Izimbangela zihlanganisa ama-virus, amabhaktheriya nama-parasites
Ukuhuda isifo kungaphezulu nje komthombo wokuhlukumezeka. Empeleni, yiyona yesibili imbangela yokufa kubantwana ezweni elikhulayo kanye negalelo eliyinhloko lokusebenzela ukungabikho emsebenzini nokulahlekelwa komkhiqizo kwabasebenzi baseMelika.
Abantu asebekhulile, izingane ezincane, kanye nabantu abanamasosha omzimba ahlaselekile basengozini ikakhulukazi futhi bangengozi yokugula ngisho nokufa ngenxa yokuphela kwamanzi okwesikhashana.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo ezibhekene ne-Diarrhea engezona ezithathelwanayo
Izifo ezithathelwanayo, izifo ezinama-bacterial, kanye nezifo eziyimfucuza ziyisisusa esivame kakhulu sohudo, ngokuvamile zisakazeka emgwaqweni womlomo . Yilapho izidakamizwa ezithathelwanayo zisakazeka ngengozi kusuka komuntu oyedwa kuya kwesinye (njengokubambisana ngesandla), ngokuhlangana nomuntu ongcolile noma izitsha, noma ukufaka ukudla noma isiphuzo esingcolisiwe.
Kukhona nemithombo engasetshenzisiwe yesifo sohudo, evame ukuhlobene nezimo zezokwelapha ezithinta ukugaya ukudla, ukuzivikela komzimba noma i-endocrine (hormone) system. Phakathi kwalezi zifo ezibangelwa isifo sofuba (IBS) , isifo sofuba esiswini (IBD) , isifo se-celiac , i- hyperthyroidism , nokubekezelelana kwe-lactose .
Izimbangela ezithathelwanayo zokuhuda ziqala isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i- gastroenteritis , engabangela nesicanucanu, ukuhlanza, nobuhlungu besisu. Uma isifo sohudo sihambisana negazi, kubizwa ngokuthi yisifo samathambo.
Izimbangela Zengculazi
Ama-viruses yiyona imbangela evamile yokuhuda futhi ahlobene ikakhulukazi ezinhlobonhlobo ezine eziqondile:
- I-Norovirus , eyaziwa nangokuthi "i-cruise ship virus," iyimbangela evame kakhulu yokudla kwe-gastroenteritis e-US
- I-Rotavirus yiyona imbangela evamile kakhulu yokuhuda ezingane zaseMelika kanye nesibangele sokufa kwezingane ezweni elikhulayo.
- Izinhlobo ze-Adenovirus 40 no-41 ziyi-subtypes ezihambisana nokuhuda futhi ziphakathi kwezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-50 ze-adenovirus ezaziwa kumuntu (okufaka futhi ama-virusi abandayo).
- I-Astroviruses yizimbangela ezivamile zokuhuda ezikhulile, izingane, nabantu abanezigciwane zomzimba ezikhubazekile.
Amabhaktheriya
Uhudo lwe-bacteria luyisandla esikhulu ekuguleni nasekufeni emhlabeni wonke. Nakuba kungavamile kakhulu e-US kunesifo sohudo, ukutheleleka kwezihlobo kungase kuholele ekudleni ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwezilonda nokuvuvukala emathunjini. Phakathi kwezimbangela ezivame kakhulu:
- I-Salmonella enteritidis ingabangela isifo sohudo, isifo somkhuhlane, nesisu esiswini ngaphakathi kwamahora angu-12 kuya kwangu-72 okudla ukudla okungcolile noma isiphuzo.
- I-Escherichia coli (ikakhulukazi i- E. coli 0157) isakazwa ngokudla okungcolile nemikhiqizo yobisi futhi ingaholela esimweni esiyaziwa ngokuthi i-colitis emangcwabeni.
- I-Shigella ivame kokubili e-US nasemhlabeni jikelele futhi ngokuvamile ingabangela ukuhuda kwegazi, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni zasenkulisa.
- I-Campylobacter iphakathi kwezifo ezivame ukudla ukudla okubangelwa yi-bacteria futhi ingabangela ukuhuda kwamanzi ngenxa yokuvuvukala kwamathumbu emathunjini
- Ukutheleleka kwe- Vibrio kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokudla ukudla okulwandle okuluhlaza noma i-sushi.
- I-staphylococcus aureus ingabangela uhudo oluqhuma ngenxa yezidakamizwa ezikhishwe amabhaktheriya.
- I-Clostridium difficile iyingqayizivele yokuthi ukukhulelwa kwesifo kuvame ukuhlanganiswa nokusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic. Namuhla yiyona imbangela evame kakhulu yesifo sohudo esitholwe esibhedlela.
- I-Yersinia ibhekwa njengabaktheriya abangela isifo se-bubonic futhi kuvame ukutholakala emikhiqizweni yobisi.
