Uma ukhathazekile ngokuthola umdlavuza wesikhumba, kufanele ushiye ukubhema manje ukuwuvimbela . Abantu abaningi bayazi ukuthi imisebe ye-ultraviolet evela elangeni ingaholela emdlalweni wesikhumba. Okungaziwa kakhulu ukuthi ukubhema kungathatha ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa i- squamous cell carcinoma .
Ukubhema: Iqiniso Elibi
Ngokusho kwamaCentral for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), abantu abadala abangu-44.5 base-US babengabhemi bamanje ngonyaka ka-2006-24 wamadoda namaphesenti angu-18 abesifazane.
Ukubhema kubulala abantu abangama-438,000 baseMelika nabangaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu emhlabeni wonke ngonyaka.
Ukubhema kuyimbangela enkulu yamangqamuzana emaphaphu, i-larynx (ibhokisi lezwi), isikhala somlomo, i-pharynx (umphimbo), isisu (ukugwinya ithubhu exhunywe esiswini), nesinye isisu. Igalelo ekuthuthukiseni umdlavuza we-pancreas, i-cervix, izinso, isisu, kanye namanye ama-leukemi. Yimbangela enkulu yesifo senhliziyo, i-aneurysms, i-bronchitis, i-emphysema, nesifo sohlangothi. Uma lokho kwakunganele (futhi kukhona neminye imiphumela eminingi yempilo engabhalisiwe), ukubhema kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nezimo zesikhumba eziningi:
- squamous cell carcinoma
- ukuphulukiswa okulimazayo
- izinkinga ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kabusha
- ukuguga isikhumba ngaphambi kwesikhathi
- i-acne
- psoriasis
- ukulahlekelwa izinwele
Uma ungakapheli ukuyeka ukubhema, cabanga ngalokhu: I-CDC ilinganisela ukuthi abantu ababhemayo abesilisa abadala abalahlekelwa isilinganiso seminyaka eyi-13.2 yokuphila, kanti abashayeli abesilisa abalahlekelwa yiminyaka eyi-14.5 yokuphila ngenxa yokubhema.
Amathuluzi nezeluleko zitholakalayo ukukusiza ukuyeka.
Ubufakazi besixhumanisi
Mhlawumbe ubufakazi obungcono kakhulu bokuhlangana phakathi kokubhema nomdlavuza wesikhumba buvela ekutadisweni kukaSofie De Hertog kanye nosebenza nabo eLeiden University Medical Center eNetherlands. Abacwaningi baxoxisana nabantu abangu-580 abanomdlavuza wesikhumba kanye no-386 abangazange bawenze.
Bathole ukuthi kulabo ababhemayo njengamanje, ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-squamous cell carcinoma ingama-3.3 izikhathi eziphakeme kunalabo abangabhemi. Akukho ukuxhumana phakathi kokubhema ne-basal cell carcinoma noma i-melanoma.
Ababhemayo besikhathi eside bangakwazi ukunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuthola umdlavuza wesikhumba, kodwa kuphela engcupheni engaphezu kuka-1.9. Ubuhlobo obuhle babuye bubekwe phakathi kwenani legwayi elibhemayo kanye nenengozi ephezulu: kubangabani abathwala kakhulu (ugwayi obangaphezu kuka-20 ngosuku), ubungozi buba ngaphezu kuka-4.1, kuyilapho abantu ababhema badla ugwayi ongaphansi kuka-10 ngosuku, ingozi kwehla kuya ku-2.4. Ngokuthakazelisayo, akukho buhlobo obutholakala phakathi kokubhema ugwayi kanye nesifo somdlavuza wesikhumba, kodwa ukubhema kwamapayipi kwakunobungozi obufanayo nabokubhema ugwayi.
Isixhumanisi Sisebenza Kanjani?
Ngokuqondile ukuthi ukubhema kukagwayi kuholela kanjani emdlashini wesikhumba kuhlale kungacacile. Kungenzeka ukuthi enye yamakhemikhali angu-3 000 omoya ogwayi ugwayi angasebenza njenge-carcinogen yesikhumba (i-agent edala umdlavuza), noma ngokuxhumana ngokuqondile nomusi (okungase ukulimaze i-DNA kumaseli esikhumba) noma ngokugonywa ngamaphaphu igazi. Ubufakazi bale nqubo yukuthi ukubhema ugwayi esikhunjeni esikhungweni se-squamous cell carcinoma ekuhlolweni kwesilwane. Ukubhema kungadala futhi umdlavuza wesikhumba ngokuvimbela isistimu yomzimba kusukela iziguli ezinamasosha omzimba ocindezelwe ngenxa yokuguqula izidakamizwa noma ezinye izimbangela zitholakala kalula kwi-squamous cell carcinoma.
Ucwaningo oluphathelene nokubhema nomdlavuza wesikhumba kuyaqhubeka. Kodwa njengoba uMichael Thun, MD, we-American Cancer Society ethi: "Kuye kwaba nezizathu ezibucayi zezempilo zokugwema ukubhema isikhathi eside. Lesi esinye isizathu esiningi sokuba abantu bayeke ukubhema noma bangaqali."
Imithombo:
Ukubhema Kwabantu Abadala E-United States: Izilinganiso Zamanje. Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo.
De Hertog SA, Wensveen CA, Bastiaens MT, Kielich CJ, Berkhout MJ, Westendorp RG, Vermeer BJ, Bouwes Bavinck JN; Isifundo se-Leiden Skin Cancer. Ubuhlobo phakathi kokubhema nomdlavuza wesikhumba. J Clin Oncol . 2001; 19 (1): 231-8.
I-Freiman A, i-Bird G, i-Metelitsa AI, i-Barankin B, i-Lauzon GJ. Imiphumela emincane yokubhema. I-J Cutan Med Surg ; 2004 8 (6): 415-23.
UMorita A. Ukubhema kogwayi kubangela ukuguga isikhumba ngaphambi kwesikhathi. J Dermatol Sci 2007; 48 (3): 169-75.
Ukubhema Kuxhunywe Nengculaza Yesikhumba. I-American Cancer Society. May 2001.