Akunakwenzeka njalo ukuvimbela umdlavuza wesikhumba , kodwa kunezinto eziningi ezilula ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho, njengokuphepha elangeni, ukuqaphela ngamakhemikhali emsebenzini, ukuhlola amanzi akho kahle, nokudla ukudla okunempilo. Ukugqoka i-sunscreen kuyisici esisodwa kuphela ekunciphiseni ingozi yakho, kanti izifo zomdlavuza wesikhumba empeleni ziye zanda kusukela lapho isikrini selanga sithola khona.
I-ounce yokuvimbela impela iyigugu elingamakhilogremu empilo ngokuphathelene nomdlavuza wesikhumba, kodwa lezi zomshukela azigcini njalo. Umdlavuza wesikhumba kwenzeka ezindaweni lapho umzimba ungakaze ubone khona ilanga, kanti abanye abantu banezinto eziyingozi ezingenakulawulwa. Ukuthola umdlavuza wesikhumba ngokushesha kunokwenzeka kudinga ukuqonda izibonakaliso nezimpawu ezingase zibe khona, ukwazi izici eziyingozi , ukwenza izivivinyo zesikhumba sakho, nokuvakashela udokotela wakho njalo uma unengozi ephakeme.
Ukuvimbela I-Cancer Cancer (Ukunciphisa Ingozi Yakho)
Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, asikwazi njalo ukuvimbela umdlavuza wesikhumba, kodwa kunezinto eziningi-ezinye ziyaziwa futhi ezinye zingase zimangaze-ukuthi kungenziwa ukunciphisa ingozi. Ukunciphisa ingozi yakho:
Hlala Uphephile Elanga
Abantu abaningi bazwa ukuphepha kwelanga futhi bacabange masinyane ngokukhanya kwelanga, kodwa kunezinto eziningi ongayenza ngaphezu kokugqoka isikrini selanga esingenza umehluko. Akukhona nje ukuthi izifo zomdlavuza wesikhumba zanda ngenxa yokuthi isikhanyiso selanga satholakala, kepha ezinye izidermatologists manje zincoma ukuthi zichithe imizuzu engu-10 noma engu-15 elangeni ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-sunscreen ukuthola i-vitamin D.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, asikho ubufakazi obuhle bokuthi i-suncreen inciphisa ingozi ye-melanoma, uhlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba obangela ukufa kwabantu abaningi kule sifo. Ezinye izindlela zokunciphisa ukutholakala kwakho kungabandakanya:
- Ukugwema ilanga lesisemkhatsini (isibonelo, ukukhawulela isikhathi ngaphandle kwe-11 AM nangama-2 PM, nakuba amanye ama-dermatologists akhombisa ukugwema ilanga kusukela ngo-10 ekuseni kuya ku-4 PM).
- Ukumboza izingubo zokuzivikela. Izindwangu eziboshwe kahle zingcono kunezihloko eziboshwe ngokuzikhandla. Izingubo ezimnyama zinikeza ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe kunokukhanya. Futhi izingubo ezomile zisebenza kangcono kunokumanzi. Manje sekutholakala izingubo ezihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kwe-UV.
- Ukugqoka isigqoko esikhulu ukuze uvikele ubuso bakho nesibhakabhaka, kanye nezibuko zokukhanya ukuze uvikele amehlo akho namajwabu amehlo.
- Ukuhlala emthunzini kanye / noma ukusebenzisa isambulela.
- Ukukhumbula ukuthi usengathola ukushisa kwelanga uma kukhanya, futhi ukucabangela kwamanzi, iqhwa, noma ugu lolwandle kungandisa ingozi yokushisa.
- Ukushushela indawo yokuqothula ngokuphelele.
Khetha i-Sunscreen ephumelelayo
Akuwona wonke ama-sunscreen emakethe afanayo, futhi imikhiqizo etholakalayo inikeza ukuvikelwa okuguquguqukayo. Eminyakeni yamuva sifundile ukuthi kokubili imisebe ye-UVB ne-UVVA evela elangeni ingabangela umonakalo wesikhumba ongabangela umdlavuza wesikhumba. Kusukela ngo-2011, ama-sunscreen athi "yi-spectrum ebanzi" kumele anikele ukuvikelwa kwe-UVA, kodwa izinga lokuvikelwa nobude lapho kutholakala khona ukungafani kungahlukahluka kakhulu. Thatha isikhathi sokufunda mayelana nezithako ezinikeza ukuvikelwa kwe-UVA futhi ufunde amalebula uma ukhetha umkhiqizo. Umhlahlandlela we-Sunscreen Group we-Environmental Working Group inikeza usizo olwengeziwe lokukhetha umkhiqizo, ubheke ezinye izindaba ezifana nobungozi bokuphendula okweqile nokunye okuningi.
