I-FDA ihlola ingozi yezinguquko ezingezona ukudla okunomsoco
Kusukela kuma-sodas ekudleni kuya ku-dessert-free-sugar free-sugar, ama-sugar substitutes cishe yonke indawo namuhla. Uma sekucatshangwa ukuthi yi-panacea ekunciphiseni ingozi yezindaba eziphathelene nokudla (ukukhuluphala, isifo sikashukela, ukubola kwamazinyo), izithandwa zokufakelwa okwenziwayo namuhla zihlolisiswa ngabanye abakhombisa ukuthi angeke baphephe njengoba sicabanga.
Izinhlobo Ze-Sugar Substitute
Igama elithi "esikhundleni somshukela" libhekisela kumakhemikhali amnandi ngokwemvelo ngaphandle kokushukela etafuleni (sucrose) kanye nokunambitheka okwenziwe ngokwenziwa ngamakhemikhali.
Amakhemikhali amnandi kakhulu afaka phakathi izinto ezifana ne-sorbitol ezitholakala ema-apula nasiraphu yesinkwa, i-lactose itholakala ubisi, futhi i-xylitol ithole izithelo nemifino. Zizinto eziphilayo ezinomsoco ezinamazinga ahlukahlukene okuthakazelisayo.
Ama-synthesized synthesized compounds awaveli emvelweni futhi afaka imikhiqizo ethandwayo njenge-Equal (aspartame), i-Splenda (sucralose), ne-Sweet'N Low (saccharin). U-Stevia, umkhiqizo ovame ukucatshangwa ukuthi uqobo, empeleni uthathwe ku- Stevia isitshalo se- rebaudiana .
Kusukela ku-Sugar kuya ezithandweni zokufakelwa
Iningi labantu liyazi izingozi zokudla ushukela oluningi. Isifo samanje sokukhuluphala, isifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo, isifo somfutho wegazi ophakeme, nesifo sezinso ikakhulukazi ngenxa yemali eyiningi ye-sucrose edlalwa yi-American average. Kuyisimo ukuthi izikhulu zezempilo zibheke ngokuthi "isifo se-cardiorenal," lapho izinga eliphezulu lezinhliziyo nezinso zezinso zixhunyaniswa ngqo nokudla esikudlayo, kuhlanganise noshukela.
Ephendula lesi sifo, abashintshi bashukela baye bathengiswa ngokumangalisayo emphakathini njengendlela yokuthi "ube nekhekhe lakho futhi uyidle, futhi." Ngeshwa, lesi sixazululo asilula njengokuzwakalayo, futhi sesiqaphele ukuthi izitshalo zoshukela zithinta imizimba yethu ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi futhi evame ukuphikisana.
Ukuqhathanisa Amnandi Okuzenzela
Ekubukezeni okubanzi okwenziwe ngo-2012, i-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) yase-United States yathi i-sweeteners yokufakelwa "iphephile kubantu abaningi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokusetshenziswa." Lokhu kufaka phakathi izincomo zokungadluli ukunakekelwa kwansuku zonke okwamukelekayo (ADI) okuchazwe yi-ejensi.
Emakhakheni alamukelekile okwamanje, i-FDA iye yaqhuba ibhetri yezifundo ukuze inqume ukuthi yini, uma ikhona, ephathelene nomphakathi kufanele ibe nokusetshenziswa kwayo. Emikhiqizo emithathu ethandwa kakhulu:
- I-Aspartame (Equal) yayingenye yezindawo zokuqala ezikhiqizwa ushukela oluthile futhi, ngaleso sikhathi, uye wakhanga ingxenye enhle yokuphikisana. Nakuba kwakukhona ukukhathazeka kokuqala mayelana nokuxhumeka kwe-aspartame ku-leukemia, i-lymphoma, nomdlavuza womqondo, igama elisemthethweni namuhla kusukela ku-FDA kanye ne-National Cancer Institute ukuthi akukho mhlobo onjalo oye watholakala.
- I-saccharin (Sweet'N Low) ibike ukuthi ibangelwa umdlavuza wesisu endaweni yamagundane webhu; umphumela ofanayo awubonakali kubantu. Lezi zinkathazo zakuqala zaholela eCanada ukuvimbela umkhiqizo ngo-1977. I-US yasondela ukwenza okufanako kodwa esikhundleni sayo yayidinga ukuthi umkhiqizo uthwale ilebula elixwayisayo. Le mfuneko yaphakanyiswa ngo-2001 ngemuva kokucwaningwa kohlelo lweNational Toxicology Program ukuthi i-saccharin yayingenawo amagciwane e-carcinogenic (okwenza umdlavuza).
- I-Sucralose (Splenda) yatholwa ngo-1976 futhi yakhululwa e-US ngo-1998. I-FDA iye yaqhuba izifundo ezingaba ngu-100 futhi ayizuzanga inhlangano eyaziwayo phakathi kwe-sucralose nomdlavuza noma isifo senhliziyo.
Imiphumela emibi yemvelo
Iqiniso lokuthi i-FDA ithathwa njengama-sweeteners okufakelwa okuphephile ekuthunjweni komuntu akufanele iphakamise ukuthi ingasetshenziswa ngokungenacala. Nakuba izithako ezenziwe ngokuzikhandla ziyakwazi ukulinganisa inzwa yoshukela, ukuphendula ngokomzimba ekusetshenzisweni kwabo kungase kuhluke kakhulu.
Ngokuvamile, impendulo yomzimba ku-sucrose ukunciphisa ukudla nokudala umuzwa wokugcwala, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukungenisa kwe-caloric.
Impendulo efanayo ayibonakali ukuthi ingenzeki nge-sweeteners yokufakelwa, ehlukumeza isimangalo ukuthi "imikhiqizo yokudla". Lesi simo sibhekwa ngokuthi "isinxephezelo sekhalori" lapho abantu bazovame ukuqhubeka bedla naphezu kokuba bengalambi.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izithako zokugcoba ezitholakalayo zingase zenze i-insulin spike, okuthiwa abantu abanesifo sikashukela bangase bangaqapheli lapho bedla "amakhekhe" anesifo sikashukela. Ngokubambisana, le miphumela ingabuyisa noma yiziphi izinzuzo ezithembiselwe abantu abakhuluphele, abanesifo sikashukela, noma ababhekene nesifo esingenasifo sezinso.
Ngo-2012, i-American Heart Association kanye ne-American Diabetes Association yakhipha isitatimende lapho bobabili banikezela izidakamizwa ezigciniwe, beqinisekisa "ukusetshenziswa kwabo okufanele" njengengxenye yesasu lokudla. Lesi sitatimende siphinde sagcizelela isinxephezelo sekhalori engozini futhi saxwayisa abathengi ngokumelene nokusebenzisa ama-sweeteners njenge "magic bullet" ukulwa nokukhuluphala nesifo sikashukela .
> Imithombo
> Gardner, C .; U-Wylie-Rosett, J .; I-Gidding, i-S.; et al. "Abanambitheki Abanomsoco: Ukusetshenziswa Kwamanje Kanye Nemibono Yempilo: Isitatimende Sosayensi Esivela ku-American Heart Association kanye ne-American Diabetes Association." Ukujikeleza. 2012; 126: 509-519.
> Ukuphathwa Kwezokudla Nezidakamizwa zase-US. Ulwazi olungeziwe mayelana nabanambitheli abaphezulu abavunyelwe ukusetshenziswa ku-Food e-United States. " I-Silver Spring, e-Maryland; ibuyekeziwe ngoMeyi 26, 2015.