I-squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) uhlobo lwesibili olujwayelekile kakhulu lomdlavuza wesikhumba. Kwenzeka kaningi emadodeni kunabesifazane besilinganiso se-2: 1. Isimo se- squamous cell carcinoma phakathi kwamaCaucasians e-US ngu .1-.15% ngonyaka. Lesi sigameko sanda ngokukhula kanti izigameko eziphakeme zalomdlavuza wesikhumba uneminyaka engama-66. Isigameko senyuka futhi sinezindlela zokunciphisa ezinciphile ezifana ne-Ningizimu ne-Australia eseningizimu.
Iyini i-Squamous Cell Carcinoma?
I-squamous cell carcinoma ivela engxenyeni yangaphandle yesikhumba, i- epidermis , ebangela ukushintshashintsha kwamaseli abizwa ngokuthi ama-keratinocytes. Imisebe ye-UVB ibalulekile ekufakweni kwalesi sifo somdlavuza wesikhumba esilimaza i-DNA kanye nesistimu yayo yokulungisa, futhi kubangele ukushintshashintsha kwezakhi zofuzo zokucindezeleka. La maseli aguqulwayo asakazeka kakhulu futhi abangela ukubonakala kwesikhumba ukuguqula. Lapho amangqamuzana aguqulwayo angena emdemeni, ingozi yemetastasis iyanda.
Izingozi Zezingozi Ze-Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Ezinye izinto ezivamile zengozi ye-squamous cell carcinoma zifaka:
- Ukushisa kwelanga okungapheli ikakhulukazi emisebeni ye-UVB kodwa futhi ne-UVA
- Isimo esandulele esibizwa ngokuthi i- actinic keratosis noma i-solar keratosis
- Isivikelo somzimba sokuzivikela
- Isifo se-HIV
- Imisebe ye-ionizing esetshenziselwa i-acne ngawo-1940
- Isikhumba esifanele
- Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala
Ezinye izici eziyingozi ezingavamile ze-squamous cell carcinoma zifaka:
- Ukuvezwa kwe-arsenic
- Ukuvezwa kwama-hydrocarboni anomswakama e-alkali e-tar, i-soot, noma i-shale
- Isikhumba noma isikhumba esikhulelwe ngaphambili, umonakalo ikakhulukazi wemisebe
- Ukutheleleka ngezinhlobo zabantu ze-papillomavirus 6, 11, 16, no-18
- Isifo sofuzo esingavamile esibizwa nge-xeroderma pigmentosa
Ukubonakala kwe-Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Ukuguqulwa kwesikhumba okubangelwa i-squamous cell carcinoma ngokuvamile kubonakala sengathi i-scab. Kungase kube nesilinganiso esikhudlwana, esihambisana nesibalo esibomvu, esivuliwe.
Ngokuvamile isiko sizophulukisa kakhulu phakathi kwamasonto amabili. Kodwa-ke, i-squamous cell carcinoma ayiphuluki futhi ingase iphele ngegazi. Njengoba isakazela esidlangalaleni, lesi sifo somdlavuza singabonakala njengesilonda esinemiphetho enzima, ephakanyisiwe. Izindawo ezivamile kunazo zonke izigameko ze-squamous cell carcinoma zitholakala ezindaweni ezivezwe yelanga ezifana nesandla sangasese, isikhumba sekhanda, umlomo, nengxenye engenhla yendlebe.
Izithombe ze-Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Izithombe ezilandelayo zikhombisa izilonda ezihlukahlukene ze-squamous cell carcinoma:
- Ukuvalwa kwe-squamous cell carcinoma esandleni
- Squamous cell carcinoma ezandleni zombili
- I-squamous cell carcinoma ebusweni
Ukuxilongwa kwe-Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Indlela kuphela yokuthola i-squamous cell carcinoma i-biopsy izilonda ezibukekayo ezisolisayo. Uhlobo olukhethwayo lwe-biopsy lubizwa ngokuthi i-biopsy ye-shave lapho i-lesion ihlungwa nge-razor flexible. Kuye ngesilinganiso se-lesion, enye inhlobo ye-biopsy ukukhipha lesi sifo. Ukwaziswa okuwusizo njengokuthi isisu esiphelele sisusiwe futhi ukujula kwamanzi kungatholakala kuphela nge-biopsy.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Izinketho zokwelashwa zalesi sifo somdlavuza wesikhumba kuxhomeke emininingwaneni ekhishwe ku-biopsy.
