Naphezu kokuba engavamile e-United States, ama-rabies ahlala esesabekayo ngenxa yezimpawu ze-neurological ijubane ezingathuthuka futhi zithuthuke. Ukutheleleka kokuqala kungabonakaliswa kuphela ngumkhuhlane omncane kanye nekhanda. Izimpawu ezikhulayo emva kwesikhathi sokukhushulwa (izinsuku ezingu-20 kuya kwezingu-90) ziyohlala zikhulu kakhulu futhi zihlanganisa ukudideka, ukuphuza ngokweqile, ukugubha, ukukhubazeka, i-delirium, ne-coma.
Uma izimpawu zivela, ukufa, ngokudabukisayo, cishe kungenakugwemeka.
Loluhlobo lwegciwane, owaziwa yi- lyssavirus, ludabula inethiwekhi yamangqamuzana omzimba, okwenza izimpawu eziqhubekayo njengoba kancane kancane zingena ebuchosheni nasesimweni esiyinhloko sezinzwa. Yingakho, ngokungafani nezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo, awukwazi ukulinda izibonakaliso zezifo zizovela. Kumelwe ufune ukwelashwa isikhathi ozayo uma ulunywa noma uhlonywe yisilwane esinaso noma osolwa ukuthi sinesifo se-rabies.
Izimpawu ze-rabies zingabonakala ngezigaba zokutheleleka, okuchazwe ngokubanzi njengenkathi yokugubha, isikhathi sokudlula isikhathi, kanye nesikhathi esiyinkimbinkimbi yegazi.
Isikhathi sokuvuselela
Isikhathi sokukhushulwa yisikhathi phakathi kokuchazwa kwegciwane nokubonakala kokuqala kwezimpawu. Isikhathi singasebenza phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-20 kuya kwezingu-90 ngokwesilinganiso, kodwa singaba mfushane noma eside kuncike ebukhulu bokuvezwa. Isibonelo, izimpawu kumuntu onomunyu omncane kungathatha izinyanga ukuthuthukisa.
Labo abanamahlombe ajulile noma amaningi entanyeni noma ekhanda bangase babone ukuqhubeka komzimba ngaphakathi kwamasonto.
Izimpawu ze-rabies phakathi nenkathi yokugxila zingase zifake:
- Fever
- Izinwele
- Ukuzizwa noma ukuvutha okuvelayo kusayithi lokuchayeka (okubizwa nge- paresthesia )
I-Prodromal Period
Isikhathi se-prodromal sichazwa ngokubonakala kokuqala kwezimpawu.
Yilapho i-virus kuqala ingena ohlelweni lwesigungu sezinzwa futhi iqala ukulimaza.
Isigaba se-prodromal sivame ukugijima kusukela ezinsukwini ezimbili ukuya kwezingu-10 ngokwesilinganiso futhi singabangela izimpawu ezinjengokuthi:
- Ukukhathala
- Umzwelo jikelele wokungahloni (malaise)
- Ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso (i-anorexia)
- Umphimbo okhukhumele , ovuvukala ( pharyngitis )
- I-nausea
- Ukuvota
- Uhudo
- Ukufutheka
- Ukungalali
- Ukukhathazeka nokucindezeleka
Isikhathi esiyinkimbinkimbi se-Neurologic
Inkathi ye-neurologic ebucayi ihlala noma yikuphi ezinsukwini ezimbili ukuya kweyisikhombisa futhi izophela njalo ekufeni. Izinhlobo kanye nezici zezimpawu zingashintsha, kuye ngokuthi kunzima kangakanani noma kubumnene ukuchayeka kokuqala kwaba.
I-rabies enomsindo yilona uhlobo abantu abaningi abanolwazi. Njengoba igama layo liphakamisa, leli fomu lama-rabies libhekene nezibonakaliso ezinobudlova ezingokwenyama nezingokwenhliziyo. Izimpawu zingafika futhi zihambe, futhi zivame ukungena ngaphakathi ngezikhathi zokuzola nokunethezeka. Ukufa kuzovame ukubangelwa ukuboshwa kwe-cardio-breathing.
I-rabies ekhubazekile ihlasela abantu abangamaphesenti angama-30 futhi izobangela ukuba imisipha ibe buthakathaka kancane kancane, isuka kwisayithi lokuchayeka nokukhula kwangaphandle. Ukukhubazeka nokufa kuzogcina kugcine (ngokuvamile ngokuhluleka ukuphefumula). Amacala amaningi okukhubazeka akholelwa ukuthi abangelwa ukulimala okuncane, njengokungaboni, okungaqondakali.
