Nakuba ama-shingles (i-herpes zoster) ngokuvamile ehlotshaniswa nokuqhuma okukhulu kesikhumba, ngezinye izikhathi kungabakhohlisa. Ngaphambi kokuba noma yiziphi izimpawu ze-blister zivela ungase uzizwe sengathi uhlela phansi ngogubhu. Kodwa-ke, ngokushesha nje, ukuqala kokuqala kwezinyathelo ezimbili zokuthuthukiswa kwesibindi kuzoqala-isikhathi sokuhamba kwesikhathi lapho kukhona khona ubuhlungu obukhulu endaweni ethile, endaweni ekhona yendawo, kanye nezikhukhula, umkhuhlane nezinye izimpawu. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa isigaba esiphuthumayo sezinhlanzi siqala, okuyinto lapho kuvela khona ukuqhuma. Ukuqhuma kwe-shingles kwakhiwa ngamaqoqo amancane amancane, anjenge-pimple-like blisters aqhubekela phambili ngokushesha.
Uma ujwayele izibonakaliso nezimpawu ze-shingles, uzokwazi ukubona ukuthi kwenzekani, uthole ukuxilongwa ngokushesha, futhi ubhekane ngaphandle kokulibala. Uma usheshe uqale ukwelapha ama-shingles, cishe ngeke uthuthukise noma yiziphi izinkinga ezihlobene nazo, njenge-neuralgia ye-postherpetic (i-PHN, isimo sesifo somzimba), ubuhlungu bekhanda kanye nobuhlungu bombuso, noma izifo zesikhumba zesibindi.
I-Prodromal Stage
Ngokuvamile, izibonakaliso zokuqala ukuthi igciwane le-varicella livuselele emzimbeni lifana nalokho ongalindela ekuqaleni kwanoma yikuphi ukutheleleka. Lezi zimpawu ngezinye izikhathi zenzeka ngezikhathi lapho uzizwa ucindezelekile noma uhlehlisiwe, futhi ziyi-systemic-ukuthi zithinta umzimba wonke. Ungase ucabange ukuthi uvele ugcwele ngokweqile noma wehla phansi ngokubanda uma empeleni unezinhlanzi.
Phakathi kwezibonakaliso zesistimu ezingase zivele ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala zesigaba sokuqala shingles kukhona:
- Fever
- Ama-Chills
- Isisu esibuhlungu
- Izinwele
- Ukuzwela ukukhanya
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uzwa sengathi unesifo somkhuhlane ekuqaleni, isibonakaliso sokuqala sokushaya izibungu ngokuvamile sibuhlungu. Ngokuvame kakhulu, ukunganaki kuye kwachazwa njengokushisa, ukugubha, ukugubha, ukukhwabanisa, ukuphazamiseka, ukuphazamiseka, ukuchithwa noma ukudubula. Kungaba okuphikisanayo noma okuphakathi, kodwa kuzobekelwa eceleni kwelinye icala lomzimba. Lezi zimpawu zingakhohlisa, noma kunjalo.
Ngenxa yokuthi ubuhlungu obuvela kuma-shingles buya endaweni yangakini, kungalungile ngezinye izimo kuye ngokuthi ngabe kugxile kuphi. Isibonelo, ukuhlunguphaza noma ukuphika okuqhubekayo ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-back back kungase kubhekiswe ku- sciatica noma inkinga yezinso lapho, empeleni, kuyisibonakaliso sokuqala sokuqhuma komlenze. Ngokufanayo, ukubopha izinhlungu ezungeze izindebe kungase kubonise ukuthi i-sore ebandayo iyaqhubeka, kuyilapho ubuhlungu obugxile iso noma indlebe kungase kubonakale sengathi ukuqala kwe- migraine .
Isiteji esilimazayo
Isikhumba endaweni yobuhlungu obubangelwa yi-shingles buzovame ukuzwelana nokuthinta nokubukeka okubomvu. Njengoba lezi zimpawu ziba zimbi nakakhulu, zingase ziqale ukuzizwa njenge-sunburn.
Ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa ngemuva kokubuhlungu kokuqala kwe-shingles kuvela, amabala amancane afana ne-pimple azovela bese ephindaphindiwe emaqenjini, enza ukuqhuma okuzizwayo ngokuthinta. Ukusuka lapho, ngezinye izikhathi kungakapheli imizuzu noma amahora, izimpungushe zizokhula zibe ngamabhalane agcwele amanzi, noma ama-vesicles , aphinde ahlanganiswe abe amabhalantshi amakhulu. Ngokuvamile, ukubomvu nokuvuvukala kuhambisane nokuqhuma.
Ukuqhuma kwe-shingles kuzokwenzeka esikhathini esiyizinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezingu-5 bese kuthi kancane kancane kuqweqwe. Nakuba lizophulukisa phakathi kwamasonto amabili kuya kwamane, ubuhlungu obuhambisana nalo, ngezinye izikhathi bukhulu kakhulu kangangokuthi nje nje ukudla isikhumba ngezingubo kungasusa lokho okuzizwa njengokushaqeka kwamandla kagesi, kungadlulela amasonto, izinyanga, noma ngisho neminyaka.
Ukushona kwe-shingles kubheka kakhulu njenge-chickenpox ukushisa, okushiya umehluko omkhulu: Izinkukhu ze-chickenpox zihlakazekile kuwo wonke umzimba. Ngama-shingles, ukuqhuma kuhlale kuthatha isikhumba esiphezulu, ngokuvamile ebusweni, entanyeni noma esifubeni, eceleni komunye umzimba womzimba. Indawo ethintekile yesikhumba ibizwa ngokuthi i- dermatome , isifunda esinikezwa yizicabha zezinzwa zomuthi othile womgogodla.
Iziqhumane zingabandakanya ama-dermatomes eseduze, kodwa ayidabuli ama-dermatomes amabili angavamile. Okungahle kube kubantu abasebenza amasosha omzimba abo, njengalabo abanesandulela ngculaza. Bavame ukuba engozini yokuthungathwa kwesibindi (okwenzeka emathunjini amathathu noma ngaphezulu), ama-shingles wamehlo noma izitho zangaphakathi, nokuphindaphinda kwezinhlanzi zingakapheli izinyanga eziyisithupha.
Izinkinga Ezivamile
Ngaphandle kokungahambi kahle okungase kufike nge-shingles, ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene nezinkinga zayo.
I-Neuralgia ye-Postherpecic
Ukuhlukumeza okuvamile kunazo zonke izimo eziphuthumayo zibizwa ngokuthi yi- neuralgia ye-postherpetic (PHN) eqala lapho ama-nerve fibers ewonakele. Kubonakala ubuhlungu obuphikisayo endaweni lapho kuqhuma khona ukushaywa kwesikhumba.
Izimpawu ze-PHN zingaba nzima ngokwanele ukuphazamisa impilo yansuku zonke futhi zifaka:
- Ukuvutha, okubukhali, noma okujulile, ubuhlungu obubuhlungu obuhlala izinyanga ezintathu noma ngaphezulu ngemva kokushaywa kwe-shingles sekuphulukisiwe
- I-Allodynia (ukuzwela ukuthinta ukukhanya): Ngisho nokuzwa kwezingubo esikhumbeni kungaba nzima kakhulu.
- Ukubamba nokushisa
- Ukushisa okubunzima nokudlidliza
Ubudala buyandisa ukunakekelwa ku-PHN. I-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ibika ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angu-13 abantu abangaphezu kuka-60 abanamaphilisi bazoba ne-PHN. Ezinye izinto ezibangelwa ingozi zihlanganisa ukubhekana nokushaywa kwe-shingles okubi kakhulu nokubuhlungu. Ukuba nokushaywa kweso ebusweni noma isibondlo nakho kwandisa ingozi yalesi simo.