Ukukhethwa komzimba nokuhlanzwa - Le nqubo ihilela ukubhubhisa umdlavuza wesikhumba ngedivayisi ye-electrocautery bese uvula indawo nge-curet.
Izikhathi eziningi izicubu ezigulayo zingahlukaniswa nezicubu ezijwayelekile ngokuthungwa okuzwakalayo ngenkathi kukhishwa. Le nqubo iphindwe izikhathi eziningana ukuqinisekisa ukukhishwa okuphelele komdlavuza wesikhumba. Le nqubo iyasiza ezithombeni ezincane 1 cm noma ngaphansi ububanzi emqaleni, trunk, izingalo noma imilenze. Nokho, kuvame ukushiya isibazi.
Ukuziqhenya okulula - Le nqubo ihilela ukuxilongwa kokuhlinzwa komdlavuza wesikhumba kubandakanya umkhawulo wesikhumba evamile. Ngama-tumor angu-2 cm noma ngaphansi, i-margin ye-4 mm yanele; ngokuba izicubu> 2 cm, ibanga elingcono li-6 mm. Inzuzo yalokhu ukwelashwa ukuthi iyashesha futhi engabizi.
Kodwa-ke, umehluko phakathi kwezicubu ezijwayelekile kanye nomdlavuza kufanele zihlulelwe nge-eye iso.
Ukuhlinzekwa kwe-micrographic ka-Mohs - Le nqubo kumele yenziwe ngumhlinzeki ohlinzayo waseMah. Kuhilela ukungahleleki komdlavuza wesikhumba nokuhlolwa okusheshayo kwezicubu ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuthola izinhlangothi. Uma noma yisiphi isifo somdlavuza wesikhumba esele sishiywe, singabhalwa futhi sijabule ngokushesha. Inqubo yokuziqhenya kanye nokuhlolwa kwamapheshana kungase kudingeke iphindwe izikhathi eziningana. Inzuzo yale nqubo iwukuthi ngokuvamile iyacaca futhi ibike ukuthi inezinga eliphansi lokuphindaphinda kunezinye izinketho zokwelashwa. Ukungabi nesikhathi yisikhathi kanye nezindleko ezihilelekile.
Ukwelashwa kwe-radiation - Le nqubo ihilela inkambo yokwelapha imisebe endaweni yokulimala. Kodwa-ke, ngalesi sikhathi, abukho ubufakazi obanele bokuthi imisebe emva kokuhlinzwa ithuthukisa izinga lokuphindaphindiwe kwe-squamous cell carcinoma. Kungabuye ibe nomphumela wesikhathi eside wokuqothula, ukuguliswa kwesilonda, nokwehlisa isikhumba.
I-Chemotherapy - Uhlobo lwe- chemotherapy olusetshenziswe ngu-13-cis-Retinoic acid kanye ne-interferon-2A. I-Chemotherapy isetshenziselwa izigaba eziphambili ze-squamous cell carcinoma.
I-Cryotherapy - Le nqubo ihilela ukubhubhisa izicubu ngokuyiqeda nge-nitrogen enamandla. Lokhu kungase kuphumelele kumancanyana, echazwe kahle kakhulu esikhumba samangqamuzana esikhumba. Ibuye isetshenziswe ngokuphumelelayo ekwelapheni kwe-actinic keratosis, isimo esibucayi. Le nqubo ayithengi futhi iyasebenza isikhathi kodwa ingasetshenziswa kuphela ezinombolweni ezincane zamacala.
Ukuvimbela I-Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Gwema imisebe ye-UVB kusukela ekushiseni kwelanga - Gwema ilanga ilanga, sebenzisa izingubo zokuzivikela , futhi usebenzise i-sunscreen nge-SPF okungenani 15. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezinganeni.
Gwema imikhiqizo kagwayi - Lokhu kuhlanganisa ugwayi, ugwayi, ugwayi nokuhlambalaza. Njengoba le mikhiqizo ikhulisa ingozi ye-squamous cell carcinoma emlonyeni nasemlonyeni, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kufanele kuncishiswe noma kuqedwe ngokuphelele.
Gwema i-polycyclic hydrocarbons - Imisebenzi edinga ukuxhumana nalezi zinhlanganisela ilawulwa kakhulu. Sebenzisa gear yokuvikela ngezikhathi zonke ngenkathi usebenza nalezi zinhlanganisela.
Yenza izilonda ezisolisayo zikhishiwe - Uma unemibuzo, yifinyelele. Ukwelapha izilonda ezibuyiselwayo kungavimbela ukuguqulwa kwabo kube ngumdlavuza wesikhumba ongase ube nomzimba.