Izimpawu ezinobumnene, ezinjenge-flu zingahle ziphenduke zibulale kwezinye
Umkhuhlane waseNtshonalanga Nile ungukutheleleka kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza lapho amaphesenti angama-75 amacala azoba nezimpawu ezincane ezingabonakali. Amaphesenti angu-25 asele angathuthukisa umkhuhlane, ikhanda, ukuhlanza noma ukuqubuka. Ngenkathi igciwane leNtshonalanga yeNtshonalanga lingabangela ukugula okukhulu kubantu abadala noma izingane ezinempilo, labo abanamasosha omzimba anqotshwe (njengalaba asebekhulile nabantu abaphila negciwane lesandulela ngculaza) bangengozi enkulu yokubhekana nezinkinga ezinkulu, okubandakanya i-meningitis ne-encephalitis.
Izimpawu Ezivamile
Abantu abanegciwane lesigciwane se- West Nile bazovame ukuthuthukisa izimpawu ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezingu-14 zokuchayeka. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa:
- Izinwele
- Fever
- Ama-muscle aches (i-myalgia)
- Ubuhlungu obuhlangene (i-arthralgia)
- Ukujuluka ngokweqile
- I-nausea
- Ukuvota
- Uhudo
- I-gland gland (i- lymphadenopathy )
- I-rash maculopapular (evezwe ngamabhomu amancane, abomvu)
Izimpawu ziba mnene futhi zingahlala izinsuku ezimbalwa noma amasonto ambalwa. Uma kungabikho ukuqhuma, abantu bavame ukuchaza ukuthi ukutheleleka kufana nokushisa okuncane noma ukushisa okubi kakhulu ehlobo. Ngokuvamile kunalokho, izimpawu zizozixazulula zodwa ngaphandle kokwelashwa.
Izinkinga
Igciwane le-West Nile liyigciwane le-neurotropic, okusho ukuthi lihlasela isimiso sezinzwa ngokukhethekile. Ezimweni eziningi, izivikelo zomzimba zomzimba zingakwazi ukulawula futhi ekugcineni zinciphise igciwane ngokwabo.
Kodwa-ke, okufanayo kungase kungabambeli iqiniso kubantu abasebenzisa amasosha omzimba abo .
Lokhu kubeka amaqembu athile-njengalabo asebekhulile, abamukeli begciwane lesandulela ngculaza , abantu abanesandulela ngculazi , nalabo abaphethwe yi-chemotherapy yomdlavuza-engozini enkulu yokwenza izinkinga ezinkulu futhi ezingase zisongele ukuphila.
Izinhlobo kanye nobukhulu bezimpawu zixhomeke kakhulu ezingxenyeni zesimiso sezinzwa ezithintekayo.
Ngokubambisana, izinkinga zibizwa ngokuthi yi-West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND) futhi zifaka i-encephalitis, i-meningitis, i-meningoencephalitis, ne-poliomyelitis. Ngokubanzi, i-WNND ihlotshaniswa nengozi ye-9% yokufa. Izinga likholelwa ukuthi liphakeme kulabo asebekhulile.
I-West Nile Encephalitis
I- encephalitis yaseNtshonalanga ye-Nile yisimo lapho igciwane elidala ukuvuvukala kobuchopho. Ukwenza kanjalo ngokuwela umkhawulo wegazi-ochotshozayo ojikelezayo ubuchopho futhi uhlunga ama-agent awonayo. Igciwane le-West Nile lingenye yezinambuzane ezimbalwa ezithwala izinambuzane ezikwazi ukwenza lokhu kalula.
I-encephalitis yaseNtshonalanga yeNew West yiyona ukubonakaliswa okuvame kakhulu kwe-WNND. Ngokuvamile kubangelwa umkhuhlane, ikhanda, ubuhlungu bezintamo noma ukuqina, ukudideka, ukukhohlwa, ukwehliswa ngokweqile, ukuzwela okulula (photophobia), kanye nezinguquko kumuntu noma ekuziphatheni.
Phakathi kwamaphesenti angu-30 kanye namaphesenti angu-50 abantu abane-West Nile encephalitis bazobona ubunzima obuthakathaka bomzimba obuhlukile (okusho ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba). Kulezi, ezinye zingase zithuthuke ekufezeni ukukhubazeka, uhlobo lokukhubazeka lapho imisipha engakwazi ukuyibopha khona.
I-West Nile Meningitis
I-West Nile meningitis yisimo lapho igciwane elidala khona ukuvuvukala kwamadoda, izintathu ezintathu ezizungezile futhi zifake ubuchopho nomgogodla.
Ngesikhathi i-meningitis ingabangela izimpawu eziningi ezifanayo zomzimba we-West Nile encephalitis, ngokuvamile ayishintshi ukuziphatha komuntu noma ubuntu bakhe. Ukudabuka, ukuhlanza, nokwesaba umsindo omkhulu (i-phonophobia) nazo zivamile.
I-West Nile Meningoencephalitis
I-West Nile meningoencephalitis iyinkimbinkimbi echaphazela kokubili ubuchopho kanye nama-meninges. Amadoda aphakathi kweminyaka engama-60 no-89 angamathuba angama-20 amaningi okuthuthukisa iNew West Nile meningoencephalitis kunabantu abaningi, kuyilapho abantu abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezikhungethwe ngamagciwane basengozini engama-40.