Yidla ukudla okunempilo (amakhemikhali e-Phyto)
Kuye kwaba nezifundo eziningi eminyakeni yamuva nje ebheka ikhono "lamakhemikhali amakhemikhali," izinhlanganisela eziphilayo ezisebenza ngezithelo nemifino, ukunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesikhumba, futhi eziningi zazo zithembisayo. Ngamanye amazwi, kubonakala sengathi-ngandlela-thile noma kunjalo-singakwazi "ukudla" isikrini sethu selanga. Nakuba isayensi isencane, izakhi eziningi eziye zafundwa ziyingxenye yokudla okunempilo konke okungahle kunciphise ingozi yezimo eziningi zezokwelapha, hhayi nje umdlavuza wesikhumba.
Ngokusho kokubuyekezwa kuka-2018 ku- International Journal of Molecular Sciences , lezi zinhlobo ze-phytochemicals zibonakala zinezinzuzo empini ngokumelene kokubili okungenayo i-melanoma nomdlavuza wesikhumba we-melanoma ngenxa yezenzo zabo ze-antiticancer, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ziyatholakala kakhulu, zibekezelela kahle ( cabanga: ukudla isidlo esihle), futhi kuyabiza.
Ezinye izinto ezisetshenziselwa izitshalo ezibonise isithembiso ekunciphiseni ingozi ye-melanoma zihlanganisa:
- I-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (etholakala itiye elihlaza).
- I-Resveratrol (itholakala ku-utamatisi ikakhulukazi utamatisi omuncu).
- I-Curcumin (ingxenye ye- turmeric etholakala kwi-curry izitsha nesinaphi).
- I-Capsaicin (itholakale epelepele obomvu nepelepele).
- Genistein (etholakala ku-chickpeas (i-garbanzo ubhontshisi) nemikhiqizo eminingi ye-soy).
- I-Indole-3-carbinol (etholakala emifinini ye-cruciferous efana ne-broccoli, i-cauliflower neklabishi).
- I-Fisetin (etholakala ema-persimmons, ama-strawberries, ama-kiwi, ama-mango, nokuningi).
- Ama-proanthocyanidins (atholakala kumajikijolo amaningi, ama-chokecherries, ama-pistachios, ne-baking chocolate).
- Silymarin (etholakala kuma-artichokes).
- I-Luteolin (etholakala ezinuneni ezifana ne-oregano, i-sage, i-thyme, ne-celery imbewu).
- I-Apigenin (etholakala e-parsley, anyanisi, itiye le-chamomile, nohlaza kakolweni).
Umsebenzi ngokuphepha ngamakhemikhali
Kunezinhlobo zamakhemikhali nezinye izinto ezingakwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesikhumba, njenge-tar, amalafri, ne-arsenic.
Isinyathelo sokuqala kufanele uqaphele noma yimaphi amakhemikhali osebenza nawo ekhaya noma emsebenzini. Funda amalebula bese ulandela izinyathelo zokuphepha. Abaqashi kuyadingeka ukuthi banikeze AmaSpredishithi Okuphepha Emininingwane Yamafayela kunoma yimaphi amakhemikhali ongase uxhumane nawo ngomsebenzi wakho.
Ukugqoka amagilavu kubalulekile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kunconywa yini kule ilebula. Isikhumba sethu akuyona imingcele engaphelele egcina izinto, futhi isikhumba sethu singakwazi ukuthuthukisa umdlavuza noma ukuvumela ukwethulwa kwama- carcinogen emizimbeni yethu. Eqinisweni, izifo zokuqala zomdlavuza ezibhekiswe emvelweni kwakuyizifo zomdlavuza (mhlawumbe i-squamous cell carcinomas esikhunjeni se-scrotum) ezikhungweni zomswakama, ezakhiwe ngenxa yokuchayeka kwesikhumba emisebenzini (eqoqwe futhi ngaphansi kwezingubo kule ndawo ).