Ukwelapha i-PHN kungaba nzima, kodwa kubalulekile, njengoba isimo singabangela ukucindezeleka okuqhubekayo njengokucindezeleka, ukukhathala, ukukhathazeka kokukhathazeka, izinkinga zokulala kanye nokulahleka kokudla . Kodwa-ke, ayikho indlela ejwayelekile yokulingana nayo, kodwa futhi ngokuvamile ithatha imithi eminingana ukuze kukhululwe ubuhlungu nezinye izimpawu. Phakathi kwezidakamizwa esetshenziswa kaningi ukuphatha i-PHN yilezi:
- Ama-patches Lidocaine (athengiswa ngaphansi kwegama elithi Lidoderm)
- I-Capsaicin, isakhi semvelo se-pepper, njengesimo sekhrimu noma i-patch
- Imithi ye-Anticonvulsant njenge-Neurontin (gabapentin) ne-Lyrica (pregabalin)
- Ama-antidepressants, kuhlanganise ne-Aventyl (nortriptyline) ne-Cymbalta (duloxetine)
- Ama-opioids afana ne-Oxycontin (oxycodone) ne-morphine
- I-steroid injection
Izifo Zesikhumba Sebhaktheriya
Ama-blisters abangelwa ama- shingles angashiya izilonda ezivulekile, okwenza isikhumba sibe yingozi kuma-microbes angabangela ukuthi i-CDC ichaza ngokuthi "ukungenakulinganiswa kwama-bacterial of the lesions." Izimbungulu ngokuvamile ezibhekene nezifo ezinjalo yi- Staphylococcus aureus neqembu A beta hemolytic streptococcus .
Esinye isifo sengculaza esikhumba ngezinye izikhathi esihlotshaniswa ne-shingles yi- impetigo , okuyinto evame ukuthinta izingane. Iqala ngezilonda ezinobuthi eziqhekezayo bese zakha ama-crusts ezinemibala. I-Impetigo iyathinteka ngokweqile kodwa ingelashwa ngokuphumelelayo ngama-antibiotics.
I-cellulitis ingenye isifo sofuba esiyaziwa ukuthi siphumela ku-shingles. Ngokungafani ne-impetigo, echaphazela uhlaka lwangaphandle lwesikhumba, i-cellulitis isifo sezingxenye ezijulile ngisho nezicubu ngaphansi kwesikhumba, ngokusho kwe-American Academy of Dermatology. Iqala ngendawo ebomvu, evuvukala, futhi izwa efudumele futhi ithenda ethintweni. Uma ingelashwa, i-cellulitis ingasakazeka ngokushesha futhi ifinyelele ngisho namagciwane e-lymph, ekugcineni eholela ekutheleleni kwegazi. Uma nje kuphathwa ngokushesha ngama-antibiotic omlomo nokunakekelwa kahle kwesikhumba esithintekile, i-cellulitis iphilisa kakhulu futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ingashiyi umonakalo unomphela.
I-Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus (HZO)
Amaphesenti ayishumi kuya kwangu-15 ngaleso sikhathi, ama- shingles asithinta i-ganglion ye-trigeminal-i-nerve-branched nerve eyenza ukuzwa kwezakhiwo ebusweni. Ngokuqondile, i-ganglion ye-trigeminal ihilela iso (igatsha le-ophthalmic); isoka (igatsha lama-maxillary); kanye negatsha le-mandibular (umhlathi). Kulawa, igatsha le-ophthalmic yilona elivame ukhathazwa yi-herpes zoster.
Ngokusho kwe-American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO), amaphesenti angu-25 e-300,000 kuya ku-500 000 amacala okukhwabanzeka okwenzeka minyaka yonke yi-herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO).
I-HZO ingathinta noma yiliphi ingxenye yeso, kusukela emgodini we-optic kuya ku-conjunctiva (i-membrane ehlanganisa phambili kweso futhi igxile ijwabu leso). Ngaphandle kokwelashwa kwama-antiretroviral , cishe isigamu sabantu abanamabhande eduze kwamehlo bazobona ukulimala kweso noma ngisho nokulahlekelwa iso, ngakho kubalulekile ukubona ophthalmologist ngokushesha.
