Imithi emisha, i-memantine, okwamanje esetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo se-Alzheimer, ingase ibonise nesithembiso ekwelapheni kwesifo sohlangothi. Uma kuboniswa ukuthi kunomthelela omuhle ekutheni utholakale ngesifo sohlangothi, kungaba yimithi yokuqala yokuphatha ngokuqondile isifo.
Izindlela zokwelashwa ezitholakalayo okwamanje ezisetshenziselwa ukushaya isifo akusizi ngokuqondile ukuphathwa kwesifo ngokwazo.
Ukuphathwa kwezokwelapha ezikhona ngenxa yokushaya isifo kugxile ezintweni eziningana:
- Ukulondoloza ukuzinza kwezokwelapha ngokusebenzisa izinyathelo ezifana nokuphathwa oketshezi kanye ne-electrolyte ukuze kulungiswe ukutholakala kwesifo.
- Ukunciphisa amathuba okuba nesinye isifo ngokuvimbela ukubunjwa kwegazi, ngokuvamile ngokusebenzisa imithi yegazi emincane.
- Ukuqaphela nokulawula izifo ezinobungozi ezinjenge-hypertension, isifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela kanye ne-cholesterol ephezulu.
Yini Memantine?
I-Memantine imithi emisha manje esetshenziselwa ukuphatha izimpawu zezinhlobo ezithile ze-dementia. Eyaziwa ngegama lokuhweba elithi Namenda, liye laboniswa ukuthi liphumelela ngokulinganisela ekuvimbeleni ukuqhubekela phambili kwezimpawu zenye izinhlobo ze-dementia. Kuye kwavunyelwa yi-United States Yokudla Nezidakamizwa Ezokuphatha ukuphathwa kokwelashwa okunamandla kuya kwesifo esibi kakhulu se-Alzheimer's, okuyisinye sezizathu ezivame kakhulu futhi ezibonakalayo zokugula komqondo.
I-Memantine isebenza kanjani?
Indlela yokwenza i-memantine ikholelwa ukuthi ilele ekuvimbelweni kwekhemikhali okuthiwa i-glutamate.
I-glutamate iboniswe ukuthi ibangele ukuwohloka kwe-neurons (amangqamuzana obuchopho) ngokusebenzisa inqubo yamakhemikhali okuthiwa umonakalo wokuvuvukala kwe-neuro. Lolu hlobo lokulimala kwamangqamuzana ekhanda lobuchopho oluthile lungenye yezindlela ezidlala indima ekulimazeni komqondo okwenzeka njengomphumela wesifo.
Ukushaywa yisisu yizenzakalo eziphazamiseka ukuphazamiseka kwegazi ekuphethweni kwengqondo.
Umphumela wokuphazamiseka kwegazi (ischemia) ebuchosheni kuthiwa yi-infarction. Infarction kusho ukuthi izicubu zobuchopho zinomonakalo onobuthi futhi zingase zingasebenzi, okuholela ekukhubazekeni ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo ngemva kokushaywa yisifo. Ngakho, ukuvinjelwa kwe-glutamate kungavimbela umonakalo we-neurotoxic, kunciphise umonakalo obangelwa isifo.
Imithi engase ikwazi ukunciphisa indawo yokulimala komzimba ngokuqinisekile iyoba yimpumelelo ekulawuleni izifo. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nokuphumelela okungenzeka kufanele kuhlolwe ngokugcwele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kusebenza yini.
Kuze kube manje, izifundo zibonisa ukuthi ukukhumbula kunganciphisa indawo yezincubu zobuchopho ezingenayo futhi kuthuthukise umsebenzi wezinzwa emagundeni aphethwe yisifo sohlangothi, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi ingasebenza ngendlela efanayo kubantu.
Yeka ukuthi i-Memantine isetshenziswa kanjani ukuphatha isifo sohlangothi
Kube nezifundo ezimbalwa ezihlola imiphumela ye-memantine kubantu. Isibonelo, ukuhlolwa kophenyo okulawulwa kwesobo, okwenziwe ngokuphindaphindiwe okuphindwe kabili, okuyi-doublebo blind, eSpain kuhlolisise abasindile abangu-28 abanesifo sokushaya isifo (aphasiwe ikhono lokukhuluma) ngemva kokushaywa yisifo . Abahlanganyeli abathola ukwelashwa nge-memantine babonisa ukuthuthuka okukhulu ekukhulumeni njengoba behlulwa emivinjweni yabo kunelabo abangatholanga imithi.
Ikusasa Lokumemeza Nge-Stroke
Kuhlale kunzima ukubikezela ukuthi yimiphi imithi ezokwakhiwa futhi ivunyelwe ukwelashwa kwezifo zezokwelapha. Ngokuvamile, imishanguzo emisha efakazelwa ukuthi iyasebenza futhi itholakale ukuthi ingabi nemiphumela emibi kakhulu ibe nemiphumela ephakeme yokwamukelwa nokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile. Kuze kube manje, i-memantine ibonakala ithembisa, ikakhulukazi ngoba kukhona kakade idatha etholakalayo mayelana nokuphepha ekwelapheni kwesifo se-Alzheimer.
Njengamanje, izindlela eziningi ezahlukene zokulondoloza izicubu zobuchopho ezingenayo ziphenywa, njenge-stem cell transplantation, ukuvuselela kagesi , ne-hypothermia, kodwa akekho oye waqhubeka esebenzisa kabanzi.
I-memantine inenzuzo ngaphezu kwezinye zalezi zindlela ngoba isivele ikhiqizwa njengemithi, noma ngabe imithi yesinye isimo ngaphandle kwesifo.
Izwi elivela
Ukushaywa yisisu kungenye yezifo ezibucayi kakhulu zezokwelapha, futhi okwamanje kunamaphesenti ambalwa kakhulu okwelapha ukushaywa. Ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu emva kokushaya isifo kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi ubuchopho buphulukisa ngokwabo futhi ngoba izinhlelo ezifana nokuphathwa ngokomzimba nokuvuselelwa kwandisa nokuphulukisa nokuthuthukisa ikhono lokucabanga lomzimba lomuntu ophikisayo.
Uma wena noma othandekayo ube nesifo sohlangothi, udokotela wakho angakunikeza ukwelashwa okubuyekeziwe kakhulu, noma ukuhanjiswa kwezokwelapha ezibuyekeziwe kakhulu ezitholakalayo.
> Imithombo:
> I-memantine igxilisa amandla omshini we-cell apoptosis ngokucindezela umzila we-calpain-caspase-3 esimweni sokuhlola se-ischemic stroke, u-Chen B, u-Wang G, u-Li W, u-Liu W, i-Lin R, i-Tao J, i-Jiang M, i-Chen L, i-Wang Y, i-exp I-Cell Res. 2017 Feb 15; 351 (2): 163-172. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.yexcr.2016.12.028. Epub 2017 Jan 6.
> Ukuhlelwa kabusha kobuchopho ngokubambisana ne-memantine kanye nokucindezeleka-kwaholela ekwelashweni kwe-aphasia e-post-stroke e-postsia engapheliyo: Ucwaningo lwe-ERP, i-Barbancho MA, i-Berthier ML, i-Navas-Sánchez P, i-Dávila G, i-Green-Heredia C, i-García-Alberca JM, i- Ruiz-Cruces R, uLópez-González MV, Dawid-Milner MS, uPulvermüller F, uLara JP, uBrain Lang. 2015 Jun-Jul; 145-146: 1-10. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.bandl.2015.04.003. Epub 2015 Apr 29.