Ukuqonda i-HIV Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (i-PEP)
Uma ukholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ubhekene ne-HIV ngengozi, noma ngezocansi noma eminye imisebenzi engozini enkulu, kukhona imithi enganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokutheleleka kwe-calle d post-exposure prophylaxis (noma i-PEP).
Izibonelo zokungcola okukhulu kakhulu zihlanganisa:
- ubulili obungenalo ikhondomu nomuntu onesandulela ngculazi noma ukholelwa ukuthi une-HIV
- ikhondomu eye yahamba noma yaqhuma
- Ukuhlanganyela izinaliti ukufaka izidakamizwa kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo, kuhlanganise ne- steroids
- Ukudlwengula noma ukuhlaselwa ngokocansi
I-Post-exposure prophylaxis inezinsuku ezingama-28 zemithi elwa nezidambisigciwane , okufanele zithathwe ngokuphelele futhi zingaphazanyiswa. Ukuze unciphise ingozi yokutheleleka, i-PEP kumele iqaliswe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka - kungakapheli amahora angu-36 okuvezwa .
Ezinye iziqondiso ziphakamisa ukuthi i-PEP ingahanjiswa kuze kufike emahoreni angu-72 okuvezwa, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi amathuba okuvimbela ukutheleleka angcono kakhulu uma uqala ukwelashwa-ngaphambi kokuba igciwane linethuba lokufuduka kusuka kusayithi lokungena nokuya igazi negazi lymph nodes.
Ngakho okusemqoka ukufuna ukunakwa ngokushesha. Ungalindi. Umzuzwana lapho kuvezwa khona, hamba ekamelweni eliphuthumayo eliseduzane noma ukuhamba emtholampilo. Ungalindi kuze kube sekuseni ukubiza udokotela wakho.
I-PEP nayo inqunywe kubasebenzi bezempilo abaye bavezwa umsebenzi we-HIV , njengokuxhumana nogazini onegciwane noma ukulimala kwenaliti esibhedlela noma esimweni semitholampilo.
Indlela i-PEP iphathwa ngayo
Uma usufika esibhedlela noma emtholampilo, uzonikezwa ukuhlola okusheshayo kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi ukuze unqume ukuthi unayo yini igciwane lesandulela ngculazi noma ungenayo i-HIV.
- Uma unesandulela ngculaza , lokho kusho ukuthi uke wavezwa ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi futhi unesifo sengculaza. Kuzohlolwa ukuhlolwa kwesibili ukuqinisekisa imiphumela, emva kwalokho uzothunyelwa kusisebenzi sezempilo ukuze uthole ukwelulekwa, futhi uxoxe ngemiphumela yakho.
- Uma unesandulela ngculazi , uzonikezwa inkambo esheshayo yezidambisigciwane ezingu-2-3 ozodinga ukuqala masinyane bese uthatha amasonto amane. Ukuze kutholakale kancane kancane, izidakamizwa ezimbili zivame ukushiwo. Ezimweni ezingathí sina, kuhlanganise nokudlwengulwa nokulimala komuntu nomuntu ongaziwa noma owaziwa ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi, umuthi wesithathu ungase unqunywe. (Ezinye iziqondiso, kodwa, zibeka njalo izidakamizwa ezintathu kuzo zonke izimo ngenxa yokubekezelelana okuphezulu nokulula ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezintsha).
Khona-ke uzobe ukwaziswa mayelana nokubhekwa okufanele, imiphumela emibi engenzeka, nokunamathela ekwelapheni . Ukuhlolwa kokuhlola okungeziwe kungenziwa, uma kuboniswe (isb., Ama-STIs, i-hepatitis B) Ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo kungabuye kubekwe ezimweni zokudlwengula noma ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi.
Uma ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV okusheshayo kungatholakali, uzonikezwa uhlolo olujwayelekile lwe- HIV ELISA futhi unikeze izidakamizwa ezidingekayo ukuqala ukwelashwa. Khona-ke uzokwaziswa ngemiphumela yakho uma ukuhlolwa kwebhulethi kuqediwe, futhi utshele ukuthi udinga ukuqhubeka nokwelapha.