Hlola Amanzi Akho
Ngokungafani nezinhlelo zamanzi zikamasipala, amanzi avela emithonjeni yangasese ayifuni ukuhlolwa okugunyazayo, futhi angangcoliswa yi-arsenic. Lokho kusho ukuthi ososayensi baphinde bacabange izinga eliphezulu le-arsenic elibekezelelwe ngaphambili emithonjeni yamanzi yomphakathi ngenxa yokuthola isifundo se-2015; okukhombisa ukuthi i-arsenic emanzini okuphuza ingaxhunyaniswa nomdlavuza wesikhumba ngisho nalapho amazinga ewela ebangeni elamukelekayo.
I-Level yakho ye-Vitamin D ihlolwe
Uma sicabanga ngomdlavuza wesikhumba, ukucabanga kwethu kokuqala kungase kube ukugwema ilanga ngokuphelele. Kodwa lokhu akwanele ngezizathu ezimbili. Umdlavuza wesikhumba ungakwazi futhi uthuthuke ezindaweni ezingaphandle kwelanga ezivulekile zomzimba ngezinye izikhathi. Futhi okwesibili, ukugwema ilanga ngokuphelele kungaholela ekutheni i-vitamin D isweleke. (Ngeshwa, ama-sunscreen akuvimbeli kuphela imisebe evuthayo kepha uvimbela ukwakheka kwevithamini D kanye.) Ukuntuleka kweVithamini D, kuhlangene nakho akuhlanganiswa nje ngengozini yokwanda komdlavuza wesikhumba, kodwa nezinye ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza. Ngamanye amazwi, ungaphonsa ingane ngaphandle kwamanzi okugeza.
Kungaba nzima ukuthola vithamini D ngokwanele ekudleni kwethu, futhi ngokomlando, ukuchayeka kwelanga okulinganiselwe bekuyiyona ndlela eyinhloko yokuthola le vithamini ebalulekile (i-vitamin D ikhiqizwa esikhumbeni ngokuzivelela ekukhanyeni kwelanga futhi isebenza njenge-hormone emzimbeni kune-vitamin). Ngenhlanhla, ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula kungakutshela ukuthi izinga lakho livamile noma cha (iningi labaseMelika lingenalo), futhi udokotela wakho angakhuluma nawe ngezindlela zokuphakamisa izinga lakho uma liphansi kakhulu. Njengombhalo owengeziwe, qiniseka ukucela inombolo ehlotshaniswa nezinga lakho le-vitamin D uma ulihlolile. Uhlobo oluvamekile lwe-vitamin D eMayo Clinic eMinnesota luyi-30 kuya ku-80, kodwa abanye abacwaningi banomuzwa wokuthi iningi lama-50 noma ngaphezulu lingcono ngezinjongo zokuvimbela umdlavuza. Njengombhalo wokugcina, kufanelekile ukuthatha isikhathi sokuhlolwa. Uma uthola i-vitamin D engaphezulu, enye yemiphumela emibi iyigugu elibuhlungu lezinso.
Funa Ukwelashwa Kwezilonda Zesikhumba Esiqhamukayo
Kunezimo ezithile zesikhumba ezibhekwa njengezicabangela, njenge- actinic keratoses . Ukufuna ukwelashwa kwalokhu kunganciphisa ithuba lakho lokuthi bazoqhubeka nomdlavuza. I-actinic keratoses ingaphathwa ngezindlela eziningana, kusuka ku-cryosurgery (ukugcoba), ukuze kukhishwe (ukuyihlwitha), kuma-creams kadokotela.
Yeka ukubhema
Ukubhema kungandisa kakhulu ingozi ye-squamous cell carcinomas. Ngokungafani nobungozi be-khansa ehlobene nokubhema, noma kunjalo, ingozi yomuntu yomshuwalense wesikhumba iwa ngokushesha ngemva kokuyeka, futhi ingabuyela kokomuntu ongakaze atshise.
Imithi yokuvimbela (Chemoprevention)
Kubantu abanengozi enkulu yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza wesikhumba, imithi ingacatshangwa. I-Accutane (isotretinoin) ne-Soriatane (acitretin) zitholiwe ukunciphisa inani le-basal cell carcinomas kubantu abane-basal cell nevus syndrome kanye ne-xeroderma pigmentosum. I-Erivedge (i-vismodegib) nayo ibonakala iyasebenza. I-Accutane nayo inganciphisa izigameko ze-squamous cell carcinomas kubantu abane-xeroderma pigmentosum.
