Amathiphu okugwema ukutheleleka ekhaya noma kwamanye amazwe
Ngenkathi igciwane leZika livame ukubangela ukugula okuncane, okuzimele, ukudluliselwa kwegciwane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungaba yingozi futhi kuholele ekutheni okungajwayelekile okuzalwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-microcephaly. Ngenxa yokuthi ayikho igciwane noma ukwelashwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, indlela kuphela yokuvimbela ukutheleleka iwukuba ugweme ukulunywa umiyane uma uhambela noma uhlala endaweni lapho ingozi yeZika iphezulu khona.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ukhulelwe, kuzodingeka ukuthi usebenzise amakhondomu njalo uma ulala ucansi noma ulahla ucansi kuze kube yilapho udokotela wakho ekutshela khona.
Ukuvimbela Ukulunywa Kwamantongomane
I-virus ye-Zika ngokuyinhloko isakazwa yizinyosi ze-Aedes aegypti , uhlobo olusakaze ezindaweni ezibandayo nasezindaweni ezishisayo emhlabeni wonke. Ngokungafani neminye imiyane, i- Aedes aegypti iyasebenza kakhulu emini. Umswakama ungabonwa ngamakhwala amhlophe emilenzeni yawo bese ubeka uphawu emhlane walo ngesimo sehabhu.
Iningi leZika lizoqhamuka phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo zasehlobo nasehlobo lapho umiyane ukhula ngokuzikhandla. Enyakatho hemisphere, inkathi ingaqala ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli bese kuphela ngoNovemba lapho amazinga okushisa ewela phansi ngaphansi kuka-F. F. Ezindaweni eziseningizimu, okungafani kuyoba yiqiniso, ngenkathi iqala ngoSepthemba kuya kuMeyi. Ingozi iyona ephakeme ngesikhathi sehlobo.
Izinyosi ze-Aedes aegypti zingatholakala emazweni amaningi ase-equator kodwa zihlotshaniswa nokuhlukunyezwa okukhulu eNingizimu Melika, eMelika Ephakathi, naseCaribbean, Central and East Africa, eNdiya, eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia naseNyakatho ye-Australia.
E-US, umlingo uvame ukubonakala eGulf Coast ephuma eTexas kuya eFlorida.
Uma uhlala noma uhamba kulezi zindawo, kunezinto ezithile ongayenza ukuze uvimbele ukulunywa umiyane:
- Sebenzisa i-insecte repellent . Izinketho zihlanganisa lezo ezenziwe nge-DEET (ukuhlushwa okungenani okungamaphesenti angu-10), i-picaridin (eyaziwa njenge-icaridin noma i-KBR 3023), namafutha we-lemon eucalyptus .
- Gqoka izingubo zokuzivikela. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukugqoka imikhono emide, izibhulu ezide, amasokisi nezicathulo. Imilenze yezintambo ingafakwa emabhokisini noma amasokisi wokuvikelwa okungeziwe.
- Ukulala ngaphansi komlenze wokungcosana. Ukwehla okufakwe ngaphakathi okutholakele kuyatholakala ngokusebenzisa abathengisi abakhethekile.
- Lahla amanzi okuma. Izinambuzane zingakhula ngisho namanzi amancane azungeze indlu. Lokhu kubandakanya ama-vases embali kanye nama-gutters avinjelwe.
- Gcina imiyane ukuze ungene ngaphakathi. Vala amafasitela nama-vents, bese usebenzisa i-air conditioner uma kushisa kakhulu.
- Hlola izeluleko zezempilo ngaphambi kokuhamba. I-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) inikeza izincomo zokuhamba zakwaZika ezivuselelwe njalo. Uma ingozi yeZika iphezulu, ingashintsha izinhlelo zakho noma uhlehlise uhambo lwakho ekwindla ekwindla noma ezinyangeni zasebusika.
Ukuvimbela ukuvezwa ngokocansi
Ukugwema i-Zika ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kudinga izindlela ezimbili zokuvimbela umlomo: ukuvimbela umlingo wokuluma nokugwema ukuvezwa ngesikhathi socansi lomlomo, isisu, noma isilwane.
Uma ukhulelwe, kungcono ukugwema ukuhamba emazweni lapho igciwane likhona khona . Uma umlingani wakho esanda kubuya endaweni enjalo, kunezinto eziningana ongakwazi ukuzivikela ngazo zombili:
- Sebenzisa amakhondomu. I-CDC iphakamisa okwamanje ukusebenzisa amakhondomu okungenani amasonto ayisishiyagalolunye emva kokubuya uma umlingani wakho engenazo izimpawu (ngaphandle kwempawu) futhi okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha uma ebonisa uphawu. Okuncane kokuziqeda, lokhu kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela.
- Sebenzisa ukuphika kwezinambuzane. Lokhu kumele kusetshenziswe nguwe nomlingani wakho okungenani amasonto amathathu ngemuva kokubuya kwakhe. Ukwenza kanjalo kungavimbela umuntu-ukuthunyelwa komuntu-umuthi.
