Yikuphi Okuhle Kokuhlola Ingozi Yenhliziyo?
Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukugqithisa ngokweqile noma okugqithisayo kuyisici esibalulekile sengozini ye- coronary artery disease (CAD) , ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo , nokushaywa yisifo . Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi bahluke ngokuthi iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu yokuqaphela ukuthi umuntu "uyaphindaphinda" ngokweqile - okungukuthi, kunzima ngokwanele ukuba isisindo sabo sithinte ingozi yabo yenhliziyo . Izinyathelo ezintathu ezivame ukusetshenziselwa yi-BMI (index mass body), ububanzi besikhumba, nesisindo esikhwameni.
Kodwa ingcono yini enye kunezinye?
I-BMI
Isilinganiso esivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ingozi ehlobene nesisindo i-BMI, isilinganiso sesisindo sakho esigcawini sokuphakama kwakho. I-BMI yama-25 - 29,9 ibhekwa njengokweqile, kusukela ku-30 kuya ku-34.9 ikhuluphele, kanti 35 noma ngaphezu kwalokho kunzima kakhulu. I-calculator ye-BMI kulula ukuyisebenzisa (konke okudingayo ukuphakama nesisindo sakho) futhi kuyatholakala kalula ku-intanethi. (Nansi enye kusuka ku-NIH.)
I-BMI iyasiza ngoba lokhu kulinganiswa sekusetshenziselwe izifundo eziningi zemitholampilo, ngakho-ke ukuhlaziywa okuningi kwenziwa nge-BMI. Eqinisweni, izincazelo ezihlelekile zokuthi "ukukhuluphala ngokweqile," "okugqamile" nokuthi "zikhulu kakhulu" zodwa zisekelwe kulezi zifundo ze-BMI.
Noma kunjalo, i-BMI ayilona ilungile njalo. I-overestimates amafutha omzimba kubantu abanezinqwaba zemisipha futhi ihlose ukungayitholi abantu asebekhulile (abavame ukulahlekelwa isisindo somzimba).
Ukuncintisana Kwemisa
Umqondo wokusebenzisa isikhumba semisipha njengendlela yokubeka ingozi engozini ivela ekutheni ukukhuluphala kwesisu (ukuqoqwa kwezicubu ezinamafutha esiswini) ngokuvamile kubhekwa sengathi "kubi" kunokuqoqa amafutha kwenye indawo (njengezintambo noma amathanga).
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukukhuluphala kwesisu kuyahambisana nenengozi eyengeziwe ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo, kodwa futhi nesifo se-metabolic , umfutho wegazi ophezulu , nesifo sikashukela .
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi isisindo sobubanzi samasentimitha angu-40 noma ngaphezulu (amasentimitha angu-102) emadodeni, futhi ngamasentimitha angu-35 noma ngaphezulu (88 cm) kwabesifazane, ihlotshaniswa nenengozi ephakeme yengqondo.
Ukulinganiswa kobuqili kuya ku-Hip
Isilinganiso sekhanda-kuya-hip enye indlela yokuhlola ukukhuluphala kwesisu, kanti izifundo ziqinisekisile ukuthi le nqubo ihambisana kakhulu nenengozi yengqondo. Ukuze ubale isilinganiso sakho sobunqunu-kuya-hip, ulinganisise kokubili izinkinobho zakho ezinqeni nasezintweni, bese uhlukanisa isilinganiso sezinyawo ngesilinganiso se-hip. Kwabesifazane, isilinganiso kufanele sibe ngu-0.8 noma ngaphansi, futhi kumadoda, kufanele sibe ngu-1.0 noma ngaphansi. (Lokhu kusho ukuthi kubantu besifazane isisindo kufanele sibe sincane kunezinyosi, futhi emadodeni, isisindo kufanele sibe sincane noma sinye njengezinqulu.)
Isilinganiso sezinyawo-kuya-hip siwusizo ngoba kubantu abancinci ukusibekela isisodwa kuphela kunganciphisa ingozi. Ngokuqhathanisa ubude bezintambo ukuze kutholakale umjikelezo, ungathola isibonakaliso esingcono sokukhuluphala kwesisu.
Yikuphi Ukulinganisa Okungcono Ngengozi Yokubikezela?
Ayikho impendulo eqondile kulo mbuzo.