Ukuhlolwa kwesandulela ngculaza kuyodingeka ukuthi kuhlelwe, ngokuvamile kungakapheli amasonto angu-4-6 ngemuva kokuphothulwa kwe-PEP.
Iphumelela kanjani i-PEP?
I-PEP emasethweni omsebenzi iye yaboniswa ukunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka nge-HIV ngamaphesenti angu-81, ngokusho kocwaningo olushicilelwe eNew England Journal of Medicine .
Ayikho idatha yemibhalo etholakalayo ukulinganisa ukuphumelela kwe-PEP ezimweni zokwehliswa kwezidakamizwa zocansi noma ezijova ngezizathu ezimbili ezilula:
- Kunzima ukuhlukanisa ukuvezwa ngohlobo noma ubunzima esimweni sokunakekelwa kokuphuthumayo.
- Isivivinyo somtholampilo singadinga "iqembu lokulawula" labantu abavezwa i-HIV kepha abanikezwe i-PEP ukuze kutholakale ukusebenza okuqhathaniswayo, ukuziphatha okungenakwenzeka.
Lokho kusho ukuthi imiphumela eqoqayo kuze kube yimanje ibonisa ukuthi i-PEP ingaba ngempumelelo ekunciphiseni ingozi yokudluliswa kwe-HIV ezimweni zokungabi khona kwengozi, ukungasebenzi emsebenzini.
Ulwazi Olwengeziwe
- Izindleko ze-PEP zingase zihlanganiswe nomshuwalense (noma umqashi wakho uma kwenzeka ukutholakala emsebenzini), kodwa ungalindeli ukuqinisekiswa ngaphambi kokuba uqhubeke, ikakhulukazi uma sekuyisikhathi samahora angu-24 noma ngaphezulu kusukela ukuvezwa kwenzeka.
- I-PEP ayilona ilanga ngemva kwephilisi. Uma usuqalile, udinga ukuqedela yonke inkambo yemithi. Ukungabi khona kwamanani noma ukuyeka ukwelashwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kungaholela ekuthuthukiseni ukuphikiswa kwezidakamizwa ze- HIV . Uma unemiphumela emibi engacinuliwe, shayela udokotela wakho noma umtholampilo ngokushesha. Ezinye izidakamizwa zivame ukushintshwa.
- Uma ungaqiniseki uma utholakale ne-HIV, uye esibhedlela esiseduze noma emtholampilo, noma ushayele i-hotline ye-HIV. Umhlahlandlela we-AIDSlinesline ungatholakala emakhasini aphuzi ngaphansi kwe- "Ingculaza, i-HIV Educational Referral kanye Nezinsizakalo Zokusekela" noma "Izinhlangano Zenhlalakahle." Bazokwazi kangcono ukukwazisa ngengozi yokuvezwa.
- Abantu abasengozini enkulu ye-HIV kufanele bacabangele izindlela zokuvimbela i-HIV ngaphambi kokuba iqale. Namuhla, kukhona isu elibizwa ngokuthi i- HIV pre-exposure prophlylaxis (PrEP) lapho ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke komuthi iTruvada kunganciphisa ingozi yokuthola i-HIV nge-75%.
Imithombo:
I-Cardo, D., MD; Culver, D., PhD ;; Ciesielski, C., MD, et al. "Ucwaningo lokulawulwa kwezimo ze-seroconversion ye-HIV kubasebenzi bokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngemuva kokuvezwa komuntu ngamunye." I-New England Journal of Medicine . Novemba 1997; 337: 1485-1490.
Roland, M .; Neilands, T .; Krone, M., et al. "I-Seroconversion elandela ukulandela i-postexosure ne-propylaxis engabambisani ne-HIV." Izifo ezithathelwanayo emitholampilo. Novemba 2005; 41 (10): 1507-1513.
Smith, D .; Grohskopf, L .; Omnyama, R., et al. "I-Antiretroviral Postexposure Prophylaxis Ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwezocansi, ukulimala-ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, noma ukunye ukuvezwa okungahambi kahle kwe-HIV e-United States." Ukulimala nokufa Ukubika ngeviki. NgoJanuwari 21, 2005; 55 (RR02): 1-20.