Ukuxazulula impikiswano yamuva mayelana nezilinganiso ze-BMI
Ingabe ikhulu kakhulu ngokweqile - ukuba ne-BMI ephakeme ngokulinganisela - ehlotshaniswa nokwanda kwezempilo, noma akunjalo? Ngenkathi ukukhuluphala kahle kuphakamisa ngokucacile ingozi yezokwelapha, kanti ngenkathi umphakathi kanye nabachwepheshe bezokwelapha bekagcizelela kakhulu ukugcina isisindo somzimba "esivamile", ingozi eyingozi evezwa ngokuba nje ngokweqile (ngokuphambene nokukhululeka) ayicacisi kangako.
Yini Okushiwo Izifundo?
Imvelo engaguquguquki yalo mbuzo iphakanyiswe kancane ekubukeni eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule lapho isihloko esivela kuLancet siphakamisa ukuthi iziguli zenhliziyo "ezincane" ngokweqile, ngokwezibalo zazo ze-BMI (body mass index), empeleni zineengozi elincane kakhulu kuneziguli ezazingesisindo "esivamile".
Ngisho nabalobi baleli phepha babonakala benamahloni amancane ngalezi zithole. Futhi ukuphazamisa le nkinga, izihloko ezimbili ezinkulu ezivela ngesikhathi esifanayo eNew England Journal of Medicine zisekela umbono ovame kakhulu-ukuthi ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, nganoma iyiphi imali, kwandisa ingozi yokufa.
Ukuzama ukuvimbela ukudideka komphakathi mayelana nalolu daba, ngokusho kwe- Wall Street Journal amaCentral for Disease Control ayala abacwaningi ukuba bangabhali emphakathini ngezifundo ezintsha, futhi "umkhulumeli we-ejensi wayengenaso ukuphawula." (Ungafunda isihloko se- Wall Street Journal lapha, kodwa sidinga ukubhalisa.)
I-BMI score ihloselwe ukuba yindlela esheshayo yokunquma ukuthi umuntu unamafutha omzimba kakhulu. Izibalo ze-BMI ezineminyaka engu-20 kuya ku-24.9 zibhekwa njengezivamile, izibalo ezinama-25 kuya ku-29.9 zikhulu ngokweqile, izibalo ezingu-30 kuya ku-34.9 zikhulu kakhulu, kanti amaningi angaphezu kuka-35 ayedlula kakhulu. Izikole ezineminyaka engaphansi kuka-20 zibhekwa njengesisindo esiphansi. Ungakwazi kalula ukubala isikolo sakho usebenzisa le calculator.
Cishe zonke izifundo ezisebenzisa izikolo ze-BMI ziyavumelana ngamaphuzu ambalwa. Okokuqala, abantu abakhuluphele ngokweqile noma abakhuluphele kakhulu banengozi enkulu kakhulu yesifo senhliziyo nokufa. Okwesibili, abantu abanesisindo esiphansi futhi banomngcipheko wokufa . (Lokhu kucatshangwa ukuthi kungenxa yezinqubo ezincane zezifo - ezifana nesifo senhliziyo, isifo samaphaphu , umdlavuza noma ukutheleleka - okuvame ukuveza ukulahleka kwesisindo njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka.)
Uma kukhona ukungqubuzana kubeka abantu abathintekayo ngokweqile, kodwa hhayi okweqile, okungukuthi, izibalo zazo ze-BMI zingaphezu kuka-25. Ucwaningo oluningi lubonise ukwanda kwengozi yezokwelapha ngisho nangalesi simo esincane sokukhuluphala ngokweqile. Kodwa izifundo ezimbalwa zibonisa ingozi encane kulabo bantu.
Kuye kwaphakanyiswa izincazelo eziningana zale ndlela ebonakalayo, kodwa lowo ophethe umthamo omkhulu umqondo wokuthi isilinganiso se-BMI uqobo - esicabanga nje ngesisindo nokuphakama kwesinye isikhathi - ngokuvamile sinikeza isilinganiso samanga sokuthi "ukukhuluphala ngokweqile" uma umuntu ekhona umane uhle kahle futhi unesisindo esihle semisipha. Okokuthi, kubantu abanempilo abane-BMIs abaneminyaka engu-25 noma engu-26, isisindo "esingeqile" kungenzeka empeleni singabi amanoni.
Imicabango yokuvala
Ukuba namafutha amaningi - ikakhulukazi, amafutha amaningi endaweni esesiswini - ubeka ukucindezeleka okuphawulekayo kokumangalisa esimweni senhliziyo futhi kwandisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo .
Inkomba ye-BMI inembile kakhulu kubantu abanesisindo esiphansi kakhulu noma ngokweqile kakhulu (isb., Kunzima kakhulu ukugqoka imisipha eyanele ukuze uthole i-BMI yakho engaphezu kuka-30 ngaphandle kokusebenzisa kabi i-steroids), kodwa i-BMI ayinembile kangako yokubona abantu abathandayo "ngokweqile." Kukhona, ngempela, abanye abantu abanezibalo ze-BMI kuleso simo esingu-25 kuya ku-29 ngoba nje basesimweni esihle. Kodwa, ngiyahambisa, labo bantu bazi ukuthi bangobani.
Ngakho-ke, uma unamaphuzu we-BMI "esigabeni esiphezulu," futhi ucabangela ukugubha ngoba ukhetha ukukholelwa ku-athikili ye- Lancet futhi ungayinaki yonke enye ubufakazi obuphambene nalokho, ake nje uphendule lo mbuzo owodwa ngaphambi kokuthi uvule uvulekile leyo Bud Bud elandelayo: Ingabe ubukhulu bakho bukhulu kunaphansi kobukhulu bakho be-hip?
Uma "yebo," khona-ke mhlawumbe ungomunye walabo bantu abasesimweni esihle kakhulu, futhi "isisindo esingeqile" esiholela emkhatsini wakho we-BMI u-muscle, futhi awunamafutha (lapho kungenjalo ungakulungele ukugubha ngokudla okungenalutho amakholori). Kodwa uma impendulo ingu "cha," futhi unamafutha asesabekayo angaphakathi, awukho lutho lokugubha ngalo.
Ngoba, ngenkathi amaphuzu we-BMI ngezinye izikhathi ewusizo futhi elula ukulinganisa, isilinganiso sesisindo-kuya-hip cishe siyinhloko ebaluleke kakhulu yengozi yenhliziyo .
Imithombo
I-Romero-Corral A, i-Montori VM, i-Somers VK, et al. I-association of bodyweight ngokufa okuphelele kanye nemicimbi ye-cardiovascular disease isifo se-coronary: Ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile kwezifundo eziphakathi. Lancet 2006; 368: 666-678.
I-Adams KF, iSchatzkin A, i-Harris TB, et al. Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ukukhuluphala, nokufa kweqembu elikhulu labantu abazoba khona eminyakeni engama-50 kuya kwangu-71 ubudala. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 763-778.
Lee SH, Sull JW, Park J et al. Inkomba yomzimba kanye nokufa kwamadoda nabesifazane baseKorea. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 779-787.