Ukwelashwa kokutheleleka komthamo kuyobandakanya imithi eqondisa imbungu. Imithi ingase ihluke ngokusekelwe kohlobo lwe-tapeworm oluhilelekile, njengokwakheka komzimba wenkomo ( Taenia saginata) , i-piggy tapeworm (i- Taenia solium) , i-tapeworm yezinhlanzi (i- Diphyllobothrium latum ), i-tapeworm yase-Asia (i- Taenia asiatica ), ne-tapeworm encane ( Hymenolepis nana ).
Kubalulekile ukuthatha imithi njengoba kunqunywe futhi ulandele izinkomba zokugwema ukuvuselelwa ngesikhathi nangemva kokwelashwa.
Ukuze uthole ukutheleleka nge-tapeworm yengulube, uma isimo esibi kakhulu esibizwa nge-cysticercosis senzekile, imithi inganikezwa ukuphatha izimpawu futhi kwezinye izimo ukuhlinzwa kungadingeka.
Imigomo
Praziquantel
I-Praziquantel (i-Biltricide) iyinye imithi esetshenziselwa ukuphatha ukutheleleka komthamo. Kuyinto imithi yokulwa ne-antiparasitic engokwezigaba zemithi eyaziwa njenge-antihelmintics. Ukwelapha isifo nge-tapeworm, kunikezwa umthamo owodwa we-praziquantel.
I-tapeworms izamathisela emithanjeni yegazi odongeni lwamathumbu. I-Praziquantel isebenza ukusula ukutheleleka ngokuphazamisa izibungu, obese evikela udonga lwamathumbu emathunjini bese edlula emathunjini nasemzimbeni ngokusebenzisa i-anus ngokunyakaza kwesisu.
Amaphilisi e-Praziquantel kufanele athathwe ngokuphelele (ngaphandle kokuthi aphule ithebhulethi iyadingeka ngomthamo), hhayi ochotshoziwe, ngoba anomuncu omuncu futhi uyoba lula ukubhekana nawo uma ugwinya ngokuphelele.
Kufanele futhi kuthathwe ngokudla kanye nengilazi yamanzi egcwele.
Lesi sidakamizwa singabangela isizungu noma ukukhathala futhi abantu abayithatha kufanele bagweme ukushayela nokuphuza utshwala ngoba lokho kungandisa lemiphumela. Eminye yemiphumela emibi evamile yale mithi ingabandakanya ukuphathwa ikhanda, ubuhlungu besisu, isicanucanu, ukukhathala, ubuthakathaka, ukuhlanza, umkhuhlane, ukujuluka, ukuxubana noma ukuhlukunyezwa kwemisipha, ukuqhuma kwesikhumba nokulahlekelwa ukudla.
Ukuphendula okwenziwe nge-allergic kuya ku-praziquantel akuvamile, kepha izimpawu zendlela yokwelapha efana ne-hive, itching, isizungu, ukukhathazeka ukuphefumula, noma ukuvuvukala komphimbo noma ulimi kuyisizathu sokufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
I-Praziquantel ihlangana ne-grapefruit, ngakho-ke abantu abathola lesi sidakamizwa akufanele badle izithelo zomvini noma baphuze ujusi we-grapefruit ngenkathi bewuthatha. I-Praziquantel isigaba sokukhulelwa B, okusho ukuthi izifundo zenziwe ezilwaneni, kodwa hhayi kubantu, kanti izidakamizwa alindelekile ukuba zithinte ingane.
Noma kunjalo, kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela kwabesifazane abakhulelwe lapho kudingeka, futhi abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele bakhulume nodokotela babo ngaphambi kokuba bathole lesi sidakamizwa ukuze benze isinqumo esinolwazi. Lesi sidakamizwa sidlula ubisi lwebele bese sibheka ukuncelisa izinsuku ezintathu (amahora angu-72) ngemuva kokuba umthamo wokugcina uvunyelwe.
Tshela udokotela nganoma yiziphi ezinye izidakamizwa noma izithako ngoba zingathinta ukusebenza kwe praziquantel, kubandakanya:
- Imithi elwa nokulwa ne-Carbatrol (carbamazepine, Equetro, Tegretol), i-Dilantin (phenytoin), i-Felbatol (i-felbamate), i- Mysoline (primidone), i-phenobarbital, i-Trileptal (i-asoxcarbazepine)
- I-Aralen (i-chloroquine)
- Azole antifungals (itraconazole, ketoconazole)
- I-barbiturates njenge-Amytal (i-amobarbital), i-Butisol (i-butabarbital), i-Mebaral (i-mephobarbital), i-Seconal (i-secobarbital), noma iSolfoton (phenobarbital)
- I-Decadron (Hexadrol, dexamethasone)
- I-Erythrocin (i-erythromycin (EES, EryPed, Ery-Ta)
- Ukwelashwa kwe-HIV, kuhlanganise noSustiva (efavirenz, Atripla), i-Intelence (etravirine), i-Viramune (nevirapine), noma i-Norvir (i-ritonavir, i-Kaletra)
- I-ketozole (ketoconazole, Extina, i-Nizoral, i-Xolegal)
- I-Mycobutin (rifabutin)
- I-Priftin (i-rifapentine)
- Wort St. John's wort
- Imithi yokugula ngengqondo yokulala, kuhlanganise no-Nuvigil (armodafinil) noma i-Progivil (i-modafinil)
- I-Sporanox (itraconazole)
- I-Tagamet (i-cimetidine)
Alinia
Enye imithi, u-Alinia (nitazoxanide), isetshenziselwa ukutheleleka nge-tapeworm yangaphakathi ( H nana ).