Ama-rabies angama-apipical wuhlobo oluvame ukuhlotshaniswa nama-bat. Kungabandakanya izimpawu ezivela kuleso sifo. Ukuhlukahluka kwezimpawu nokuqina kungenza kube nzima ukubona inkantolo njengezigqila.
Izimpawu ze-rabies ezenzeka ngesikhathi se-neurologic esiyinkimbinkimbi zingabandakanya:
- Ukungaqondakali
- Ukweqa ngokweqile
- I-Hydrophobia (isifo esicindezelayo esichazwa ukoma okungenakunqotshwa, ukungakwazi ukugwinya, nokwesaba uma kunikezwa amanzi okuphuza ukuphuza)
- I-Priapism (ukuphikelela okuqhubekayo nokubuhlungu kwe-penis)
- Ukuzwela okukhulu ukukhanya (photophobia)
- I-paranoia
- Ukudideka nokungahambisani
- Ukuhlukumezeka (kufaka phakathi ukuxosha nokushaya)
- Ama-hallucinations
- Ukuzizwa
- Ukukhubazeka ngokwengxenye
- Delirium
Lezi zimpawu zizoholela maduze ku-coma njengoba ukutheleleka kwe-rabies kubangele ukuvuvukala kobuchopho. Ngaphandle kokunakekelwa okujulile kokusekela, ukufa kuzovame ukwenzeka phakathi kwamahora noma izinsuku.
Nini Ukubona Udokotela
Uma izimpawu zesifo sofuba seziqala ukuvela, ukutheleleka cishe kubulala njalo. Kuze kube sekugcineni, udinga ukukhathalela umzuzu owalunywa yisilwane sasendle-noma ngisho nesifuba.
Qala ngokugeza isilonda kahle ngesipho namanzi afudumele. Nakuba udokotela kufanele abhekwe njengento yokuphuthumayo, lesi simo asibhekwa njengesimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha ngalesi sigaba. Kubalulekile ukubona udokotela, ngokusemini ngosuku olufanayo, nokunikeza ulwazi oluningi ngangokunokwenzeka mayelana nokuhlaselwa. Ngisho noma ngabe usugonywe ngaphambilini ngama-rabies , kufanele uqhubeke nesilonda sakho njengoba umgomo uhlinzeka cishe eminyakeni eyi-10 yokuvikela.
Uma isilwane sithunjiwe (noma isilwane esinqunyiwe sokuhlukaniswa kwesilwane), ukuhlolwa kungenziwa ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi ngabe i-rabies. Kodwa, ngisho noma kunjalo, ukwelashwa ngeke kube ukubambezeleka okulindele imiphumela. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi indlela eqinisekisiwe kuphela yokuqinisekisa ama-rabies ukuqinisa isilwane futhi uthole amasampula amabili amathishu ebuchosheni. Ngokusobala, ngesilwane esifuywayo, lokhu kungase kungabi okukhethwa kukho uma izimpawu zingacacile, zingekho ngqo, noma azikho.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwenzekani, uma kukhona ukusola okungokoqobo kokuvezwa, ukwelashwa kufanele kuqalwe ngaphandle kokulibala.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma uhlonywe yisilwane esolisayo noma uhlangene nezifo zomzimba ezivela esilwaneni esilugulayo noma esifile, kufanele usabone udokotela uma nje ukuthula kwengqondo yakho kuphela. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma uhlala endaweni lapho izilwane zesifo sofuba zikhonjwe khona.
Nakuba ama-rabies angadluliselwa kuphela ngamathe noma ubuchopho / amathishu wezinzwa, noma yikuphi ukuvezwa okukhona, noma kunjalo okuncane, kufanele kuthathwe ngokungathí sina. Uma ngabe kukhona, kungakunikeza amandla okuthola umuthi wokugonywa kwe-rabies nokunciphisa ingozi yakho yesikhathi esizayo.
> Imithombo:
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC). "AmaRabi Abantu." I-Atlanta, Georgia; ibuyekezwe ngo-Agasti 23, 2017.
> CDC. "Amakhosikazi: Kufanele ngifake nini ukunakekelwa kwezempilo?" Kukhishwe u-Ephreli 22, 2011.
> Wenasaf, M .; Qasim, M .; UZia, S. et al. " AmaRabies vilology molecule, ukuxilongwa, ukuvimbela, kanye nokwelashwa." Ukuphulukisa J. 2012; 9: 50. INGABE 10.1186 / 1743-422X-9-50.