Ukutholwa Kwangaphambili (Ukuthola I-Cancer Cancer Early)
Ukuchazwa kwesifo somdlavuza wesikhumba, ngokuvamile, kungcono kunamanye amanyevuza. Ingxenye yalesi sizathu ukuthi lezi zomshukela zingabonwa ngokubukeka, ngakho-ke ziyabonakala esikhathini esingaphambili, futhi isigaba esingaphulukiswa kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, ukuze ubone lezi zomshukela zakuqala, kubalulekile ukuhlola isikhumba sakho njalo.
Ukubaluleka kokuhlola okuziqhenya isikhumba
Sonke kudingeka sithinte indima ekunakekelweni kwezempilo ngokuhlolisisa isikhumba sethu ngezikhwama zesikhumba ezingenzeka. Nakuba odokotela bangase babe neleso eliqeqeshwe, akubona wonke umuntu obona i-dermatologist njalo, futhi akekho okhuthazwa njengoba kufanele unakekele impilo yakho. Njengoba abantu bazo zonke izinhlanga, imibala yesikhumba, neminyaka bangathola umdlavuza wesikhumba, kuwumqondo omuhle wokuthi wonke umuntu ahlole isikhumba sakhe njalo.
Izinkombandlela zokwenza ukuhlolwa kwekhanda ngokwazo zihluka ngenhlangano. I-American Cancer Society, i-Skin Care Foundation, ne-American Academy of Dermatology batusa isikhumba sokuzihlola njalo ngenyanga. I-US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), noma kunjalo, ayicomeli ukuhlolwa kwe-melanoma.
Ukwenza i-Self Self Skin Check
Ukuhlola isikhumba sakho kulula, esheshayo, futhi ngesinqumo esiphansi se-tech. Konke okudingayo yisibuko esibude obugcwele, isibuko esiphethwe ngesandla, isikhamo, nokukhanya okukhanyayo. Njengoba ubuka ingxenye ngayinye yomzimba wakho, funda iphethini, indawo, nobukhulu bezinkinga esikhumbeni sakho, ukuze ukwazi ukubona ngokushesha ukuthi yiziphi izinguquko ezenzekayo. Umgomo uvele ukwazi isikhumba sakho ukuze ukwazi ukubona noma yini esolisayo ngisho nangaphambi kokudokotela wakho. Khumbula ukuthi ukukhula okungumdlavuza kungase kuvele kuphi, ngisho nasezindaweni ezingavamile ukukhanya elangeni, nokuthi ezinye izifo zomdlavuza wesikhumba azibangelwa ilanga nhlobo.
Nanka izinyathelo okufanele uzilandele:
- Ngemuva kokugeza noma ukugeza, hlola ikhanda nobuso bakho, usebenzisa kokubili izibuko zezindawo ezilukhuni. Sebenzisa ikhamera ukuhlola isikhumba sakho ngaphansi kwezinwele zakho. Ungakhohlwa izindlebe zakho, ngaphansi kwengane yakho, nentamo yakho.
- Hlola iziqongo nezitshalo zezandla zakho, kuhlanganise phakathi kweminwe yakho nezinzwane. Hlola izinhlamvu zakho kanye nezinsipho. (Izindawo ezivamile kakhulu ze-melanomas kubantu abanobumnyama bangaphansi kweminwe kanye nezintambo, ezintendeni zezandla noma ezinyaweni ezinyaweni, noma emagqumeni omuncu emlonyeni, ekhaleni nasezinhlobonhlobo zomzimba.)
- Hlola izibopho zakho, izingalo ezingaphezulu, izibhamu, isifuba nesisu. Abesifazane bayodinga ukuhlola isikhumba ngaphansi kwamabele abo.
- Hlala phansi uphinde uhlole amathanga akho, amakhanda, iziqongo, nezinyawo ezinyaweni zakho, izinzwane, phakathi kwezinzwane zakho, nezinsizakalo.