I-Alinia iyi-antiprotozoal izidakamizwa ezingase zinikezwe njengethebulethi noma njengokumiswa kwamanzi. Kumele kuthathwe ngemuva kokudla okulula futhi ukulungiswa kwamanzi kufanele kushintshwe kahle ngaphambi kokuhambisa.
Eminye imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile yalesi sidakamizwa ihlanganisa ubuhlungu besisu, ikhanda lokukhwabanisa, i-nausea, isifo sohudo, ukuhlanza nokukhishwa kwesikhashana komchamo. Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe u-Alinia, utshele udokotela nganoma yiziphi ezinye izifo noma izimo, ikakhulukazi isifo sikashukela, isifo sesibindi, isifo sezinso, ukutheleleka nge-HIV, noma isifo somzimba sokuzivikela. Noma yiziphi izimpawu zokuphendula okunomsoco ezinjengezinyosi, ukucheka, ukuqhuma, noma ukuvuvukala komlomo nolimi kuyisizathu sokufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
U-Alinia uye wafundiswa ezilwaneni kodwa hhayi kubantu abakhulelwe futhi uhlukaniswa njengesigaba B sokukhulelwa ngoba akulindelekile ukuba kuthinte ingane. Kodwa-ke, kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa lapho kudingeka, futhi abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele baxoxe ngezinzuzo kanye nezingozi zale mithi nodokotela bazo ngaphambi kokuwuthola. Ayaziwa ukuthi u-Alinia udlulela ebisi lwebele futhi umphumela kumntwana okhulelwe awunakwazi.
Ukubhala ulwazi kuncoma ngokuthatha u-Alinia ngenkathi uthatha uCoumadin (warfarin). Tshela udokotela nganoma yiziphi ezinye izidakamizwa noma izithako ngoba zingathinta ukusebenza kuka-Alinia, kufaka phakathi:
- Aspirin
- I-Bumex (i-bumetanide)
- I-Cleocin (i-Clindesse, i-clindamycin)
- I-Coumadin (i-Jantoven warfarin)
- Depakene (Stavzor, valproic acid)
- Isifo sikashukela (Glynase, glyburide)
- I-Diamox Sequels (i-acetazolamide)
- I-Dilantin (i-Phenytek, i-phenytoin)
- I-glucotrol (i-glipizide)
- I-Hygroton (i-Thalitone, i-chlorthalidone)
- I-Platinol (i-cisplatin)
- I-prograf (i-Astagraf XL, i-tacrolimus)
- I-Soriatane (acitretin)
- I-Oncovin (iVincasar PFS, i-vincristine)
Ukwelashwa kwe-Cysticercosis
I-Cysticercosis iyinkinga yokutheleleka nge-tapeworm yengulube ( T. solium ). Uma umuntu ehlola amaqanda e-tapeworm yengulube, noma ngokudla okungcolile, amanzi, noma komunye umuntu, amaqanda angakha amazinga okuthiwa ama-oncospheres.
Ama-oncospheres angaphuma emathunjini nasemzimbeni. Kungenzeka ukuthi bahlale ebuchosheni, emisipha, amehlo, ngaphansi kwesikhumba, noma kwezinye izitho, bese benza ama-cysts. Lezi zinhlanzi zingase zidingeke noma zingadingi ukwelashwa.
Lapho ama-cysts efomini ebuchosheni (obangela isimo okuthiwa i-neurocysticercosis), ukuqubuka kungaholela. Imithi elwa ne-antiparasitic ebulala ama-cysts izonikezwa, kepha ezinye izidakamizwa nazo zingadingeka. Lapho ama-cysts e-tapeworm efa lapho ukwelashwa kungenzeka kube nokuvuvukala okudinga ukwelashwa nge-anti-inflammatory njenge-prednisone (i-corticosteroid). I-anticonvulsant ingase idingeke ukuze ivimbele ukuwayeka. Ngama-cysts entanjeni yomgogodla noma iso, ama-antiparasitics awahlinzekiwe ngenxa yengozi yokuvuvukala engalimaza izicubu kulezo zindawo.
Ngemuva kokwelapha
Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ukutheleleka kwe-tapeworm kusuliwe, udokotela uzohlehlisa ukuhlolwa kwe-stool. Lolu hlelo luzohlola izimpethu, amaqanda, noma ama-proglottids esitokisini ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukwelashwa okwengeziwe akudingeki noma ukuthi ukuvuselelwa akukenzekanga.
Kubalulekile ukugcina lezi zincomo zokulandela futhi uthole konke ukuhlolwa okuphakanyisiwe kwenziwe. Ukuphindwa kabusha kuyingozi, ngakho ukugeza izandla ngendlela efanele futhi ukulandela ezinye izincomo ezivela kudokotela mayelana nokupheka ukudla kubalulekile. Endabeni ye-neurocysticercosis, ukulandelwa kungafaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging nezinye izifo lapho kudingeka.
> Imithombo:
> Ulwazi lwe-Alinia Yokumemezela. I-Romark, i-LC. April 2017.
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. "Izinambuzane - I-Cysticercosis." I-Global Health - Division of Diseases.
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. "Izidakamizwa - i-Taeniasis." I-Global Health - I-Division of Diasitic Illness 10 Jan 2013.
> I-World Health Organization. "Taeniasis / cysticercosis." I-WHO.int. Apr 2017.
> Zimmer C. "Ubhubhane Olufihlekile: Izintambo Ezihlala Ngaphakathi Ubuningi Babantu." Thola.