- Sebenzisa amadamu wamazinyo ngesikhathi socansi ngomlomo. (Ungenza ngisho nenye uma kudingeka.)
- Gwema ukwabelana ngamathoyizi wezocansi. Ngenye indlela, ungasebenzisa amakhondomu kumathoyizi wezocansi bese usulalisa itekisi phakathi kokusetshenziswa.
Uma umlingani wakho enomzimba noma edala izimpawu zeZika , ukuhlolwa kufanele kudingeke kumnyango wezempilo kamasipala noma wesifundazwe. Ukuhlola kwangaphambi kokuqala noma ukuhlolwa komlingani ongenamqondo okwamanje kuneluleka.
Uma ngabe uzama ukukhulelwa, ungase ufune ukubambezela izinhlelo zakho kuze kube yilapho udokotela noma isazi esithathelwanayo sesifo esitshela ukuthi uhlukile.
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-Zika virus ingaphikelela emzimbeni isikhathi eside ezinsukwini ezingu-188 ezilandelayo izimpawu. Ngalesi sikhathi, uma igciwane lidluliselwa kumama, lingabangela ukukhubazeka okungabhubhisa kakhulu okubizwa ngokuthi i- microcephaly lapho ingane izalwa khona nenhloko encane nobuchopho obungavamile.
Ukuvimbela Ukuvezwa Kwegazi
Nakuba sekukhona amacala amaningana eBrazil lapho igciwane leZika liye ladluliselwa khona ngegazi, ingozi ibhekwa njengephansi. Ngenkathi ucwaningo luqhubeka, ubufakazi obukhona bubonisa ukuthi igciwane alinakukwazi ukuphikelela egazini futhi cishe lizocaca zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-13.
Imihlahlandlela emisha eyenziwe yi-US Food and Drug Administration iphinde iyanciphisa ingozi ngokuhlola njalo iminikelo yegazi nokukhipha noma yiziphi izivivinyo ezitholela i-Zika virus ekunikezeni igazi.
Uma lokhu kungakunikezi isiqiniseko esanele, ungenza umnikelo wokuzidela ozinikela wona ngegazi ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa noma inqubo yokwelapha ehleliwe. Iminikelo ye-Autologous idinga udokotela kadokotela. Thintana nomhlinzeki wakho ukuze uthole ukuthi uvumelekile yini ukwenza umnikelo onjalo.
Ukuthuthukiswa komgomo
Ngenyanga ka-2017, isivivinyo sesigaba sesibili sesivivinyo somuntu savunyelwa ukuhlola umuthi wokugoma ohlotshiswe ngokofuzo olusekelwe kuhlobo olufanayo olusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa umgomo wokugoma i- West Nile . Ababambe iqhaza abangu-80 babhalisiwe kulesi sivivinyo esizoqhutshwa eminyakeni engaphezu kwemibili ezindaweni ezintathu e-United States.
Umgomo wokuphenya uqukethe izakhi zofuzo ukuthi, uma zijowe engxenyeni, zinikela umzimba ngolwazi oludingekayo ukwakha izinhlayiya ezifana ne-Zika. Ngenkathi lezi zinhlayiyana zingenasifo, amasosha omzimba azophendula kubo njengokungathi ayenjalo futhi aqalise ukuvikelwa komzimba. Imodeli efanayo isetshenziswe ngokuphumelelayo ekwakheni imishanguzo yezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo.
Uma imiphumela yecala lezinyathelo ezimbili liphumelela, ukuhlolwa kweSigaba III kungaqala ngo-2020.
Amanye amamodeli wokugoma ayesimweni sokuqala sokuphenya.
> Imithombo:
> Epelboin, Y .; I-Talaga, i-S .; Epelboin, L. et al. "I-virus ye-Zika: Ukubuyekezwa okubuyekeziwe kwamangqamuzana afanelekayo noma angokwemvelo." I- PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017; 11 (11): e0005933. I-DOI: 10.1371 / iphephandaba.pntd.0005933.
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. "Umhlahlandlela Wezokwelapha Abahlinzeki Bempilo Yokuvimbela Ukudluliswa Ngokocansi Kwe-Virus Zika." E-Atlanta, eGeorgia; ibuyekezwe ngoDisemba 13, 2016.
> Gao, D .; Lou, Y .; Yena, D. et al. "Ukuvimbela Nokulawulwa kweZika njengeMiyane-Isifo Esithathelanayo Nezifo Zesandulela Ngculazi: Ukuhlaziywa Kwemodeli Yesibalo." Sci Rep. 2016; 6: 28070. I-DOI: 10.1038 / srep28070.
> Izikhungo Zikazwelonke Zempilo. "I-NIH iqala ukuhlola ukugonywa kweZika kubantu." IBethesda, eMaryne; ikhishwe ngo-Agasti 3, 2016.
> Paz-Bailey, G .; I-Rosenberg, E .; UDoyle, K. et al. "Ukuphikelela I-Virus Zika Emzimbeni Wegazi - Umbiko Wokuqala." N Eng J M. 2017. I-DOI: 10.1056 / NEJMoa1613108.