Izimbangela zeParasitic
I-protozoa yiyona imbangela eyinhloko yesifo sohudo e-parasitic e-US nasemhlabeni jikelele. Lezi zinhlobo eziphilayo ezinama-celled zivela ngezindlela eziningi futhi zivame ukudluliswa ngamanzi okuphuza onegciwane. Phakathi kwezimbangela ezintathu ezivame kakhulu zesifo sohudo:
- I-Giardia lamblia idluliswa ngokudla okungcolile noma ngokuxhumana nomuntu nomuntu futhi ingabangela ukuhuda kwesibindi ngaphakathi kwezinsuku ezimbili zokutheleleka.
- I-Entamoeba histolytica ihlobene nokudluliswa komlomo nge-fecal-futhi ingabangela ukuhuda kwamanzi njengoba ama-microorganisms engena emdongeni wamathumbu emathunjini.
- I-Cryptosporidium iyaziwa ukuthi ibangela kokubili ukugula okuphefumula kanye nokusemathunjini futhi ibonakala ngokuthuthukiswa kwamanzi.
Ukuxilongwa Nokunakekelwa
Ngokususelwa kuhlobo lokuhuda oluhlangene-kanye nezinye izimpawu nezici (kufaka phakathi umlando womuntu womjikelezo) -udokotela uzosebenza uchungechunge lwezivivinyo ukuze abone umthombo wesifo.
Isiko se-stool lisetshenziselwa ukuxilonga ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya, kuyilapho ukuhlolwa okuhambisana nezincane ezincane kanye nokuhlaselwa kwe-antigen kungasiza ekutholeni i-protozoa kuma-sampuli esitokisini. Ukutheleleka ngegciwane kungatholakala ngokuthi uqhuba i- PCR test esitokisini somuntu, igazi, noma ezinye izifo zomzimba.
Ukwelashwa kungahluka ngokususelwa kumbangela. Ama-antibiotics kanye nama-antiviral ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo ezithathelwana nge-bacterial and viral, ngokulandelana, kanti noma yiliphi inani lama-antimicrobial agents angasetshenziswa uma imbangela i-protozoan.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imishanguzo yokulwa nesifo sohudo ingahle ibekwe kanye nokwelapha ngomlomo ukuvimbela noma ukuphatha ukulahlekelwa kohlobo oluthile. I-flux ingabuye ihanjiswe ngaphakathi (nge-vein) uma ukuphuma kwamanzi kukhulu kakhulu. Imithi yokwelapha ubuhlungu ingasiza ekunciphiseni ubuhlungu nomkhuhlane.
Ukuvimbela
I-ounce yokuvimbela impela iyadingeka isisindo semithi uma kuziwa ekugwemeni isifo sohudo esithathelwanayo. Omkhulu phakathi kwemizamo yokuvimbela ukuhlanzeka okuhle nokugeza izandla njalo. Ngenkathi abantu abaningi bezotshala imali emzimbeni wokugcoba , ukuhlanza ngokugcwele ngamanzi ashisayo nesepha kuzovame ukwenza iphutha. Ukugcina izimo zangasese endlini yokugezela, ekhishini, noma kuphi lapho ukudla kudliwe nakho kuyisihluthulelo.
Uma izinkukhu zokupheka, inyama, noma i-shellfish, qiniseka ukuthi ziphekwe kahle futhi zisebenzisa ukushisa kwekhishi, uma kudingeka. Thatha ukunakekelwa okunye ukugeza zonke izithelo nemifino bese ugwema ukudla amahlombe afakwe elukhunjini uma ungaba nokungabaza mayelana nokuvela noma ukuphuma kwawo. Ukusika amabhodi kanye nezitsha kufanele futhi kuhlanzwe ngokushesha ngemuva kokuhlangana nomfutho onkuhlaza, izinkukhu noma izilwane zasolwandle.
Okokugcina, uma uhamba ngaphesheya kwezilwandle, qiniseka ukuthi imishanguzo yakho isesikhathini. Uma uhlela ukuvakashela izwe elikhulayo, vakashela iwebhusayithi yezempilo yokuhamba ephethwe yiCenter for Disease Control and Prevention ukuze ufunde ukuthi yimiphi imigomo edingekayo futhi ubuyekeze noma yiluphi ulwazi oluhlobene namanzi nokuphepha kwendawo.
> Imithombo:
> Buono, A .; Carson, R .; kanye no-Flores, M. "Impilo ehambisana nempilo yokuphila, ukukhiqiza umsebenzi, kanye nezindleko ezingavamile phakathi kweziguli ezinezifo zesifo sofuba esinomsindo." Imiphumela ye-Health Qual Life. 2017; 15 (1): 35. I-DOI: 10.1186 / s12955-017-0611-2.
> Kasper, D .; UFauci, A .; Hauser, S. et al. (2015) Izimiso zikaHarrison zeMithi yangaphakathi. ENew York: iMcGraw Hill Education
> Lanata, C .; I-Fischer-Walker, iC .; Olascoaga, et al. "Izimbangela Zomhlaba Wonke Zokufa Kwesifo Sohudo Ekufeni Kwezingane