Khumbula lapho ubufebe bethembisa ukuthi konke ukufutheka? Kubonakala sengathi nje izolo lapho uJonas Brothers, uJessica Simpson, noMiley Cyrus behlonywa yizintambo zokuzihlanza ze-paparazzi.
Isikhathi esanele sesidlulile sokuzibuza ukuthi ingabe intombi esedlule iyathembisa ukusebenza. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, kusukela ekuboneni kwezokwelapha, manje singakwazi ukuhlola ukuhlakanipha kwemfundo eyayixhaswa yi-federal-funding kuphela.
Izifungiso zobunganikazi zichazwe
Ukubhalela le ncwajana eshiwo, I-Pediatrics, umbhali uDkt. Janet Elise Rosenbaum uthi, "Ukuzibophezela ngokobulili noma 'ubuntombi' kuyisithembiso somlomo noma esibhaliwe sokugwema ukwenza ucansi, ngokuvamile kuze kube yilapho umshado, ulandelwa emva kwekharidi yezinhlelo eziningi noma eyodwa emaqenjini ezentsha zenkolo, ezikoleni zomphakathi noma ezesidlangalaleni, noma izenzakalo ezinkulu zeqembu. "
Ukubheka emuva, izibopho zobuntombi kwakuyizinhlelo zamaqembu ezithunywa zevangeli futhi zaqala ukuqala ngo-1993. Ngaso leso sikhathi, amaqembu amaningi amaProthestani namaKatolika athola izibopho ezinjalo futhi azenza zona. Nakuba ezinye izinsizwa zithatha lezi zithembiso, izifungiso zokuzilahla ziqondiswa ikakhulukazi kumantombazane asekhulile futhi ngokuvamile obaba abathintekayo (cabanga nge-Purity Balls). Ngo-1995, kulinganiselwa ukuthi amaphesenti angu-13 aseMelika asebekhulile ayebike ukuthi bathatha izibopho zobuntombi.
Iningi ngokuphathelene nokuzibophezela kwentombi kuhlanganiswa nemfundo yokuzidela kuphela.
Ngamanye amazwi, abahleli bezinhlelo zokuzigwema kuphela bafundisa ukuthi indlela kuphela yokugwema ukukhulelwa noma izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (ngaphambi kokushada) ukugwema ucansi ngaphambi komshado. Njengoba iningi lethu likwazi, ukukhulelwa okungadingeki kanye nezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi kungagwenywa kokubili ngokusebenzisa ikhondomu.
Ucwaningo mayelana nezibopho zobunganikazi
Ukucwaninga mayelana nokufungiswa kwentombi nokuziyeka-imfundo kuphela ihlukahluka kancane, kepha kubonakala sengathi lokho kungeneli akusebenzi-okungenani hhayi ngendlela abaningi abanethemba ngayo.
Imiphumela evela esitatimendeni esiphakeme samandla kanye nokufunda isikhathi eside (amakhulu wabathintekayo ahlola eminyakeni emihlanu emva kokufaka isenzo sokuzithiba ngaphambi komshado) obhalwe yiRosenbaum futhi enyatheliswa ku- Pediatrics iphakamisa lokhu okulandelayo:
- Bobabili abafaka izicelo kanye nabangewona ababambisene nabo bahlanganyela ngokulinganayo ngokobulili ngaphambi komshado, ubulili obufanayo, kanye nobulili bomlomo
- Abathengisi behluke kakhulu kubantu abangewona ababambisene nabalingani noma abalingani bobulili obudala noma bonke ubudala bokuqala kocansi
- Abafaka amaphepha ambalwa kunabangewona ababambiqhaza basebenzise ukulawulwa kokubeletha namakhondomu
- Nakuba bobabili ababambisene nabo kanye nabangewona ababambe iqhaza babengenalo amathuba okuthuthukisa i-gonorrhea uma kuqhathaniswa nomphakathi wase-US osemusha, bobabili ababambisene nabo kanye nabangewona ababambe iqhaza babengase bakwazi ukuthuthukisa i- chlamydia ne-trichomoniasis njengabantu ngabanye emphakathini jikelele
- Amaphesenti angama-82 abantu abaye bafaka isicelo sebemangalela ukuthi baqale ukubophezela
Okuphawulayo, kulolu cwaningo, izivumelwano nabangewona ababambisene nezivumelwano babhekene ngokulingana ngangokunokwenzeka basebenzise ukulandelana kwezinqubo zokuvimbela ukuzivimbela. Ukwengeza, uRosenbaum ukhombisa ukuthi isizathu sokuthi kungani abafaka izicelo bezisebenzisa ukuvimbela ukuvimbela ukuvimbela ukuvimbela ukuvimbela ukuvimbela ukukhulelwa kanye namakhondomu mhlawumbe kuhlobene nesimo esithathwe yizinhlelo zokuziqeda kuphela ezilahla ukungenelela okunjengokungasebenzi.