- Ngesibuko esiphethwe ngesandla, hlola amathole akho kanye neminyango yamathanga akho, uhlehla emuva, izintambo nezendawo zangasese, emuva nangemuva kwentamo yakho. (Imilenze yabesifazane abamhlophe kanye nengenhla yangemuva emadodeni amhlophe yizindawo ezithandwa kakhulu nge-melanoma, ngakho-ke kufanele uqonde.)
Udokotela ovakashela njalo
Asinayo imihlahlandlela ehlangene mayelana nokuthi bangaki abantu okufanele babone udokotela wabo oyinhloko noma udokotela wezidakamizwa, ngaphandle kokunye okuhlukile. I-American Academy of Dermatology incoma ukuba uhlolwe njalo ngudokotela kubantu abadala kuneminyaka engama-50, kulabo abane-dysplastic nevus syndrome, noma kulabo ababenama-melanoma amaningi. Okufanelekile, umuntu ngamunye kufanele akhulume nodokotela wabo mayelana nezincomo ngokusekelwe ezinkingeni ezithile eziphathelene nezingozi. Labo abasengozini enkulu bangacela udokotela wabo oyinhloko ukuba ahlole ukuhlolwa okuphelele (TCE) ngesikhathi samakhemikhali waminyaka yonke. I-ophthalmologists, izazi zezinzwa, ngisho namazinyo angamazinyo angabuye ahlole isikhumba sakho ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwazo.
Kulabo abanezici eziyingozi, ukuvakashelwa njalo nge-dermatologist kubonakala sengathi kuhlakaniphile. Ukubuyekezwa kuka-2016 kutholakale ukuthi ukuzwela (ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi bathola umdlavuza) kanye nokucacile (ikhono lokukwazi kahle ukuthi ubani ongenayo umdlavuza) ekutholeni i-melanoma kwakungcono kakhulu kunama-dermatologists kunokwelashwa okuyinhloko.
I-Option Free Screening
Uma ungakwazi ukuhlola isikhumba sakho ngokwanele noma ukubona udokotela, unenhlanhla: izivivinyo zamahhala ziyatholakala kuwo wonke umhlaba. I-American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) inikeza imininingwane yezinhlelo zokuhlola zamahhala ezitholakalayo.
Ukuze uthole ukuhlolwa kokudla komdlavuza wesikhumba "SPOTme" wamahhala, chofoza esimweni sakho kanye nohlu lwemitholampilo ezinikezela le nsizakalo yamahhala. Ukuhlolwa kuthatha imizuzu engaba ngu-10 futhi akubandakanyi umsebenzi wegazi noma ezinye izinqubo eziyingozi. Kusukela ngo-1985, i-AAD iye yaqhuba cishe ukuhlolwa kwezigidi ezingu-2 futhi ithola izilonda ezingaphezu kuka-180,000 ezisolisayo, ngakho usezandleni ezinhle.
Uma kungekho uhlelo lwe-AAD lwakini, i-Skin Cancer Foundation ixhasisa i-RV ehamba ngezinyawo ezihamba ngamamitha angu-38 ezigcina ngezikhathi ezithile ezithandweni zokugcina izitolo zeRite Aid nakwezinye izindawo emadolobheni angu-50 kuwo wonke amazwe. Vele ubonise futhi i-dermatologist yebhodi yendawo eqinisekisiwe izokwenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwe-body screening ngokuphelele.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Academy of Dermatology. Thola i-Skin Cancer.
> Iqembu Lokusebenza Lokumvelo. Umhlahlandlela wesikrini.
> Karagas, M., Gossai, A., Pierce, B., no H. Ahsan. Ukuphuza Amanzi E-Arsenic Ukugcoba, Izilonda Zezikhumba, Nezigqila: Ukubuyekezwa Okuhlelekile Kobufakazi Bomhlaba Wonke. Imibiko Yamanje Yempilo Yemvelo
> Ng, C., Yen, H., Hsiao, H., no S. Su. Amakhemikhali e-Phyto e-Skin Prevention and Treatment: Isibuyekezo Esibuyekeziwe. I-International Journal of Sciences Molecular . 2018. 19 (4) .pii: E941.
> Wernli, K., uHenrikson, N., Morrison, C. et al. Ukuhlolwa kweKhansela Yesikhumba Kubantu Abadala: Umbiko Wokufakazela Ubufakazi Nokubuyekezwa Okuhlelekile kwe-US Preventive Services Task Force. I-JAMA . 2016. 316 (4): 436-47.