I-pasteurization yindlela yokushisa ukushisa izidakamizwa noma ukudla ukubulala izinambuzane ezincane (njengeBrucella, i- Campylobacter , i-E. coli O157: H7, i- Listeria , i-Mycobacterium bovis, i-Campylobacter, i- Salmonella ne-Yersinia) engabangela izifo. Yasungulwa nguLouis Pasteur ngo-1864, futhi lo mkhuba waqala ukuhweba ngasekupheleni kwe-1800s nasekuqaleni kwawo-1900. Ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwabathengi, ukuguqulwa kwamathambo kungathuthukisa izinga lokuphila kanye neshalofu.
Ubisi obomvu, i-ayisikhilimu eluhlaza, ushizi oluhlaza, kanye nama-yogurts aluhlaza awunakekelwa. Kukhona ukukhathazeka okukodwa ukuthi abesifazane abakhulelwe, abantwana, kanye nabantu abangenakho ukuzivikela bangasengozini yokutheleleka kwezifo ezivela ebusweni obungasetshenziswanga. I-TB isetshenziswa ngokuvamile ngenxa yobisi obungasetshenziswanga. I-Brucella ingaba yisifo esinciphisa amandla esiyinkimbinkimbi yokuthola, esivame ukusakazwa ngobisi.
Iziqhumane ngenxa yobisi oluhlaza zivame kakhulu ezindaweni lapho i-Raw Milk ingavunyelwe khona. Amazwe ahlukene anemithethonqubo ehlukene ekudayiseni kwalolu ubisi. Abanye bakwenza ngokungemthetho ukuthengisa ummbila obomvu. Abanye bavumela kuphela ukuthi bathengiswe emapulazini.
Izindlela zokugcoba umzimba
- Ukwelashwa okuPhezulu okuPhezulu okuPhezulu. Ubisi buthakathaka ngo-161 F ngamasekhondi angu-15.
- Ukwelashwa Okuphansi Kwesikhathi Esiphansi. Ubisi abuketshezi ngo-145 F ngamaminithi angu-30.
- Flash Pasteurization. Lolu hlobo lokuncelisa inyama, okubandakanya ukushisa okuphezulu emasekhondeni amathathu kuya kwangu-15 kulandelwa ukupholisa nokupakisha, kusetshenziselwa amabhokisi okuphuza nezinye iziphuzo ezingagcinwa isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwesiqandisiso.
- I-Steam Pasteurization. I-steam ene-pressurized isetshenziselwa ukubulala u- E. coli , i-Salmonella, no-Listeria emzimbeni wesilwane. Ukuvezwa kwenkomo yenkomo yomswakama kubangelwa ukushisa kwamanzi okungaba ngu-200 F.
- I-Irradiation Pasteurization. Ukuvezwa kwemigqa ye-gamma kungavimbela ukukhula kwamakhemikhali okudla okufana nokudla, izinongo, nokukhiqiza.
- I-Ultrapasteurization. Ukushisa ubisi noma ukhilimu ku-280 F ngamasekhondi angu-2 kungadlulisa impilo yesibhakabhaka impilo yobisi kusuka ezinsukwini ezingu-60 kuya kwezingu-90.
- I-Pasteurization Yokushisa Okuphezulu Okuphezulu. Ukushisa ubisi ku-280 kuya ku-302 F ngamasekhondi angu-1 noma amabili okulandelwa ukufaka amaphakheji ezitsheni ezivimbelwe umoya kuvumela isitoreji ngaphandle kwesiqandisiso izinsuku ezingaba ngu-90.
Amanga Namaqiniso Ngama-Pasteurization
- Inganekwane : Ukugcoba umzimba kunciphisa inani lokudla okunomsoco wobisi.
- Iqiniso : Inzalo yobisi ibhidliza ezinye zezingxenye zobisi, kepha umphumela wangempela wokudla okunomthelela ubhekwe njengemkhawulo.
- Inganekwane : Ubisi olungasetshenzisiwe lubangela ukubekezelelana kwe-lactose .
- Iqiniso : I-Lactose yi-ushukela wemvelo etholakala ebisi. Kokubili ubisi oluhlaza nolunamanzi luqukethe i-lactose, futhi ukuguqulwa kwe-pasteurization akuguquki amazinga we-lactose. Abameli abasawoti bebisi bathi i-milk eluhlaza iqukethe i-Bifidobacteria, i-probiotic ( amabhaktheriya azuzayo ) asiza ukugaya i-lactose. Nakuba ubisi oluhlaza lungase luqukathe le probiotic, kubangelwa ukungcola kusuka emthonjeni wezilwane futhi akubhekwa njengenzuzo.
- Inganekwane : Ubisi olungasetshenzisiwe lubangela ukubola.
- Iqiniso : Amaprotheni omsolo abangela ukuguliswa komzimba akhona kokubili ubisi oluhlaza noma olungenalutho. Ukunciphisa ubisi akufaki ukwelashwa okusha .
- Inganekwane : Ubisi olunomsoco bunemvelo yemvelo.
- Iqiniso : Ama-enzyme ebusini anezindawo zokulwa namagciwane anama-bacteriocins, i-lactoferrin, i-lactoperoxidase, i-lysozyme, ne-nisin. Kodwa-ke, iningi lamakhemikhali e-milk asinda ama-pasteurization kodwa aphulwa yisisu esiswini ngesikhathi sokugaya.
- Inganekwane : Uma i-organic, iphephile.
- Iqiniso : Kuphela uma ubisi olubalulekile lungagciniwe.
- Inganekwane : Ubisi obuvela emapulazini amahle luphephile uma kusha, ngisho noma kungenakuhlolwa.
- Iqiniso : Izifo zingasakazeka ngisho nobisi oluvela emapulazini ahlanzekile - ahlanzekile futhi aphathe kahle izinkomo.
- Inganekwane : Kulungile uma ivela ku-co-op noma inkomo yethu
- Iqiniso : Izifo zingasakazeka ngisho nobisi oluvela kwenkomo yakho noma i-Co-op ebonakala ibonakala kahle.
Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi, i-CDC iyinsiza enkulu yobisi nokunye ukukhathazeka kokuphepha kokudla mayelana nokuphepha kokudla nokunciphisa izifo zokudla.
Imithombo:
I-pasteurization. I-A kuya Z. USFDA National Science Teachers Association
Izingozi Zobisi Oluphuzile. Isikhungo se-USFDA sokuPhepha kokuPhepha nokuThengiswa kokuFunyiwe.
Bren, L. Uthole Ubisi? Qiniseka ukuthi i-Pastaurized FDA Consumer Magazine. Sept-Okthoba 2004.