I-BMI ngokuqinisekile isilinganiso "sokujwayelekile" sokukhuluphala, ngoba yisilinganiso esinconywe yi-NIH, i-American Heart Association, i-American College of Cardiology, ne-The Obesity Society. Lezi zincomo, futhi, zisekelwe emzimbeni omkhulu wezocwaningo oye wasebenzisa i-BMI ukubikezela imiphumela yomzimba.
Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi, kuyilapho i-BMI inhle kakhulu ekubikezeleni ingozi enkulu kubantu abaningi, kungase kungabi yisilinganiso esilungile somuntu onikeziwe.
Futhi, akucabangi ngokuqondile izinga lokukhuluphala komzimba umuntu angase abe nayo.
Ucwaningo oluthile lubonise ukuthi ibhande elithile lomzimba lingase libe nenembile kakhulu kune-BMI ekubikezelweni kwesifo senhliziyo. Ngokuyinhloko, kuyilapho i-BMI ihlela ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, kuyingozi kakhulu lapho kunezinye izinto eziyingozi (ezifana nesifo sikashukela, ukubhema, i-cholesterol, ukudla, umsebenzi, nomfutho wegazi ophezulu) kucatshangelwa. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ezinye izifundo zibonise isilinganiso esiphakeme sobunqunu-kuya-hip ukuba sibe isisindo esiqinile sesifo senhliziyo, ngisho nangemva kokuba izibalo zilungiselelwe lezi ezinye izici eziyingozi.
Okubalulekile
Ukweqisa ngokweqile kuyimbangela ebalulekile engozini yesifo senhliziyo nesimo somzimba ezifana nesifo sikashukela. Umbuzo wokuthi kungcono kanjani ukukala ukuthi ngabe sinciphisa "okuningi kangakanani", kodwa ezimweni eziningi, akunzima kakhulu ukuba sibone.
Odokotela abaningi manje bancike ekuhlanganiseni kwezinyathelo zokweluleka iziguli ngesingozi esithinta isisindo. Uma i-BMI yakho ineminyaka engama-35 noma ngaphezulu, lokho kungcono kakhulu okudingayo ukwazi. Futhi uma i-BMI yakho ingama-30 kuya ku-35, ngaphandle uma ungumakhi womzimba noma uhlobo oluthile lomdlali we-muscular, cishe ukhuluphele kakhulu. Kodwa uma usezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu, ukwazi ukuthi isisindo sakho sesisindo noma isisindo sakho sinomsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ukukhuluphala kwesisu kusuke kungalungile ngisho noma isisindo sakho esiphezulu asiphezulu kakhulu.
Okunye okuzuzisayo kwesilinganiso sekhanda-kuya-hip ukuthi ungakwazi ukuzihlola ngokwakho, ngaphandle kokulinganisa ngokulinganayo noma yini, ekusithekeni kwekhaya lakho. Vele uthathe phansi kuma-Skivvies wakho bese uzibuka esibukweni, kokubili ukuqala nokuphrofayli. Uma ubunqunu bakho kunoma yibuphi ubukhulu bukhulu kunezinyathelo zakho, usuqothukile, futhi ukukhuphuka ngokweqile kwakho kunomthelela engozini yakho yonke yenhliziyo . Ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho, isisindo sakho kukhona okuzodinga ukubhekana nayo.
Imithombo:
U-KM Flegal, uCarroll MD, Kit BK, et al. Ukuvama kokukhuluphala nokuthambekela kokusabalalisa kwenani lomzimba phakathi kwabantu abadala base-US, ngo-1999-2010. I-JAMA 2012; 307: 491.
Jensen MD, Ryan DH, Apovian CM, et al. Umhlahlandlela we-AHA / ACC / TOS ka-2013 wokuphatha ukwedlula ngokweqile nokukhuluphala kubantu abadala: umbiko we-American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association Task Force on Guidelines Practice kanye ne-Obesity Society. Ukujikeleza 2014; 129: S102.
Coutinho T, Goel K, Correa de Sá D, et al. Ukuhlanganisa inkomba yomzimba womzimba nezinyathelo zokukhuluphala okuphakathi kokuhlolwa kokufa ezifundweni ezinezifo zenhliziyo. Indima "yesisindo esivamile sokukhuluphala." J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 61: 553-560.