Ama-shingles, owaziwa nangokuthi i-herpes zoster (HZ), ukuhlaselwa okubuhlungu nokungaqondakali okubangelwa ukuvuselelwa kwe-varicella zoster virus (i-VZV) enesibopho sezinkukhu. Ngaphandle kwezingxube kanye nokungahambi kahle ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezisemqoka zezibungu, abantu abaningi bayaqhubeka bebuhlungu obuqhubekayo ngemva kokuphulukisa-isimo esibizwa nge- neuralgia ye- posterpetic (PHN). Ama-shingles angaphathwa ngemithi ye-antiviral kanye namasu okusiza, kepha okubaluleke nakakhulu ekulawuleni ama-shingles ukuvimbela: Abantu abathola umgomo wokukhusela inkukhu bayakugwema ukukhwabanisa ngoba bavikelekile ekutheleleni i-varicella endaweni yokuqala. Kulabo abaye baba ne-inkukhu, kukhona imithi emibili.
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IzimpawuIzimpawu ze-shingles zivame ukuvela ezinyathelweni ezimbili ezihlukile. Phakathi kokuqala kwalokhu, isiteji se-prodromal, umuntu uvame ukuzwa izimpawu zesifo esiphelele, njengesifo somkhuhlane, ikhanda, nokukhathala. Ngokushesha ubuhlungu buzokhula. Abantu baye bachaza ubuhlungu be-shingles njengokushisa, ukushaya, ukushaya, ukudubula nokuningi. Ubuhlungu ngokuvamile buyobekelwa kuphela ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba.
Esigabeni sesibili shingles, isikhumba lapho ubuhlungu bokuqala buzwa khona buyobe bubomvu futhi buzwele ekuthinteni, kufana nokushisa kwelanga. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, amabhuleki agcwele amanzi, noma ama-vesicles, azokhula endaweni. Ekugcineni, lezi zizogqilaza, kodwa kuze kube yilapho zenza umuntu ezithathelwanayo-okusho ukuthi umuntu ongenawo umkhuhlane wezinkukhu (ngokwemvelo ngenxa yokuthi ayenayo noma ngenxa yokuthi ugonywe) angathola inkukhu yokuhlangana ne ukushisa kwe-shingles okusebenzayo.
Izinkinga ezivela kuma-shingles zihlanganisa i-PHN, engadlulela amasonto noma ngisho neminyaka emva kokuqubuka kwesisu, nezifo ezincane ezifana ne-impetigo (isifo socansi lwesibindi) kanye ne-meningitis. Uma ama-shingles blisters ekhula ebusweni angabangela ukulimala okungapheli emehlweni noma ukuzwa.
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UkuxilongwaNakuba ubuhlungu obandulela ukuqhuma kwe-shingles kungahle kwenzeke iphutha ngenye into, ama-blisters ngokwawo ahluke kakhulu. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngenxa yephethini abayidalayo: Akukhona nje ukuthi ukuqhuma kwe-shingles kuvela eceleni komzimba owodwa, kuvame ukugijima eduze kwesikhumba esincane. Uma umuntu eqala ukuhlaselwa okunjalo futhi enomlando wezokwelapha wezinkukhu, odokotela abaningi bayoluthola ukuhlola izibhamu ngokusekelwe ekuhloleni ngokomzimba kuphela. Uma kukhona ukungabaza, ukukhwa kwezicubu noma isiko lesikhumba kungaqinisekisa i-shingles.
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Izimbangela Nezici ZengoziAma-shingles aqala lapho igciwane le-varicella, elibangela inkukhu, liqala ukusebenza ngemuva kokulala phansi ohlelweni lwezinzwa-ngokuvamile emva kwamashumi eminyaka. Okwenza lokhu kungacaciswanga ngokuphelele, kodwa kucatshangwa ukuthi igciwane liphinde livele lapho isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sisinciphisa-isenzakalo semvelo esineminyaka yobudala. Lesi sizathu esisodwa abantu abasengozini enkulu yokukhwabanisa yibo abangama-50s noma ama-60 abo abaphethe i-inkukhu njengabantwana.
Kodwa kunezinye izizathu zokuzivikela komuntu othile okwehliswayo-ukutheleleka kusuka kumuntu wegciwane lesandulela ngculaza (isibonelo, noma umphumela ohlangothini wemithi efana ne-chemotherapy). Ngisho nezingane zingabonakala. Ngenhlanhla, ama-shingles awavamile kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-10 nalabo abawela lesi sifo bavame ukuba nezibonakaliso ezinamandla kunabantu abadala. Izingane ezisengozini enkulu yokukhwabanisa yilabo ababenenkinga yenkukhu ngaphambi kokuba baneminyaka engama-ubudala noma omama babo babe ne-inkukhu ngesikhathi se-third trimester yokukhulelwa.