Izinkinga ezingavamile
Okunye okusemandleni, nakuba kungavamile, izinkinga zezempilo ezibangelwa ama-shingles zihlanganisa:
Ngaphandle kwalokho owaziwa ngokuthi i-herpes zoster oticus, lokhu ukuvuvukala kwesibindi sesibindi eduze kwesinye sezindlebe. Izimpawu zihlanganisa ukukhubazeka komzimba, ubuhlungu bezindlebe , nezinsiza ezincane ezigcwele amanzi (okuthiwa ama-vesicles ) ngaphakathi kwenzalo yomlomo. Abantu abane-Ramsay Hunt bavame ukuzwa ugozi noma ukungabi khona kwe-balance.
I-Meningitis
Lokhu ukutheleleka ketshezi e- cerebrospinal ezungeza ubuchopho nomgogodla. Izimpawu zihlanganisa umkhuhlane, ikhanda elibi kakhulu, ukuzwela ukukhanya, kanye nemisipha ye-achy. Ngenxa yokuthi lolu hlobo lwe-meningitis lubangelwa igciwane hhayi i-bacterium, alikwazi ukuphathwa ngama-antibiotic. Kumele kuqaliswe inkambo yayo, nakuba imithi yokwelashwa ingahle ibekwe ukuze ilashwe ikhanda.
Encephalitis
Njenga-meningitis, lokhu kungukutheleleka kwesibili kwegciwane. Ithinta ubuchopho futhi ingabangela izimpawu ezifana nokukhanda ikhanda, ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo, umkhuhlane kanye nokushintsha kobuntu.
Motor Neuropathy
Ngokuvamile igciwane le-varicella lithinta ukuzwa kwesikhumba kuphela, kodwa, ezimweni ezingavamile, lingangena emzimbeni we-muscle, okwenza ubuthakathaka noma i-atrophy. Cishe amaphesenti angama-75 alabo ababhekana ne-neuropathy yezimoto bazophinde bavuselele umsebenzi.
Nini Ukubona Udokotela
Uma usola ukuthi unezinhlanzi, kufanele ubone udokotela ngokushesha. Ungabe usuqala ukwelashwa okufanele okuzosiza ukukhulula izimpawu zakho, ukusheshisa ukutakula, nokunciphisa ingozi yakho yezinkinga. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma:
- Uneminyaka engaphezu kuka-60
- Unesimo esibangele ukuba nesimiso sokuzivikela somzimba esibuthakathaka, njenge-HIV
- Thatha imithi enganciphisa izimpendulo zomzimba wakho (isib. Izidakamizwa zamakhemikhali, ama-steroids, noma ama-immunosuppressants ngemuva kokufakelwa komzimba)
- Uhlanganyela ekhaya nomuntu onomzimba omzimba obuthakathaka
- Ukuqhuma kubusweni bakho: Ama-blisters eduze kweso lakho angabangela ukulimala kwelanga noma ngisho nokulahlekelwa yilokho iso.
Uma ngenkathi ubhekene nezinkinga zokushayela uthola noma yikuphi kwalokhu okulandelayo, vumela udokotela osiphathayo ngokushesha:
- Awutholi impumuzo ebuhlungu ngokuphathwa.
- Ubuhlungu abuveki emva kwamasonto amathathu kuya amane.
- Ukuqhaqhazeka kusakazeka ngaphesheya kwendawo yokuqala.
- Uqala ukuba nezibonakaliso zokutheleleka kwesibili, njengemfiva ephezulu kakhulu, izikhukhula, nezinhlungu ezinzima.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Academy of Dermatology. I-Cellulitis: Sibutsetelo.
> I-American Academy ye-Ophthalmology. I-Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus.
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. Izikhwama (Herpes Zoster): Uhlolojikelele lweMitholampilo. Feb 21, 2018.
> I-Mayo Clinic. I-Neuralgia yangemva kwesikhashana. Sept 16, 2015.