Imiphumela evela kwesinye isifundo se-longitudinal noma sesikhathi eside esashicilelwe encwadini ye- Journal of Adolescent Health isikisela ukuthi nakuba izibopho (uma kuqhathaniswa nabangewona amacala) zishintsha ebuhlotsheni bobulili esikhathini esizayo futhi zibe nokuhlushwa okuncane ngokobulili ngokwemibandela elandelanayo, kwakungekho umehluko ekutheleleni kocansi amazinga wokungcola phakathi kwala maqembu amabili.
Le miphumela iphakamisa ukuthi nakuba izinhlelo zokuzibamba kuphela zokuzibamba zingase zinciphise iminyaka yobulili bokuqala kwabanye, kusukela ekuhloleni kwe-epidemiology, le nzuzo ibalwa ngokusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe noma ukwazisa izindlela zokukhulelwa phakathi kwezibophezelo. Ngamanye amazwi, noma ngabe umuntu kufanele athathe isibambiso sobuntombi, ngenkathi ekugcineni elala naye, lokhu kocansi kungenakuvinjelwa.
Ngenhlanhla, siphila ezweni lapho kunelungelo lomuntu ukuthatha isibambiso sobuntombi nokunikela indandatho yokuhlanzeka. Kodwa-ke, eziningi zalezi zinhlelo zokuziqeda zixhasekelwa nguhulumeni wesifundazwe. Eqinisweni, phakathi neminyaka engamashumi amabili edlule, amakhulu amaningi ezigidi zamaRandi asetshenziselwa ukuzithiba kuphela izinhlelo ezenza izinhlelo thina, njengabakhokhi bentela, sikhwama. Ngisho nangesikhathi sokuphatha kuka-Obama, imali iye yathulwa kulezi zizathu ngezizathu ezingacacile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokweminye imithombo, uhulumeni uhluleka ukuqapha ukuthi lezi zinhlelo ziphumelela yini kunokugxila ekubalweni kwezinombolo zokubalwa kwabantu noma ukubandakanyeka.
Ngaphansi
Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zinhlelo ziyingxenye yezimali zethu, lezi zinhlelo kufanele ziphendule izindinganiso zokuvumelana ezizuzisa umphakathi futhi zilalele iseluleko sabaphenyi, odokotela kanye nezikhulu zezempilo zomphakathi e-United States. Ngokuqondile, njengendlela yokulawula ukubeletha nokuvimbela izifo futhi uma isetshenziswe kahle, ikhondomu isebenza. Izifungiso zokuhlanzeka kanye nezinhlelo zokuzigwema kuphela kufanele zenziwe ngendlela ehlonipha ukubaluleka kocansi oluphephile. Njengamanje, izinhlelo zokuzithiba kuphela zivuma ukuzithiba kuzo zonke izindleko futhi ziphika ukusebenza kahle kocansi oluphephile-isimo esingenakuziphendulela kwezokwelapha.
> Imithombo ekhethiwe
> "Ngemuva kwesithembiso: imiphumela ye-STD yobuntombi obuyintombi iqinisekisa ngokuthi" nguHr. Brűckner noP. Bearman abashicilelwe kuyi- Journal of Adolescent Health ngo-2005.
> "Abasha Ababekezelayo? Ukuqhathaniswa Nokuziphatha Ngokweqile Kwezigqila Nezilinganiso Ezingafani Nabanye" yiJ JE Rosenbaum enyatheliswa ku- Pediatrics ngo-2008.