Kunobufakazi bokuthi ngezinye izikhathi ukucindezeleka kuthatha indima ekusungulweni kwezibungu. Lokhu kungase kube ukushayisana nokukhathazeka okungadidi noma isenzakalo esisodwa esikhathazayo, njengokulahlekelwa komsebenzi noma othandekayo.
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UkwelaphaOkokuqala futhi okubaluleke kakhulu uma ukwelapha izibungu kubalulekile ukuvimbela igciwane le-varicella ukuba lingeneli: Uma isikhathi eside sivumelekile ukuba siqhubeke sibangela amabhansela, kuphakama ingozi yezinkinga ezizayo. Imithi yama-antiviral-Zovirax (acyclovir), i-Famvir (famciclovir), noma i-Valtrex (i-valacyclovir)-iyasebenza kakhulu uma ithathwa emahoreni angu-72 kokugqashuka okusolakala ukuthi kunezibhamu.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ukugxila ekubhekaneni nama-shingles kuwukukhulula izimpawu. Izindlela eziwusizo zokuthambekela ku-blisters nokukhwabanisa zihlanganisa:
- Ukungena embhedeni oatheni
- Ukugqoke izingubo ezizimele, ikakhulukazi endaweni lapho ukuqhuma kuqhume khona
- Ukusebenzisa ukuzinakekela okunempilo-ukuthola ukuphumula okuningi, ukudla kahle, ukuvivinya kahle (iTay Chi itholakale ukusiza abanye abantu), njalonjalo
Ubuhlungu obukhulu nokunganaki kungaphathwa ngemithi yokusiza imilenze ye-over-the-counter (OTC), kuhlanganise nezidakamizwa ezingezona izifo ezivuvukala (ama-NSAID) njenge-Tylenol (acetaminophen) no-Advil (ibuprofen); ama-antihistamine omlomo kanye nama-topical ukuze alulame ukuwasha; kanye neminye imikhiqizo ye-OTC, njenge-calamine lotion, i-lidocaine ne-capsaicin.
Kungase kube nzuzo ethile kwezinye izindlela zokwelashwa-phakathi kwabo, ukukhwabanisa, ukuguqulwa kwamagesi okugcoba (TENS), i-hypnosis, kanye nezithako zokudla okunomsoco okuthiwa i-proteolytic enzymes.
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UkuvimbelaKumuntu ongakaze abe nenkukhu, isihluthulelo sokuvimbela ama-shingles ukuthola i-varicella vaccine. Njengamanje, le inoculation ephindwe kabili kakhulu ye-inoculation iyingxenye yesikhathi esivamile sokugoma ingane, kodwa futhi inganikezwa izingane ezingaphezulu kuka-13 nabantu abadala abangakaze babe ne-inkukhu.
Kubantu abaye baba ne-inkukhu futhi ngenxa yalokho bamba igciwane lesifo se-varicella esilahlekile, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokugoma ezitholakalayo. Enye yalezi zinto, i-Zostavax (tktkt) itholakale kusukela ngo-2006, kodwa ishintshwe njengomuthi wokugonywa okhethwe yi-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ngesibhamu okuthiwa nguShingrix. I-Shingrix itholakele ukuthi iphumelela kakhulu kuno-Zostavax.
Ngaphandle kokugoma, ukuhlala ngokuphila okunempilo ngokujwayelekile, ikakhulukazi ukugwema ukucindezeleka ngangokunokwenzeka, kungasiza ekuvimbeleni igciwane le-varicella elilele ukuba lingasebenzi futhi.
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Izwi elivelaAkukho umbuzo we-shingles yisifo esibi kakhulu, okungenani okubuhlungu kakhulu, futhi kuye, lapho kuncike khona ukuqhuma, kungenza uzizwe uziqaphela kuze kube yilapho usuphilisa. Ngokwengeziwe, ama-shingles angaba nezinkinga zesikhathi eside futhi ezihlala njalo. Zonke lezi zinkinga zingavinjelwa, noma kunjalo, ngemigomo elula-yezinkukhu uma ungumuntu osemusha ongenayo isifo njengengane noma nge-shingles uma wenza. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuba uhlole ukuthi iyiphi isu eyenza umqondo wakho wesikhathi sakho nesigaba sokuphila nomlando wakho wezezokwelapha, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukufinyelela kumhlinzeki wakho wezempilo noma ukufaka imibuzo mayelana namaswidi kuluhlu lwakho lwemibuzo ozoyibuza ukuhlola okulandelayo.