Ubuhlobo Besikhathi Sokulala, Ukuvuka, AmaHormoni, ne-Metabolism
Imilolo ye-Circadian ingaba yinkinga enzima kunazo zonke ukuqonda emhlabeni wezokwelapha. Kukhona ulimi oluningi lokudideka futhi lithembele kwisayensi engafiki kalula. Ngenhlanhla, ukuqonda okuyisisekelo kwesayensi yezilinganiso ze-circadian kungatholakala futhi kungasiza ekuchazeni ezinye izimo zokulala , ukulala kwansuku zonke nezinye izinkinga zokulala.
Ukujikeleza komhlaba
Ihora lama-23 lomhlaba no-56 ngomzuzu wokuzungeza nsuku zonke inikeza izilinganiso ezibikezelayo zokukhanya, izinga lokushisa, ukudla, kanye nezidakamizwa. Ngokuziphendukela kwezinto eziguquguqukayo, umzimba wethu we-metabolism-ngisho nezindlela zethu zokuziphatha zihlelwe ukuphendula ngalesi sikhathi esiqondile.
Ngo-1959, uFranz Halberg wahlanganisa igama elithi circadian, elisuka kwisiLatini elisho ukuthi "cishe usuku." Lichaza imijikelezo eminingi yamahora angu-24 eyakhiwe cishe kuzo zonke izilwane emhlabeni.
Iwashi langaphakathi
Emzimbeni wethu, kunesimiso esendaweni esika isikhathi futhi sivumelanisa izinqubo eziningi zangaphakathi nezenzakalo zansuku zonke emvelweni. Ezinye zalezi zinqubo ezibalulekile zihlanganisa:
- Ukulala nokuvuka
- I-Metabolism
- Ukushisa komzimba wangempela
- Amazinga e-Cortisol
- Amazinga e-Melatonin
- Amanye ama-hormone (i-hormone yokukhula, i-hormone ye-thyroid, njll)
Ukulawulwa kwala maphethini kuncike ekwenzeni izakhi zethu zofuzo. Umshini uvumelanisa izilinganiso ezizoqhubeka ngokuzimela ngaphandle kwamathonya angaphandle.
Isakhi se-mammalian sokuqala, i- Clock , sabonakala ngo-1994. Izakhi zofuzo ezengeziwe zitholwe ukuthi zakha iwashi eliyinhloko lamangqamuzana elidala ezinye izicucu, izicubu, kanye nomzimba.
Wonke amangqamuzana emzimbeni wethu alandela iphethini ye-circadian, i-symphony engavamile yokuphendula kwezinto eziphilayo eziphelelwe yisikhathi ngokusekelwe ezinsizeni ezitholakalayo futhi ihlelwe iqembu elincane lamaseli engxenyeni yangaphakathi yengqondo ye- hypothalamus .
Ngokusebenzisa ama-hormone namanye amathonya angakaqediwe, i-pacemaker ephakathi ixhumanisa amawashi e-périphher ekhona amangqamuzana njengama-cardiac, isibindi nama-adipose tissues.
Ukukhanya kubonakala ngamehlo futhi kuhamba nge-retina kuya emasongweni optic. Ngaphezulu kwe-optic chiasm, lapho i-optic nerveus ihamba khona ngemva kwamehlo, ihlala nucleus suprachiasmatic (SCN). Lona iwashi lomzimba lomzimba. Iqhathanisa izinqubo eziningi zemvelo ezichazwe ngesikhathi sokukhanya nobumnyama emvelweni.
Lezi zikhombisi zizoqhubeka ngaphandle kwezikhathi zangaphandle zangaphandle, kodwa zingase ziguquke kancane ukusuka ebude bezinsuku ze-geological. Ngenxa yalokho, ngokuzihlukanisa nokusetha kabusha izinkomba, isikhathi salezi zinqubo kungenzeka kancane kancane sibe yizinhlelo ezingasebenzi. Izinga lokushintshwa lingaxhomeke kuhlelo lwethu lofuzo, noma i-tau, nabantu abaningi abanewashi langaphakathi eligijima isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angu-24.
Kuyaqondakala ukuthi izakhi zethu zofuzo kanye nokusebenzisana nezinye izici zemvelo-ikakhulukazi ukuchayeka kwelanga- kungaba nemiphumela ebalulekile ekusetheleni iwashi langaphakathi. Lezi zithonya zangaphandle zibizwa ngokuthi i- zeitgebers , ezivela eJalimane ngokuthi "abazinika isikhathi".
Ngaphandle kokuvumelanisa
Uma iwashi yangaphakathi lihlehliswa emvelweni wethu noma imithwalo yemfanelo yomphakathi, ukuphazamiseka kwe-circadian ezifana nokuphuza nokuphuthuma kwesigaba sezinkinga zokulala kungenzeka.
Ngokunqamula okuphelele okuvela ekuboneni okukhanyayo, njengoba kubonakala ebubungwini obuphelele, ingqikithi engeyona engu-24 iyenzeka.
Lezi zimo ngokuvamile zihlotshaniswa nokuqwashisa nokulala ngokweqile kwansuku zonke kanye nokungahlehlisi kwesigamu sokulala esenza ukukhubazeka komphakathi nokusebenza. Ngenhlanhla, ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ze-circadian kungasebenza kahle futhi udokotela obuthongo obuqinisekisiwe bhodi anganikeza isiqondiso esiwusizo nezinsiza.
> Imithombo:
> Lewy, AJ et al . "Isigaba sishintsha iwashi le-human circadian usebenzisa i-melatonin." I- Behav Brain Res . 1996; 73: 131-134.
> Peters, i-BR. "Izikhathi Zokulala Nezingcingo ezingavamile." Ukuhlolwa kwezikhalazo zokulala. Umtholampilo wokulala . 9 (2014) 481-489.
> Ama-Piggins, i-HD. "Iwashi lomuntu ngamawashi." U- Ann Med . 2002; 34 (5) 394-400.
> Reid, KJ noZee, i-PC. "Izimpikiswano ze-Circadian zokujikeleza kokulala," ezimisweni kanye nezenzo zokulala . Ihlelwe ngu-Kryger MH, i-Roth T, iDement WC. St. Louis, Missouri, u-Elsevier Saunders, ngo-2011, iphe. 470-482.
> Sack, RL noLeyy, AJ. "Izimpikiswano zokulala ze-circadian: izifundo ezivela ezimpumputhe. 2001; 5 (3): 189-206.