016): 3308-3316.