Ngenkathi i-meningoencephalitis ihlanganyela izimpawu eziningi ezifanayo ze-neurologic ze-meningitis ne-encephalitis, zivame ukuba zinzima kakhulu futhi zihlale zihlala isikhathi eside (futhi kungenzeka, kwezinye izimo, zihlale unomphela) nale nkinga ethile.
Ingozi yokufa nayo iphakeme, ihamba phakathi kwamaphesenti angu-12 namaphesenti angu-15. Ukufa kwabantu abasemkhunjini kungase kube ngamaphesenti angama-35.
I-West Nile Poliomyelitis
I-West Nile poliomyelitis, njengamanye amafomu epholiyo, ibonakala yi-acute futhi evame ukungakwazi ukulahlekelwa ukulawulwa kwemoto. Ngokungafani nezinye izinkinga ze-neurologic ze-West Nile fever, i-poliomyelitis kungenzeka ingabi nehambisana nomkhuhlane, ikhanda, noma ezinye izimpawu ezivamile zokutheleleka.
Lesi simo sibonakala ngokungazelelwe kokukhubazeka okungaqondakali emzimbeni womzimba, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwesisindo. Ukukhubazeka kuvame ukuqala ubuhlungu futhi kungathatha ngokushesha, ngokuvamile phakathi kwezinsuku ezimbili ukuya kweziyisishiyagalombili zokuqala kokubonakala kwezimpawu.
Ngokuvamile, i-West Nile poliomyelitis ingathinta uhlelo lokuphefumula futhi idinga umoya wokuphuza umoya ukuze kusize umuntu uphefumule. Kungabangela nokulahlekelwa ukulawulwa kwe- sphincter , okuholela ekungeneni kwe- urinary noma kwe- fecal .
Nakuba ukukhubazeka kungabangela ukukhubazeka okungapheli, amacala amabi angathuthuka kakhulu njengoba amangqamuzana anesifo esithintekile kancane kancane alulame futhi avuselele ukuxhumana. Abantu abanamalungu amancane abathintekile bavame ukukhombisa ukuthuthukiswa okungcono jikelele. Ngalokho kuthiwa, ukutholakala kwamandla amaningi kuzokwenzeka phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili kulandela ukuqala kwezibonakaliso, ekugcineni kubekwe ukuthuthukiswa okubonakalayo kancane.
Ukukhubazeka okubuyiselwa eNew West
Ukukhubazeka okubuyiselwa eNtshonalanga Nile kuyindlela encane kakhulu, eyesikhashana yokukhubazeka, futhi iphinde ithinte uhlangothi olulodwa lomzimba. Nakuba lesi simo singaqondakali kahle, kukholakala ukuthi kubangelwa ukuvuvukala kwengxenye efanayo yomgogodla (obizwa ngokuthi uphondo lwangaphakathi ) oludala i-poliomyelitis nesifo sikaLou Gehrig .
Yini ehlukanisa ukukhubazeka okuvela eNtshonalanga Nile ephuma eN West West i-poliomyelitis yukuthi izimpendulo zempendulo zihlala ziqinile ngisho nalapho ubuthakathaka bomzimba buba khona. Ngenkathi ukukhubazeka kokuqala kungaba nkulu, ekugcineni kuzoguqula ukukhubazeka okuncane okubonakalayo komsebenzi wemoto.
Nini Ukubona Udokotela
Ukulunywa umlingo akusho ukuthi uzothola umkhuhlane waseNtshonalanga Nile. Iningi labantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculazi lingase lingalokwazi noma liphuthele kalula umkhuhlane omncane. Ngisho noma uthola ukuthi usulelekile, amathuba ukuthi uzoba ngcono ngaphandle kwezinkinga noma ukwelashwa.
Uma kuthiwa, uma usukhulile noma uvikelekile emzimbeni, kudingeka ufune ukunakekelwa ngokushesha uma uzwa ikhanda elinzima, umkhuhlane omkhulu, ukuqina kwentamo, ukudideka, ukuzwela kokukhanya, noma ubuthakathaka obuthakathaka bomzimba. Lezi zingase zibe izibonakaliso ze-encephalitis noma i-meningitis, zombili ezidinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo.
Igciwane le-West Nile asisona isifo esihlobene nokuhamba kwamanye amazwe. Ungayithola e-United States kalula njengoba i-Afrika neMpumalanga Ephakathi. Abafayo, okuye kwenzeke kakhulu phakathi kwabantu asebekhulile, bebelokhu bebephansi, kusukela ku-12 kunani laseCanada kuya kwabangu-177 e-United States.
> Imithombo:
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. I-virus eNew West. I-Atlanta, Georgia; ibuyekezwe ngo-Agasti 2, 2017.
> I-Gyure, i-K. West Nile Infections Viral. J Neuropath Expert Neurology. 2009; 10 (1): 1053-60. I-DOI: 10.1097 / NEN.0b013e3181b88114.
> Hughes, J .; UWilson, uM .; noSejvar, J. ImiPhumela Yesikhathi Eside Yokwelashwa Kwebantfu BaseNtshonalanga Nile. I-Dis Infect Dis. 2007: 44 (12): 1617-24. I-DOI: 10.1086 / 51828.